Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Estimation of Heterosis for Yield and Its Attributes in Brassica rapa L.
No full textSix parents of Brassica rapa (L) viz. SAU Sarisha-1, SAU Sarisha-2, SAU Sarisha-3, BARI Sarisha-6, BARI Sarisha-15, and Tori-7 were crossed in a half diallel fashion. The resultant fifteen hybrids along with six parents were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications with the aim of evaluating the performance of hybrids over their parents. The study was conducted at the Research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh during Rabi 2010-2011. Results indicated that, all the parameters except 1000-seed weight and seed yield/plant were significantly differed among the parents indicated existing variation in the parents. The best performance was observed from the parents BARI Sarisha-15 and Tori-7. The growth as well as yield and yield attributes of all hybrids were also significantly differed. The highest seed yield was obtained from the hybrid CC6 (11.55 g/plant) followed by CC15 (9.75 g/plant) with a moderate days to flowering. The most heterotic hybrids for seed yield per plant were CC14, which produced significantly positive heterosis over mid-parent (35.99%) and better-parent (17.09%) in our study. However, the parent BARI Sarisha-6, BARI Sarisha-15, and Tori-7 can be used in any breeding program and the hybrids CC14 can be selected for further study towards a variety development
Can Phosphate Rock Boost Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth under Alkaline Soil Conditions?
No full textPhosphorus deficiency forms an important constraint for crop production, especially in tropical marginal countries like the Sudan. Unfortunately, the majority of soils in the Sudan are phosphate (Pi) deficient, while chemical Pi fertilizers are not affordable for resource-poor farmers. Thus, alternative fertilization strategies are urgently needed to improve yields of crops, especially on alkaline low-fertile soils. Having some novel and simple solutions can offer tremendous opportunities to protect the environment, rebuild soil fertility, and improve food security in the Sudan and similar countries. Hence, a pot experiment was conducted to study the impact of phosphate rock (PR) on the growth performance of maize “line KHM405” grown in two types of alkaline soils differing in the soil physical and chemical properties (clay vs. sand-clay-loam). Results obtained showed that the application of PR to clay or sand-clay-loam soil had no significant effect on all examined parameters (plant and soil). Because of the alkalinity of the soil, the present study indicated the importance of future studies to establish efficient methods of partial acidulation to improve the solubility of phosphate in the PR materials
Effect of Sowing Methods, Seed Rate and Variety on Yield and Seed Quality of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Its Implication on Returns in Sudan Savanna of Nigeria
No full textAn experiment to determine the effect of sowing method, seed rate and variety on the yield and seed quality of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) and its implication on returns was conducted at Kano and Dutse, in the sudan ecological zone of Nigeria during 2009 rainy season. The treatments evaluated consisted of three sowing methods (broadcasting, dibbling and drilling), four seed rate (2.5/ha, 5.0/ha, 7.5/ha and 10.0/ha Kg-1) and two varieties (Ex-Sudan and E8). The result shows that, 1000-seed weight was significantly affected by the treatments at both locations where dibbling method produced heavier seed weight, seed rate of 2.5 kg/ha resulted in more seed per plant while 5.0 kg/ha of seed produced significantly more yield per hectare. Proximate analysis of the seeds was carried out. Crude protein and oil content of the seed were not significantly affected by the sowing method and variety. It is therefore recommended that, adopting drilling method of planting with the seed rate of 5.0 kg/ha would increase the yield per unit that could increase the returns accrued to the sesame growers
Evaluation of Rice Germplasm for Resistance against Pyricularia oryzae the Cause of Rice Leaf Blast
No full textRice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the most important diseases in rice growing areas of the world. Fifty two rice genotypes including one susceptible check, Basmati C-622, were evaluated to find out new sources of resistance and assess their diversity based on the reactions against P. oryzae. The test genotypes were evaluated against leaf blast after three weeks of inoculation by following the standard evaluation system for rice introduced by the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines. Diversity of the 52 genotypes was also assessed based on blast symptoms. Moderately resistant reactions were observed with genotypes KSK-470, KSK-463, KSK-460, PK 8685-5-1-1-1, KSK-462, KSK-474, PK 3810-30-1, KSK-471 and KSK-472. The 52 genotypes were grouped in 4 clusters. The grouping of some genotypes in same cluster is based on their similar reaction against leaf blast. The results of this study can be useful for selecting suitable genotypes for the development of blast-resistant rice varieties through hybridization
Performance Evaluation of Five Boro Rice Cultivars Based on Some Morpho-chemical Characters
No full textAim: To study the performance of five Boro rice cultivars based on some morpho-chemical characters.
Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the research filed of the department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, during the period of February to May, 2014.
Methodology: The morpho-chemical performance of five selected Boro rice cultivars viz. BINA dhan 7, Hybrid SL-8H, Poshusail, Jirasail and Swarna were evaluated.
Results: The experimental results elucidate that leaf Proline content as well as mineral content was varied amongst the studied cultivar at pre-flowering stage. Results of the study revealed the morpho-chemical, yield and yield attributes were significantly differ of the studied cultivars. The hybrid cultivars showed short plant height, high tillering ability, much leaf number and higher number of grains panicle-1 which support superior growth characters and yield (8.42 t ha-1). Among the cultivars, hybrid rice cv. SL-8H produced the highest yield and higher chlorophyll-a, phosphorus content.
Conclusion: From the present study it may be concluded that Hybrid SL-8H showed the highest yield potential than those of Boro rice cultivars. Therefore, it can be suggested that Hybrid SL-8H might be selected for cultivation in Northwest Bangladesh using modern agronomic practices due to its high yield potential but further study is suggested
Callus Induction from Zygotic Embryos of Coconut MATAG F2
No full textThe effect of 2,4-D (in concentrations of 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L) applied in combination with BAP (1.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/L) on callus induction in coconut MATAG F2 zygotic embryos cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was investigated. The effects of IBA, TDZ and NAA combined with 2,4-D were also tested. The best callus formation (20%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D at 10.0 mg/L. The induced calli were yellowish in colour and structurally compact. Different portions of the zygotic embryo were also compared for callus induction when used as explants and cultured on MS medium supplemented 10.0 mg/L 2,4-D. The incidence of callus formation (up to 83%) was highest from the middle portion of the embryos
Screening of 20 Accessions of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) for Resistance to Cercospora Leaf Spot Disease
No full textAims: Twenty accessions of sesame (Sesamum indicum) were screened for resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease.
Sample: Twenty accessions of Sesamum indicum were used for the study. The sesame accessions were obtained from various localities and raised in a green house.
Study Design: Three to four seedlings were initially transplanted per hole and later thinned to two after establishment and arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: Cultivation of seedlings and transplantation were all carried out at a standard green house of the Molecular Biology Laboratory located at 124 MCC Road, Calabar, Cross River State of Nigeria in August, 2013.
Methodology: Isolation was made from leaves of diseased host plants. Test plants infected leaves with characteristic anthracnose symptoms were collected from the field. They were thereafter, subjected to pathogenicity test with Cercospora sesami to determine their levels of resistance to this debilitating pathogen.
Results: Plant height was strongly positively related to seed size (r = 0.85) and number of branches (r = 0.72) and had a significant correlation with the number of seeds per plant (r = 8.60). Correlation coefficient studies revealed that six out of the eight parameters were significantly (P = 0.05) correlated.
Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that accessions from Adagum and Ndok were immuned or highly resistant to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease with disease severity of 0 (zero). Also, collections from Ogoja, Akim Market and Watt Market were resistant to CLS diseases with disease severity of 1.621, 1.820 and 1.545 respectively. Nwang, Mbube East, Bansara, Obudu Market, Obanliku Market, Gboko Market, Ukpa Market, Yahe Market and Ekpugrinya Market and Okpoma Market were either moderately susceptible or susceptible to CLS disease according to their mean disease severities
Impact of Potassium on the Growth and Yield Contributing Attributes of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
No full textThe field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of potassium on growth and yield of onion at Agricultural Research Station Baffa, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, during the year 2016- 2017. Four levels of potassium i.e. 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 were used as treatments in the experiment. It was observed that there was significant increase in growth and yield of onion in response to different levels of potassium. The results indicated that maximum average bulb weight (78.44 g), maximum bulb diameter (5.20 cm), and maximum yield (24.67 t ha-1) was noted in plots applied with potassium at the rate of 120 kg ha-1. The lowest onion yield (10.40 tons ha-1) was obtained with control. It may be concluded that the highest dose of potassium application for the soil medium of Agricultural Research Station Baffa, Mansehra is empirical proved 120 kg ha-1 which has significant effects on bulb diameter, bulb weight and yield of onion. Therefore potassium application of 120 kg ha-1 is recommended as the most suitable dose for obtaining maximum yield of onion in Mansehra
An Assessment of the Adoption of Improved Rice Processing Technologies: A Case of Rice Farmers in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
No full textAim: To ascertain the adoption of improved rice processing technologies among rice farmers in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria.
Study Design: Survey research.
Place and Duration of Study: Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria, between June and August, 2016.
Methodology: A simple random sampling technique was used to select 240 rice farmers from four of the six agricultural zones as delineated by the FCT Agricultural Development Project (FCT-ADP) for the study. Descriptive statistics, sigma scoring method and binary logistic model were used to analyse primary data obtained through questionnaire administration.
Results: Results from the findings showed that 72.5% of the farmers were male with an average age of 43 years. Rice farmers in the area had a mean farming experience of 9 years and operated on an average farm size of 4 hectares with average annual income from processing activities of N158, 244. The results further indicated a generally low level of adoption with respect to improved paddy steaming (sigma score = 5.1) and improved drying (sigma score = 4.1). The marginal effect of access to credit, awareness, and years of processing experience directly influenced the probability of adoption of improved rice processing technologies among rice farmers in the area at 5%, while household size decreased adoption at 1%.
Conclusion: There was low adoption of processing technologies among rice farmers due to high purchase costs and other constraining socioeconomic variables. The study therefore recommends the establishment of effective linkage system and collaboration of the major stakeholders towards appropriate technology development and dissemination
A Lysimster Study, a Unique Tool for Botanists, Agronomists and Other Plant Scientists
No full textA lysimeter is an equipment used to collect and measure soil water that drains below the root zone from a pasture or agriculture field. According to methods of measuring water content, lysimeter devides into weighing lysimeter and non-weighing lysimeter. The weighing lysimeters provide scientists the basic information for research related to evapotranspiration, and they are commonly divided into two types, continous weighing and intermittent weighing. Compared to laboratory experiments, out-door lysimeter studies have advantages like being closer to field environment conditions, it is possible to grow plants and therefore to study the fate of chemicals in soil/plant systems, transformations and leaching. The limitations are costy which depend on design, variable experimental conditions such as environmental/climatic parameters which are normally not controlled, the soil spatial variability is normally less, they are not suitable for every plant species and even every soil type. The objective of lysimeter is defining the crop coefficient (Kc) which used to convert ETr into equivalent crop evapotranpiration (ETc) values, and determing agronomical characteristics of crops which are planted in the field of lysimeter. The duration of a lysimeter study is determined by the objective of the study, but for different crops, it should normally be at least two years. Precipitation should be recorded daily at the lysimeter site. All weather data like air temperature, solar radiation, humidity and potential evporation should be obtained onsite, and the frequency and time of measurements should be at least daily