Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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The Study on Genetic Variability in Chilli Landraces
No full textThe field experiment was conducted during summer and winter season, 2020 and summer season, 2021 at the Experimental Farm of Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station Dhaulakuan, District Sirmour (HP), Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The experimental material comprising of variable 19 chilli landraces which were collected from different villages of Block Shillai and compared with the recommended cultivar DKC-8. The data were analyzed and the inferences were drawn for PCV and GCV, heritability (%) and genetic advance, High PCV and GCV were recorded for green fruit yield plant-1. Heritability was recorded maximum for all the traits under study and high value of genetic advance at 5 per cent selection intensity was recorded for green fruit yield per plant, number of green fruits per plant. These findings highlight the substantial genetic variability among local chilli landraces and their potential as valuable genetic resources. The study clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of selection in improving yield-related traits, indicating that these landraces can be effectively utilized in breeding programs aimed at enhancing chili productivity and adaptation
Assessing Chilli Genotypes in Vertisols of Andhra Pradesh, India
No full textChilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important spice crops in India valued for domestic and export market. Andhra Pradesh ranks first in area, production and productivity of chilli. The present investigation was carried out with thirteen promising chilli genotypes in randomized block design replicated thrice. The thirteen promising genotypes were used to study their performance for growth, yield attributing and yield in chilli. The chilli accessions differed significantly for all the traits evaluated. Among the thirteen lines evaluated, genotype SKAU-128 recorded maximum plant height (97.7cm), genotype ST-37 recorded higher number of primary branches, ST-07 has was earlier in flowering, LCA-334 recorded highest mean fruit weight. The present study revealed that among the genotypes tested for, LCA-334 recorded the highest mean yield (133 q/ha) being on par withRHRCH-10-2 (126.4q/ha)
Impact of Alternative Crops and Cropping Systems for Sugarcane on Soil Chemical Properties in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka, India
No full textThe field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Hukkeri, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to study the impact of alternative crops and cropping systems for sugarcane on soil chemical properties. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 11 treatments, each replicated thrice. The treatment included various cropping systems such as soybean-sorghum-ridge gourd, pigeon pea + green gram-beans, pigeon pea + soybean(1:1) - cowpea, soybean - wheat - groundnut, groundnut - sorghum - sesame, maize - cabbage - fallow, soybean - wheat - green gram, maize - wheat - sesame, Bt cotton - groundnut, sugarcane + onion (1:2) and sole sugarcane. The results showed that alternative crop and cropping systems did not significantly differ in soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and organic carbon (OC). However, specific systems exhibited higher levels of certain nutrients, with sugarcane + onion (1:2) recording the highest available nitrogen and potassium. Other systems, such as maize-wheat-sesame and soybean-wheat-green gram, also showed higher available nitrogen and potassium. The cropping systems did not differ significantly in soil available phosphorus status, and the range of secondary nutrients and micronutrients varied across systems. Overall, the study suggests that incorporating high-biomass producing crops like legumes, green manure in rotation can improve soil properties and provide long-term nutrient requirements, outperforming cereal-based systems
A Global Scientometric Analysis of Climate-smart Agricultural Innovations Adoption in Drought-prone Areas
No full textAcute and growing burdens on livelihoods exist as water resources become more stressed and agricultural production becomes less reliable. To meet these challenges, Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) innovations are being positioned as an essential solution to increasing resilience, productivity, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This global scientometric analysis maps the evolution of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) adoption research in drought-prone regions through a systematic examination of 448 Scopus-indexed publications (2016–2025). The field demonstrates robust annual growth (13.72%), peaking at 111 publications in 2024, a surge catalysed by post-Paris Agreement policy mobilisation and escalating climate vulnerabilities. Geographically, research leadership is heavily concentrated in high-risk regions: India dominates (80 publications, 17.9% of total), driven by institutions like Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (27 papers), while Sub-Saharan Africa shows strong collaborative output (Ghana: 17; Kenya: 15). Critically, Latin American drylands and West Asia represent less than 4% of studies, exposing significant spatial knowledge gaps. Thematic analysis reveals three interconnected clusters: (1) climate drivers ("drought" [80 keyword occurrences], "abiotic stress") contextualizing environmental pressures; (2) adaptation strategies anchored by "climate-smart agriculture" but hampered by terminology inconsistencies ("adaptye management"); and (3) socio-agronomic outcomes ("crop yield", "food security", "smallholder" livelihoods). Methodologically, empirical field data dominates yet suffers from compartmentalisation: biophysical trials (e.g., 3.1 t/ha sorghum yield gains in Kenya) rarely integrate socio-economic metrics, while household surveys (e.g., 40% higher farm incomes for CSA adopters in India) overlook environmental variables. Only 12.5% of systematically reviewed studies leveraged geospatial tools like remote sensing (e.g., detection of sustained LST >30°C in Indonesia). Crop-specific research disproportionately focuses on maize (21 occurrences), neglecting drought-resilient staples like sorghum and millet, essential for nutrition security. Collaboration networks are robust (4.44 authors/paper), with Northern institutions enabling multinational partnerships (UK: 82% MCP rate). Persistent gaps include fragmented methodologies, underrepresentation of livestock systems, and short-term trials (<6 years). We recommend (a) integrated mixed-methods approaches (remote sensing + socio-economic panels), (b) geographic diversification to neglected arid zones, (c) ontology standardisation, and (d) crop study expansion beyond maize. Policymakers should prioritise scaling validated CSA bundles, such as integrated soil-water conservation (26–89% yield increases) and drought-tolerant varieties, to strengthen resilience in vulnerable agroecosystems
Effect of Nutrient Combination on Growth and Yield of Maize
No full textA comprehensive field experiment was meticulously planned and executed during the kharif season of 2021 at the esteemed Doon Valley College of Education, nestled in the serene locale of Thakurpur, Selaquai, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. The primary objective was to assess the effect of integrated nutrient management, combining organic and inorganic nutrients, in optimizing the growth and yield of irrigated maize. The experiment was carried out using randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consists of nutrient combinations, namely T1 - Control, T2 - 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF), T3 - 75% RDF, T4 - 50% RDF, T5 - 75% RDF + 25% Organic Manure (OM), T6 - 50% RDF + 50% OM, T7 - 75% RDF + 25% OM + Zinc Sulphate, T8 - 100% RDF + Zinc Sulphate, T9 - 50% RDF + 50% OM + Zinc Sulphate. The maize variety utilized in this research was Kanchan-25, chosen for its excellent adaptability and productive capacity. During the growing season, thorough observations were conducted on various growth indicators including plant height, plant density, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index (LAI). Moreover, significant yield-related characteristics such as the count of leaves per plant, grains per cob, weight of the cob, grain yield, and stover yield were likewise noted. Of all the nutrient treatments evaluated, the combination of 50% recommended chemical fertilizers (RDF), 50% organic manure, and zinc sulphate (T9) was particularly notable. This treatment greatly enhanced plant growth, leading to increased dry matter production and a larger leaf area. It also produced the highest yield results increased grain and stover outputs. These findings clearly highlight the advantages of combined nutrient management. This method combines the rapid nutrient release of chemical fertilizers with the enduring soil-enhancing benefits of organic manure, promoting robust crop development and optimizing yield Moreover, it offers a sustainable and eco-friendly way to boost maize productivity, showing that it\u27s possible to achieve high yields without compromising on responsible farming practices
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Fish Found in Waterworks Reservoir, in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
No full textParasites that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of fish, including protozoa and helminths, are of particular concern. These parasites not only affect the health and well-being of the fish population but also pose potential health risks to humans who consume them. The Water Works Reservoir, situated in the vibrant city of Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, serves as a critical source of freshwater fish, offering essential dietary protein to the local populace. A total number of 90 samples were collected and examined from water works reservoir. Lately lots of concern has been raised in respect of consumption of fishes from fairly polluted and polluted waters. This research intends to put to rest such concerns and check the parasite available in water works reservoir. Out of 90 samples from water works 47 were male and 43 were female. Male fish tended to have a relatively higher number of infestations 22 (46.80%) while the female fish recorded 20 (46.52%). A total of 86 adult worms, larval and eggs were found in the sampled fishes investigated, out of which Ascaris eggs were 20 (23.26%), Capilaria sp. 14 (16.28%), Metacercariae sp. 8 (9.31%), Camallanus sp. 8 (9.31%) Pleurocercoid or Coradium 5 (5.82%), Astiotrema sp. 5 (5.82), Miracidium larvae 3 (3.48%) and followed by Ascaridods (2.33%) as the least parasitic infestation. The study also shows the intestine was the most infested 51 (59.3%), followed by the stomach with 35 (40.69%). The findings of this study are expected to shed light on the safety of consuming fish from the reservoir and inform strategies for preserving the health and well-being of the local population
Agronomic and Morphological Evaluation of Experimental Tomato Lines Grown under Greenhouse Conditions in Saltillo, Coahuila, México
No full textAims: The objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic and morphological behavior of experimental lines of tomato under greenhouse conditions, in order to generate new F1 materials.
Study Design: The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 16 treatments and four repetitions each, the ANOVA was performed at p≤0.05 and the means test was by Tukey (p≤0.05).
Place and Duration of Study: Experimental greenhouse "The Bajío” Buenavista, Plant Breeding Department of the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. between February 2023 to November 2023.
Methodology: 16 genotypes of tomato were evaluated (L1 to L16), through the quantification and determination of morphological and agronomic variable, as well as the physicochemical and nutritional quality of the tomato fruits.
Results: The results indicate statistical differences for all the quantified variables evaluated, while the morphological behavior of the lines was variable in most of the evaluated traits. For the yield components, promising lines such as TR-006 and TR-010 were found, which stand out in the number of fruits per plant with 59 fruits, while TR-008, TR-015 and TR-007 are lines that present fruits of greater average weight with 127.4, 115.4 and 100 g respectively. The lines TR-013, TR-016 and TR-006 stand out for producing more kilograms per plant with 3.54, 3.48 and 3.44 kilograms per plant, respectively. For seed production, lines TR-014, TR-013 and TR-003 showed good yield with 162.57, 161.31 and 159.17 seeds per fruit, respectively.
Conclusion: The agronomic and morphological behavior of the genotypes was variable in most of the characters evaluated, which indicates genetic variability between the lines, variability that could be used as a source of germplasm for the generation of new materials with high productive potential either as a free-pollinated variety or as hybrids
Information Use Patterns of Farmers in Rice-based Cropping Systems in Puducherry
No full textRice is a staple food crop and it is integral to India\u27s food security, economy, and rural livelihoods, particularly in regions like Puducherry, where rice-based cropping systems dominate. This study investigates the information use patterns of 120 farmers engaged in rice-based cropping systems, focusing on sources, storage methods, and utilization of agricultural information. Data were collected through structured interviews using an ex post facto research design and analyzed to identify key decision-making factors influencing farming practices. The findings reveal that interpersonal communication channels, such as discussions with family members, peers, and successful farmers, are the most relied upon sources of information, with 98.33% of farmers emphasizing these interactions. Additionally, 85% of farmers evaluate information based on economic feasibility, while 81.66% rely on personal experience. Regarding storage, 85% use memory by informing family members, while 66.66% rely on mobile phones for visual documentation. The adoption of sustainable crop management practices was observed in 91.66% of farmers using certified seeds, 79.16% conducting regular soil testing, and 67.50% employing integrated pest management practices. Key constraints include lack of timely access to information (81.66%) and difficulty in understanding technical terms (70.83%). These findings underscore the need for Purpose-driven measures, including localized digital tools, simplified information delivery, and improved extension services, to enhance agricultural sustainability and empower farmers in Puducherry
Assessing and Prioritising Constraints of Small Tea Growers: Evidence from Idukki and Wayanad Districts in Kerala, India
No full textAims: To identify and rank the major constraints faced by small tea growers (STGs) in Kerala.
Study Design: Field survey was conducted and the STGs were individually made to rank the constraints. The Garrett ranking method was used to find out which problems were most important to the STGs in both districts.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the principal tea-growing blocks of Idukki and Wayanad districts in Kerala, between June and August 2025.
Methodology: A purposive sampling approach was adopted to select key tea growing blocks and panchayats, from which 200 STGs were randomly chosen. Primary data were collected through a pre-tested structured interview schedule focusing on constraints in tea cultivation and marketing. Respondents ranked each constraint, and the Garrett ranking technique was applied to quantify and prioritise the challenges identified in each district.
Results: Price volatility was found to be the most critical constraint in Idukki, while labour shortage ranked highest in Wayanad. In Idukki, STGs also reported high wage rates and limited institutional support as significant challenges, whereas in Wayanad, respondents reported climate change and pest and disease incidence as major concerns. Statistical analysis revealed that the severity and nature of constraints differed significantly between the two regions, influencing decisions of STGs to diversify crops and income sources.
Conclusion: The study found that in Idukki, price volatility was the main problem for STGs, along with lack of institutional support and high wage rate. In Wayanad, the biggest issue was a lack of labour, followed by climatic and pest and disease concerns, while stable prices from organic certification made market problems less severe. These challenges led many STGs to switch to other crops or non-farm work. The results show the need for strategies like improvement in market intelligence through price forecasting to help tea growers in Kerala overcome these key problems
Repeatability and Stability of Agromorphological Characteristics of Onion Cultivars (Allium cepa L.) in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Cameroon
No full textThe variability of environmental conditions leads to significant fluctuations in the agromorphological performance of cultivars. To improve the productivity and stability of varieties, it is essential to assess the repeatability and stability of agromorphological traits. This study evaluates the repeatability and stability of agromorphological traits of onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. The experiment was conducted at three sites representative of the main onion-producing areas, using a randomized complete block design. Local and improved cultivars were selected based on farmers\u27 preferences, seed availability and climatic conditions. The experimental design included four treatments and three replicates. Excel and XLSTAT (2014.5.02) software were used for treatment analysis. Significant differences between cultivars for each trait were assessed using ANOVA and Fisher\u27s t-test. Statistical analyses of certain traits, such as bulb weight, plant height, and number of leaves, show strong repeatability, suggesting a significant genetic influence. The results show that some traits exhibit strong repeatability (bulb weight: 0.61 and 0.77; plant height: 0.73 to 0.92; number of leaves: 0.74 to 0.83), justifying their use in breeding programs. The Nguetchewé and Palar localities showed good repeatability and genetic stability, suggesting the implementation of a breeding program or the creation of a new variety. However, the repeatability of the "plant height" trait in the different localities shows relatively low values: 0.30, 0.16, and 0.17. The low repeatability observed in some locations therefore limits the accuracy of selection based solely on plant height. Conversely, the repeatability value of 0.52 for this trait indicates a certain consistency in the genetic expression of plant height in at least one environment, allowing for moderate selection. The Nguetchewé, Palar, and Pitoa sites show repeatability and stability results deemed satisfactory for certain important traits (bulb weight, flower peduncle), making them priority areas for varietal selection and onion seed production. Plant height remains a trait with low overall repeatability: its selection is only effective in a controlled environment and should preferably be combined with other, more stable criteria