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National Cybersecurity Law, Governance, and Infrastructure in the Republic of Korea
Get PDFThis document describes the foundations of cybersecurity practices in the Republic of Korea, specifically laws, regulations, governance, and foundational infrastructure, which comprise the core components of its cybersecurity practices. It also highlights a number of important lessons for improving cybersecurity practices in the country. The first lesson is that laws and regulations are essential for the deployment of effective responses to future cyber threats. Korea has enacted many national laws related to cybersecurity, these laws have been revised to reflect current realities in Korea. These laws form the basis of national policy and governance for effective cybersecurity responses. Second, the Korean government has implemented a pan-government national cybersecurity plan, which delineates the development of a national pan-government information protection system encompassing the public, private, national defense, and financial sectors. Under the National Security Council, Korea\u27s top administrative entity for dealing with national cybersecurity, several agencies work closely to protect the country against cyber threats. The Inter-American Development Bank member states should promote and nurture special cybersecurity-related institutions
The Israeli Cyber Emergency Response Team (CERT) Principles of Operation: Cybersecurity Best Practices
No full textThis publication describes the Israeli Cyber Emergency Response Team (CERT) principles of operation, purpose, management principles, and policies for the processing and sharing of information, by which their activities are governed when providing assistance and dealing with cyberthreats to the entire economy, including organizations and companies from all sectors, leveraging the assembling and sharing of valuable security information with all actors. The principles laid out in this document are intended to ensure transparency of the activities and that there is a balance between the nations cyberdefense needs and the protection of basic rights of the public when exercising the CERTs mission. This publication is part of the "Cybersecurity Best Practices" collection, a compendium of practices, methodologies and recommendations in cybersecurity oriented to organizations, developed by the Israel National Cyber Directorate (INCD), and adapted in this series by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), with the objective of facilitating access to this body of knowledge throughout the Latin American and Caribbean region
Are we there yet? The Path Towards Sustained Economic Growth in the Caribbean
No full textIncreasing the productivity of firms is the main factor for accelerating long-run growth. Prior to 2020, several Caribbean nations were implementing reforms to improve the local conditions for firms to prosper. However, the COVID-19 pandemic reversed much of this progress, bringing the vital tourism industry to a near standstill and exacerbating existing economic challenges. In this context, as Caribbean economies recover, it becomes imperative to implement pending policies to foster economic growth through the private sector. Many of these essential policies pertain to key areas such as the investment climate in which firms operate, the quality of human capital available in local labor markets, the innovation capacity of firms, and the availability and adequacy of firm financing. Accordingly, this volume presents a fresh analysis of these issues covering 13 Caribbean nations: Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. The in-depth assessments presented throughout the book convey a comprehensive understanding of the private sectors evolving role in the Caribbean economy
Trade and Integration Monitor 2024: Bucking the Trend: The Potential of Knowledge-Based Services
No full textThe 2024 Trade and Integration Monitor analyzes how Latin America and the Caribbean are navigating the new global landscape, comparing the regions performance to the rest of the world and examining the trade performance by country and integration bloc. This edition includes a medium-term analysis of trade in knowledge-based services and the internal and external factors shaping competitiveness in global markets. This is the 12th edition of an annual report published by the Integration and Trade Sector at the Inter-American Development Bank to track Latin America and the Caribbeans changing role in global trade
Inequality, Education, and Skills in Latin America: Evidence from the Regional Learning Assessment
Get PDFEducational inequality remains a critical challenge across Latin America, with significant learning gaps persisting, particularly among students from marginalized and impoverished communities. Stark inequities in access to quality education and its academic benefits disproportionately affect disadvantaged students, perpetuating exclusion and segregation. This study leverages data from the 2019 Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (ERCE 2019) to analyze educational outcomes, focusing on the challenges faced by students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and Indigenous communities. Findings reveal that the mathematics achievement gap between students of low and high socioeconomic status widens from third to sixth grade, with Brazil and Uruguay exhibiting the largest disparities. Similar gaps in language and science achievement are evident, particularly in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. Indigenous students face additional systemic barriers, with Costa Rica and Panama showing the most pronounced disparities. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition method, the study identifies that mathematics and language gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students are partially explained by non-observable factors such as discrimination and bias
Gender, Education, and Skills in Latin America: Evidence from the Regional Learning Assessment
No full textLatin America has achieved considerable progress in expanding access to education, yet significant gender disparities persist in educational outcomes. These gaps are evident in enrollment, completion rates, and performance across key subjects such as mathematics, language, and science. This study explores the multifaceted drivers of these disparities, including societal norms, family expectations, and economic conditions that differentially impact boys and girls. Using data from the 2019 Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (ERCE), the analysis highlights persistent gender-based achievement gaps across Latin American countries. Girls typically outperform boys in language and science, while boys excel in mathematics. However, these trends vary across demographic groups, with Indigenous students facing compounded barriers. Indigenous girls score lower in mathematics compared to Indigenous boys and non-Indigenous peers, while Indigenous boys underperform in language and science relative to their counterparts. The findings indicate that observable factors, such as access to resources, do not fully account for these disparities. Instead, societal expectations, parental perceptions, and cultural attitudes toward education emerge as critical drivers
Research Insights: What Are the Impacts of Bank Branch Closures on Local Firms?
Get PDFAs several major banks in Latin America have reduced their branch networks in recent years, many firms have lost access to their local bank. Bank branch closures result in a reduction in firm establishments with active operations from 1.2% initially to 8.1% within 4-7 years, a 0.5 decline in weekly hours of formal employment, and a compression of the real wage distribution. Micro firms, trade and service firms, and agricultural firms are found to be the most vulnerable
Caribbean Development Dynamics 2025
Get PDFCaribbean Development Dynamics is a new annual flagship report by the OECD Development Centre and the Inter-American Development Bank that analyzes key development trends in the Caribbean with a comparative and multi-dimensional approach. This publication is the result of a fruitful dialogue between the two institutions, which concluded by acknowledging the need for a dedicated report to inform policy dialogue on the development of the Caribbean region. The report calls for a shift in perspective from emphasizing challenges to casting light on opportunities. It seeks to shape the debate on development opportunities in the Caribbean by providing comparable data, policy recommendations, and a regional perspective highlighting policy options and areas of common interest while acknowledging diversity as a unique asset
Behind the Numbers: A comparative analysis of international datasets on water and sanitation in Latin America and the Caribbean
Get PDFThe development of robust public water and sanitation policies requires dependable, transparent, and representative data; however, the available datasets for the region are complex with indicators that are often misinterpreted by policy professionals. It is essential that users understand the strengths and limitations of these datasets to facilitate source choice and ensure that their use results in accurate insights. This document discusses and contrasts water and sanitation access data produced by three sources: the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Dataset (JMP), the OLAS/SCL Household Survey Dataset compiled by the Water and Sanitation Observatory for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Social Division of the Inter-American Development Bank (HHS-OLAS), and data collected by the AmericasBarometer Survey from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (AB-LAPOP). The document outlines the goals, strengths, and limitations of each dataset and provides a comparative analysis of key indicators, with the aim of giving data users a better understanding of how to use these datasets in tandem to produce a more comprehensive picture of water and sanitation access in LAC
Water and Sanitation in Schools: Planning and Design of Sanitary Facilities
Get PDFUniversal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in schools goes beyond meeting childrens basic needsit plays a vital role in preventing disease and, as a result, improving school attendance rates. However, schools in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) continue to face significant challenges related to both the availability and quality of WASH services, as well as the physical condition of sanitary facilities in schools. The publication "Water and sanitation in schools: Planning and design of sanitary facilities" outlines key principles for the planning of WASH services in schools. It also provides detailed design guidelines to ensure that school facilities meet the conditions necessary for students comprehensive development. This document is intended as a practical reference for stakeholders responsible for planning and designing education infrastructure, particularly in relation to water, sanitation, and hygiene