Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Evaluation of Genotypic Performances in Native Rice Landraces of Bangladesh
No full textField experiments were carried out at Dinajpur, Nilphamari and Faridpur from July, 2017 to March, 2018 to evaluate the performance of native land races of rice viz., Chinigura, Kataribhog, Radhunipagol, Badshabhog, Kalozira, Uknimadhu, Dudshar, Salna, Shitabhog and Zirashail to assess G x E interaction against five quantitative characters, plant height (cm), productive tillers/hill, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield/m2 and days to maturity, and three qualitative characters, proline (%) as µmol/g fresh weight, aroma from green leaves and cooked rice. The field experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The highest grain yield (390.25 g/m2) was obtained from Radhunipagol at Dinajpur. Next to Radhunipagol, Kataribhog produced higher grain yield (350.00 g/m2) which was significantly higher than that of Nilphamari and Faridpur but Radhunipagol was suited both for Dinajpur and Nilphamari. The cultivar, Kalozira was adapted to three locations as reflected by its regression coefficient very close to unity (b=0.92) and deviation from the coefficient estimated very near to zero (s2d=0.16). Maximum proline was estimated (18.7 µmol/g fresh weight) from Chinigura cultivated at Dinajpur. The proline (%) estimated average from Kalozira at three locations and the range varied from 14.00 -15.90 µmol/g fresh weight. Dinajpur appeared as the best and Faridpur as an unfavorable location for local aromatic rice cultivars. Since, aroma was assessed through sensory method the maximum aroma was assessed from Chinigura under Dinajpur but its content gradually decreased at Nilphamari and Faridpur. The aroma assessed from cooked rice ranged from 7.05-8.90 over three locations but maximum aroma was assessed under Dinajpur. Chinigura, Radhunipagol and Kataribhog found suitable for Dinajpur, and Kalozira and Badshabhog might suggest cultivating over the locations of Bangladesh
Effect of Salinity on the Growth Characteristics of Solanum aethiopicum L. (Solanaceae)
No full textSalinity affects various morphological and anatomical characters of plants thereby reducing the yield of the plant in the long run. Solanum aethiopicum L. is an economic plant that is versatile for human use ranging from food to traditional medicine. Experiment was conducted to assay the impact of saline irrigation on some growth parameters (plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and size of stomatal complex). Results of the experiment showed that for most parameters studied that the values obtained for the treatments are reduced compared to the control, thereby establishing that saline water harmed S. aethiopicum L. There is no significant difference in the plant from week 5 (i.e. 2 weeks after application of saline water) but at week 6 and 7 (i.e. 3 and 4 weeks after application of saline water respectively), there was significant difference in the parameters. Therefore it is advised that S. aethiopicum L. be grown on soils with low or no content of salinity to maintain optimum growth and development of the plant
Perceptions of Flower Farm Workers on the Health Effects of Chemicals Exposures around Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia
No full textAims: Explore the perceptions of flower farms workers towards the health effects of chemical exposures. Perception is the views, attitudes and opinions of workers.
Study Design: Descriptive survey, using quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Place and Duration of the Study: Tana Flora, Bahir Dar Farm and Tal Flowers, between November 2018 and June 2019.
Methodology: Statistical analyses were done using 302 sample workers (80 male and 222 female; age ranges 15-65 years) at 95% confidence interval employing stratified random sampling techniques via proportional sample selection, and a response rate of 95.6%. Independent sample t-test with the assumption of equal variance (the Leven’s t-test) was used to analyze the existence of significant perception differences among female and male workers, and workers labour divisions. Qualitative data was obtained through structured interviews from farms managers (3); regional Environmental, Forest and Wildlife Protection Development Authority (EFWPDA) officials (3) and field observations that supplemented the quantitatively analyzed data.
Results: Leven’s t-test showed the computed p-values were less than the preset significance level (0.05) for the majority of health impacts of chemical exposures. Significant perception differences were observed among male and female workers and workers of different labour divisions (production vs. protection; pack house vs. protection) towards health impacts: skin rush, appetite loss, stomach cancer, birth defects, reproductive system damage, dizziness and impaired sight. Males perceived in a better way than females since farms gave special focus to male workers in the protection section 27(8.9%) and they engaged using the required health protective gears. Further, in flower farms, most of the proposed health impact mitigation measures were poorly implemented.
Conclusion: Workers perception differences were occurred due to a particular attention to male workers in protection labour division; hence the regional EFWPDA should do the proper supervision and follow up for effective implementation of health impact mitigation measures
Investigating the Growth and Yield of Upland Rice Using Application of Trichocompost and NPK Fertilizers at Dry Land
No full textUpland rice production at South Sumatra is still low compared to national average production level due to low soil fertility. Therefore, effort to increase soil fertility level is needed such as through application of Trichocompost and NPK fertilizers at dry land area. This research objective was to determine the application effect of Trichocompost produced from rice straw and NPK fertilizers on the growth and yield of upland rice crop of henic strain at dry land area. The methods used in this research was a 2 by 3 Factorial in Completely Randomized Design with two treatment factors and three replications for each treatment. Trichocompost fertilizer treatments (T) were consisted of: T0 (without Trichocompost: 0 ton/ha; T1: 10 ton/ha Trichocompost; T2: 20 ton/ha Trichocompost and T3: 30 ton/ha Trichocompost, whereas NPK fertilizer treatments (P) were consisted of: P1: 200 kg NPK/ha; P2: 300 kg NPK/ha and P3: 400 kg NPK/ha. All data from this research was analyzed using Analysis of Variance to determine the given treatment effect by using SPSS 17.0 software. The results showed that application of Trichocompost produced from rice straw and NPK fertilizers had effect on the growth and yield of upland rice of henic strain at dry land area. Application of Trichocompost fertilizer produced from rice straw at dose of 30 ton/ha and NPK fertilizer at dose of 400 kg/ha tend to produce higher rice yield with magnitude of 4.6 kg/plot than that of other treatments
Plant Regeneration from Mature Inflorescence of Date Palm by Using Moringa Extract
No full textPlant tissue culture is becoming an important technique for the massive propagation of date palm and the available source lead to the success of this process. The mature female inflorescence is a novel and available source for in vitro propagation of date palm, nowadays become needed at the large scale to usage of organic nature materials in agriculture practice which are rich in plant growth regulators as well as micro elements. This study describes in vitro plant regeneration from mature female inflorescence explants of evaluating date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by using the methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves which has great potential to be used as a natural source of nutraceutical in micropropagation. Mature inflorescences explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of an extract of Moringa leaves with or without add TDZ at 0.2 and 0.6 BA mg/l. Indoles, phenols, proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates were determined. The addition of different concentrations of an extract of Moringa oleifera leaves with TDZ at 0.2 and 0.6 BA mg/l gave the highest significant average percentage of callus formation, friable callus, germination of embryos and numbers of embryos comparing with other treatments. Also, given the highest significant values of free amino acids and carbohydrates were noted in callus and embryo germination stage
An Assessment of the Benefits and Period of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant Growth Regulation and the Level of Fertilizer Influential Tomato Development (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
No full textData on tomato fitness improvement by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) remain patchy. The present study was initiated to evaluate the effect of the period of AMF inoculation as well as the level of mineral manure on tomato growth. The experiment took place from June to October 2016, in the West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use greenhouse. AMF inocula were applied to seeds and/or transplants, each receiving three different levels of chemical fertilizer. The impact of the inoculation period and the level of fertilization, were assessed on plant growth parameters, including height, number of functional leaves, root-collar diameter, and root length. Observation of hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles was carried out by roots staining method and anabled the determination of mycorrhization parameters. Plants Mycorrhizal dependence was assessed with their fresh and dry mass. An analysis of variance and post ANOVA analysis was performed using the Newman-Keuls test (P= .05) for the comparison of means. The findings pointed that, when transplanting, the difference between mycorrhized plants and non-mycorrhized ones was very highly significant in terms of the height of the stem (P= .00), the length of the taproot, and the root collar diameter. The lower the level of manure was, the higher the frequency of infection has been (73.33% for MS1 and MSR1; 76.67% for MR1).Transplants growing without a supply of mineral manure expressed greater mycorrhizal dependence (66% for MSR1). Arbuscular mycorrhization of the tomato is profitable for its optimal development. The endomycorrhization of tomato can be done during sowing or transplanting with the same benefits but, with a low level of fertilizer. So, it’s necessary to controll the intake of mineral manure because it influences the natural mycorrhization of plants
Funding of Agricultural Public Extension Service in a Deregulated Economy: A Study of Ebonyi State, Nigeria
No full textFunding of Ebonyi State Nigeria Agricultural Public Extension Service in a deregulated economy was studied. The specific objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; identify the major recommended packages/technologies and services extended to the farmers and examine the trend in the funding of agricultural extension services from 2001 to 2010. A total of 240 contact farmers were selected using a multistage random sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found that majority (65.42%) of the respondents were males; had a mean age of 49 years, married; had a relatively large household size of 8 persons; and relatively low educational status. Average farm holding was 0.90 ha and personal savings were the major sources of farm finance. Government funding of the agricultural public extension dwindled throughout the period with budget estimate at the peak of N220.4 m recorded in 2013 and the lowest of about N69.3 m in 2001, whereas the highest actual expenditure was about N99.5 m in 2010 and the lowest amount of about N37.1 m was also recorded in 2009. A big difference between the budget estimate and actual expenditure was observed in 2009 with a budget deficit of about 46.5%. The amount farmers were willing to pay for extension services was not also stable with the highest amount of about N9.2 m in 2005 and least amount of N800,000.00 in 2003. The amount expended by government was higher than the amount farmers are willing to pay with 98.2% difference in 2004. The study indicated that the proportion of farmers willing to pay for extension services is low. This could lead to reduced adoption and utilization of improved technologies and decline in farmers’ and farm productivity in a deregulated economy. Recommendations such as educating farmers on cost of extension services and the need for their contribution, backing up extension services with interest free loans, deregulating extension services in a gradual process and in phases, and improving the country’s educational system were made among others
Evaluation of Fungicide against Taro Leaf Blight Disease Caused by Phytophthora colocasiae in Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Cameroon
No full textGlobally the taro leaf blight (Phytophthora colocasiae) disease causes between 50 to 70% yield loss. Four taro landraces were planted in three agroecological zones of Cameroon; the Western Highlands (Bambui), Mono-Modal Humid Forest (Ekona), and the Bimodal Humid Forest (Nkolbisson) and evaluated for taro blight severity in four successive growing seasons in March and July, 2018 and 2019. Different concentrations of copper oxide (600 g)–Metalaxyl (120 g) fungicide were applied to control taro blight before and during plant growth. Results showed that, in all the field sites, the disease severity of Phytophthora colocasiae greatly decreased below 1.5 with varying concentrations of copper oxide (600 g)–Metalaxyl (120 g) fungicide applied at two-week intervals. The control field at Ekona recorded the highest taro blight severity of 7.8. There was no significant difference in taro blight severity (P≤0.05) between landraces treated with the different concentrations of copper oxide (600 g)–Metalaxyl (120 g) fungicide. Therefore, lower concentrations (0.33% and 0.27%) of copper oxide (600 g)–Metalaxyl (120 g) can be effectively used in the pre and post control of taro blight in the field. All the landraces in the screen house experiments were susceptible to P. colocasiae. In all the zones, Landrace L2 (red petiole small leaves) was highly resistant to P. colocasiae and should be recommended to farmers for optimum taro production in the three agro-ecological zones and zones with similar characteristics
Influence of Date of Sowing on Growth and Yield Performance of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes
No full textAn experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during October 2014 to March 2015 to study the growth and yield performance of field pea varieties as influenced by date of sowing. The experiment comprised of two factors namely, date of sowing and variety. Date of sowing comprised of 29 October, 13 November and 28 November and the variety comprised of BARI motor-1, BADC motor-1, Natore local and Narail local. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The results indicate that all the growth characters were varied significantly at different days after. Those growth characters except leaf area index were highest for the crop sown on 28 November. The growth characters were highest in variety Natore local and lowest in Narail local except dry matter it was lowest in BADC motor-1. The interaction effect of 28 November sowing, Natore local was highest for all of the growth parameters except leaf area index it was highest on 13 November sowing and the interaction on 29 October sowing BARI motor-1 gave the lowest value. Most of the yield contributing parameters significantly affected by sowing date. The highest seed yield (827.7 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters were found on early sowing (13 November) and the lowest seed yield (534 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters was at 28 November sowing. Variety had significant effect on yield and yield contributing parameters. The highest seed yield (1032.2 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (3221.35 kg ha-1) was obtained from Natore local while Narail local gave lowest (469.1 kg ha-1) seed yield and lowest Stover yield. The interaction of 13 November with Natore local gave the highest seed yield (1319.3 kg ha-1) and lowest seed yield was produced by Narail local (330.35 kg ha-1) by late sowing (28 November). It can be concluded that, vegetative growth were highest at 28 November sowing and yield components gave highest value on 13 November sowing. Highest yield was produced by Natore local at 13 November sowing but yield was reduced drastically when the crop sown on 28 November. So, it is clear that the optimum date of sowing for field pea is at 13 November
Management of Conflicts Linked to Pastoral Resource Organizations in the El-Bayadh Region (Case of Brézina), Algeria
No full textEconomic, social and political transformations have a manifest effect on the relationships that the various actors have with steppe resources. Highlighting the multiplicity of actors explains the development of conflicts over the use of this resource.
The present work aims, on the one hand, to shed light on the problem of conflicts in the Brezina area, in particular the identification of conflicts and the analysis of the various socio-economic issues of these conflicts. And on the other hand, to study the different mechanisms contributing to the management and neutralization of these conflicts, and consequently, to ensuring sustainable local development of this territory.
The results of joint classification obtained in our groups of surveys presenting similar declarations to carry out classes of authorized variables. The suitability of the variables in these measurement classes seems to reveal the same capabilities of representations. In the most important variances attains 100%. that of these key variables, to maintain good relations with local authorities (Mbr1), and the impact of the presence of nomads in the territories (Pnt), and more than 90% for an essential role of controlling farmers and breeders (Rec), They are effective in conflict management (Egc), these aspects reveal the strategy of these breeders in the management of resources in the territory. The index of the alpha value of the determined cronbach, shows satisfactory results around 0.887%.It should be noted that conflict resolution is closely linked to cultural specificities, community structures and the mode of communication between users. This resolution currently remains difficult and ambiguous because of the presence of several actors ; users of steppe areas, and of a multi-institutional system