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2023 Climate Finance Database
No full textUnder the current IDBG Corporate Results Framework (CRF) 2020-2023 (https://crf.iadb.org/en), the IDB committed to reach 30% of the total amount approved (including all lending operations) of climate finance during this period. In 2022, the IDB Group - composed of the IDB, IDB Lab (formerly the Multilateral Investment Fund) and IDB Invest - approved US6.1 billion in climate finance (45.3% of total approvals). The IDB Group is composed of two separate legal entities: the IDB and the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC), which was rebranded as IDB Invest in 2017. The IDB Lab is a trust fund administered by the IDB and serves a unique function as the IDB Group s innovation laboratory. This dataset pertains to the IDB. Climate finance for the entire IDB Group (IDB, IDB Lab, and IDB Invest) in 2023 was US$8.3 billion
Callable Capital of the Inter-American Development Bank: A Report based on the MDB-wide Review of Callable Capital
No full textThis report presents the Inter-American Development Banks (IDB) results of the Review of Callable Capital exercise, initiated by a group of Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) shareholders, to support efforts related to the G20 Independent Review of Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) Capital Adequacy Frameworks (“G20 CAF Report”). The report confirms that Callable Capital at IDB is legally valid and binding and could be activated by Executive Directors. Some shareholders have mechanisms in place to carry out a call on callable capital on short notice, and others have accelerated processes that could be activated. A call on callable capital remains a highly remote scenario, as confirmed by the reverse stress testing exercise, in line with the Banks solid financial policy framework
Assessing the Effect of Fiscal Policies on the Gender Income Gap in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic
Get PDFPersistent gender economic differences have led to an extensive amount of literature devoted to the gender wage gap. However, wages are only one component of income for women and men, and self-employment income, non-labour income, taxes, pensions, and benefits are mostly omitted from the analysis. In this paper we contribute to the small but growing literature of gendered fiscal incidence by studying the effect of taxes, social insurance contributions and benefits on the gender gaps in disposable income for five Central American countries: El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, and Dominican Republic. Our analysis makes use of tax-benefit microsimulation models based on representative household surveys for each country. We compare results for 2019 and for a year afterwards for each country to determine if there are differences due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Three sets of findings are worth highlighting. Firstly, the tax-benefit systems of Panama and Costa Rica have the largest redistributive effect measured by the size of taxes and benefits at the upper and lower part of the disposable income distribution respectively. Second, Costa Rica is the country that close the gender income gap the most, while in the other countries the tax benefit system does not have an important effect in this regard. Thirdly decomposition of the raw disposable income gender gap indicates that a) labour income is the biggest contributor to the gap in all countries and periods analyzed with a very minor role for tax-benefit instruments. b) almost half of the gap is explained by differences in attributes such as education, age, or geographical location, so a significant gap remains unexplained c) differences in employment rates between genders are less important than differences in remunerations
Superheroes of Development 2023: Lessons Learned that Impact Lives
No full textThis publication contains the stories of the five finalist teams of Development Superheroes 2023, the initiative that each year recognizes and disseminates the cases and lessons learned from projects that have overcome great adversity. Here, in particular, the challenges and solutions encountered by executing units in Peru, Haiti, Ecuador, Chile and Barbados are recreated, on issues as varied as security, social assistance, job training for people with disabilities and labor formalization in the recycling sector. Their experiences are a reference for other teams in different countries or sectors to advance along the learning curves they have outlined
Monitoring the Governance of State-Owned Enterprises: Assessing the Impact of Brazilian Corporate Governance Reforms
No full textState-owned enterprises (SOEs) are often justified for correcting market failures, providing essential public services, and fulfilling social objectives. Yet, SOEs face unique governance challenges as agency conflicts usually increase with state ownership. This paper examines Brazil\u27s efforts to address agency conflicts in SOEs, including new legislation (Law 13303 of 2016, the “Law on SOEs”) establishing stringent criteria for the appointment of executives and for the accountability and a complementary monitoring mechanism known as IG-SEST. Using the difference-in-differences methodology, we assess the impact of those interventions on SOEs profitability and labor productivity. Although no significant effect of the more-stringent governance requirements of the Law on SOEs was detected, the group of federal SOEs, which adopted the IG-SEST monitoring mechanism, significantly increased their profitability compared to similar municipal and state SOEs. Because IG-SEST anchored its indicators in corporate governance parameters specified in the Law on SOEs, this result can be interpreted as potential evidence that institutional changes might require complementary mechanisms for effective implementation. These findings are consistent with previous work suggesting that corporate governance might require broader institutional reforms, including fiscal policies to mitigate government action with a negative effect on the performance and solvency of SOEs
The Lives of Intersex People: Socio-Economic and Health Disparities in Mexico (Technical Note)
No full textThis paper reports socio-economic and health outcomes for intersex people in Mexico using data collected between 2021 and 2022. This is the first study relying on a large nationally representative survey including information on sex variations to document substantial negative outcomes for intersex individuals. Around 1.6% of individuals aged 15-64 are intersex. There are significant disparities in mental, physical, and sexual health when comparing intersex individuals to the general population, including higher rates of bullying, stigmatization, harassment, and violence throughout the life cycle, as well as higher rates of suicidal intention. Additionally, intersex individuals have lower education levels and face substantial barriers in the workplace and healthcare environments
Innovation in the Caribbean: Six Stories of Transformation for Sustainable Development
Get PDFThis publication showcases the results and impact of innovative projects supported by the Inter-American Development Bank driving resilience, social progress, and sustainability in six Caribbean countries. Learn how the region is promoting sustainable development by enhancing access to credit in Barbados, upgrading water supply and sanitation systems in The Bahamas, strengthening citizen security in Guyana, empowering communities to adapt to climate change in Jamaica, rehabilitating the energy sector in Suriname, and improving health services in Trinidad and Tobago
Market Power in Latin America in Worldwide Perspective: An Empirical Exploration
Get PDFWhile there is widespread evidence of increasing markups in the United States and other developed economies in the last several decades, little is known about that evolution in developing economies, particularly Latin American countries. Using a harmonized dataset on listed firms from 70 countries in the period 2000-2022, I document four stylized facts about market power--measured as price-cost markups--in the six largest Latin American economies from a worldwide perspective. First, average markups in LAC are high relative to other emerging and developed economies, although they have slightly declined from prevailing levels during the commodity boom period. Second, aggregate markup dynamics are primarily driven by already high-markup firms in the top decile of the markup distribution, with little changes in the market power measured for the remaining nine deciles. Third, in contrast to the prediction of most theories about endogenously variable markups, I document a nonlinear relationship between firm-level markups and size, which is significantly negative for most of the size distribution and significantly positive for very large corporations. Fourth, the relationship between markups and investment depends heavily on the markup level. For a typical firm with median market power, a 1% increase in its markup implies a 0.86% rise in the investment rate. In contrast, for firms at the 99th percentile of the markup distribution, a 1% increase in its markup implies a -0.44% reduction in investment
Hot Spot Policing: An Evidence-Based Practice Guide for Police in Latin America and the Caribbean
No full textHot spots policing (HSP) is an effective approach for decreasing crime. This guide is designed to help police agencies better understand and make practical use of this policing strategy. The guide explains how HSP works in helping to decrease crime, and describes the processes involved in implementing a successful program in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC). It also offers practical advice on how to address many of the challenges involved in implementing HSP, how to evaluate its impact, and how to complement it with other policing approaches to help sustain decreases in crime. Included throughout the publication are case studies from the region that help illustrate how HSP is applied. The guide also answers questions that are often asked about HSP, such as issues associated with the displacement of crime
Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) 2024
No full textThe Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) is an annual report produced by the IDB Group to share the results and impact of its work in Latin America and the Caribbean. It showcases the IDB Group\u27s contributions towards the development of its 26 borrowing member countries in the region and the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as progress against key institutional metrics in its Corporate Results Framework