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Access to Loans and Local Development: Evidence from Brazilian Municipalities
Get PDFLimited access to credit has been identified as a major constraint to sustainable municipal development, but empirical evidence on the effectiveness of credit operations remains inconclusive. This paper evaluates the impact of federal government guaranteed loans on public expenditures. Using data from Brazilian municipalities and a regression discontinuity design that leverages a discontinuity in the eligibility criteria for federal government guarantees, I show that the loans have a positive impact on the quality of local expenditure and social outcome indicators. This impact is characterized by a significant increase in investment while keeping personnel expenditures stable
Water Expenditure, Service Quality and Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean
Get PDFLatin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries have made notable progress in reducing income inequality; however, the extent to which water and sanitation may foster inequalities remains unclear. In this sector, disparities emerge as lower-income households may encounter reduced access to clean water, utilize less water, or bear a disproportionately higher financial burden than higher-income households. In this paper, we investigate latter source of inequality in the water and sanitation sector in LAC. We analyze and compare inequality measures for water expenditures and income for Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Uruguay using survey data from the Americas Barometer of the Latin American Opinion Project (LAPOP). Our descriptive analysis indicates that low-income households allocate a larger proportion of their income to water expenditures compared to high-income households. By comparing the water concentration curve to the Lorenz curve for each country, we find that water expenditures are generally more equitably distributed than income, leading to an unequalizing effect, as households spend similar amounts regardless of income level. Additionally, we demonstrate that total water expenditures, encompassing tap water, bottled water, and water delivered by trucks, align more closely with income distribution than tap water alone in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Uruguay, whereas the opposite is true for Colombia. These disparities may be attributed to water tariff subsidies and the higher consumption of bottled water among wealthier households
Seeds to Inclusion: What We Know and Don\u27t Know About Disability Policy
Get PDFApproximately one in seven people in Latin America and the Caribbean live with a disability, yet barriers and needs are often overlooked, and policies intended to foster inclusion remain understudied. This report examines the effectiveness of disability inclusion policies across education, health, labor markets, and social protection. A closer look at the realities for people with disabilities in the region reveals a much more nuanced picture of the magnitude of gaps, quality of services, and distinct challenges compared to those without disabilities. By highlighting evidence-based interventions, this volume seeks to encourage policy approaches that foster inclusion and improve the quality of life of millions living with disabilities
President\u27s Report 2024: From Resolutions to Solutions: A Year of Transformation Under IDBImpact+
No full textInter-American Development Bank (IDB) President\u27s Report 2024. President Goldfajn reviews the achievements of the IDB Group and looks ahead to 2025
IDB Behavioral Economics Group: Highlights 2024
Get PDFThe IDB Behavioral Economics Group is an interdepartmental working group on behavioral economics. For over a decade, the IDB has been partnering with local and national governments in Latin America and the Caribbean to promote knowledge related to individual and collective decision-making. Our projects and interventions cover more than 20 countries in the region. Our work has focused on key sectors such as education, gender, health, social security, taxes, public administration, environment, road safety, and water and sanitation. Through our efforts, we hope to better serve our countries and continue improving people\u27s lives. In this publication, you will find our project highlights for 2024
Commitment and Strategy Development. Guide to Promote Gender Equality in Latin American and Caribbean Companies: Dimension 1
No full textCommitment and strategy development is one of the eight dimensions of the Guide to promote gender equality in Latin American and Caribbean companies. This guide aims to provide direction to the business sector in designing and implementing measures that promote equal opportunities for men and women in workplace environments. It includes evidence, supporting tools, and both regional and international case studies. Additionally, it offers clear roadmaps with flexible recommendations adaptable to diverse business contexts and needs
Inclusive Value Chains . Guide to Promote Gender Equality in Latin American and Caribbean Companies: Dimension 8
No full textInclusive value chains is one of the eight dimensions of the Guide to promote gender equality in Latin American and Caribbean companies. This guide aims to provide direction to the business sector in designing and implementing measures that promote equal opportunities for men and women in workplace environments. It includes evidence, supporting tools, and both regional and international case studies. Additionally, it offers clear roadmaps with flexible recommendations adaptable to diverse business contexts and needs
Preparation for and Response to a Ransomware Attack in the Organization: Cybersecurity Best Practices
No full textThis document presents a series of best practices for improving the organizations ability to prepare for and respond to a ransomware event. The text is intended to assist the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) and decision-makers within the organization in preparing for and coping with a ransomware event in the organization. Other actors that may gain added value from this document are the Chief Information Officer (CIO), a Cybersecurity Methodologies Specialist, a Cybersecurity Implementer Specialist, a Cybersecurity Technology Specialist (Cybersecurity Architect), and data/teleprocessing/information technology (IT) and system communication personnel. This publication is part of the "Cybersecurity Best Practices" collection, a compendium of practices, methodologies and recommendations in cybersecurity oriented to organizations, developed by the Israel National Cyber Directorate (INCD), and adapted in this series by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), with the objective of facilitating access to this body of knowledge throughout the Latin American and Caribbean region
Skills for Life Series: Purposefulness
No full textPurposefulness, the ability to find and pursue meaningful goals beyond oneself, is essential for fostering motivation, well-being, and societal impact. It is associated with personal fulfillment, academic success, and contributing to broader societal challenges. Purposefulness can be cultivated through reflective practices, meaningful activities, and goal-setting interventions. In this brief, we explore its significance, successful initiatives to cultivate purposefulness, and tools available to measure it
2023 OECD/IDB Digital Government Index of Latin America and the Caribbean: Results and Key Findings
Get PDFThis paper presents the main findings of the 2023 edition of the OECD/IDB Digital Government Index (DGI) for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), which benchmarks the efforts made by 23 governments in the region to establish the foundations necessary for a coherent and human-centred digital transformation of the public sector. Results show that LAC countries are advancing in the right direction. Yet, progress is uneven and significant efforts are still required to fully harness the benefits of the digital transformation and mitigate its potential risks