Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Effect of Type and Dose of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Growth and Yield of Citronella Grass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) in Former Mining Area Land in Sawahlunto
No full textAims: The study aimed to determine the type and dose of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to growth and yield of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) in former mining area land in Sawahlunto, West Sumatera, Indonesia.
Study Design: Factorial completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in shade net house of Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia from September 2021-January 2022.
Methodology: Two factors were used in the study. First factor was types of Arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus sp., Gigapora sp. dan multispores (Glomus sp. + Gigaspora sp.) and the second factor was AMF doses that consisted of four degrees, 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g/plant. The experiment result was analyzed by using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in 5% and continued by using Duncan’s New Multople Range Test (DNMRT) in 5%.
Results: Type of AMF multispores in 20 g/ plant could number of tiller. Dose 20 g/plant could plant height and number of leaves. AMF multispores only increased number of tiller and net assimilation rate.
Conclusion: Type and dose of AMF affected the agronomy parameter of citronella grass in former mining area land
Effect of Different Nitrogen Concentration on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Sweet Potato (Ipomea Batatas [L.] Lam) Cultivated in Soilless Culture System
No full textThe soilless culture system effectively promotes plant growth by facilitating water and nutrient uptake by plant roots. To increase sweet potato production (Ipomoea batatas), we developed containerized planting in which tuberous roots were grown in solid substrates in the polybags supplied with a nutrient solution through an irrigation system. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different nitrogen concentrations on sweet potato plant growth performance, yield, and tuber quality cultivated using a soilless culture system. The experimental setup included five treatments (T1-T5) with different levels of N (0-50-150-200-250 mg L-1), which were mixed in the nutrient solution, while P and K levels were held constant at 150 and 200 mg L-1 respectively. After three months of cultivation, there were significant differences between treatments in terms of plant growth performance, yield and tuber quality. Plants cultivated in the 250 mg L-1 of N showed the highest growth rate including plant height, shoot and leaves fresh weight, number of tillers, SPAD values, number of leaves, and diameter of tillers compared to other treatments. Data also revealed that the highest tuber yield was obtained from plants treated with 200 mg L-1 of N. Tuber harvested from the treatment of 200 mg L-1 of N showed the best quality in terms of Brix value, moisture content and tuber shape and length. Therefore, planting sweet potatoes using a soilless culture system is recommended with the application of 200 mg L-1 of N to obtain the optimum plant performance in terms of growth, yields, and tuber quality
Effect of Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Local Aman Rice Cultivar
No full textTo identify suitable nitrogen management practices for local fine and aromatic rice cultivars an experiment was carried out at Farmer’s field at Jointapur, Sylhet region of Bangladesh during the period from August 2017 to December 2017. The experiment was replicated thrice in randomized complete block design assigning factor A: rice cultivars viz. Beruin (V1), Moinasail (V2), Nagrasail (V3) and, BRRI dhan49 (Control, check variety) (V4) and factor B: N sources viz. N 100% chemical (F1) , 50% N from FYM + 50% from Urea (F2) , 50% N from Vermicompost+ 50% from Urea (F3) and farmers practice (F4). Nutrients P,K, S and Zn (100%) were supplied from chemical sources of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate, respectively. Only N was supplied from different organic and inorganic (urea) sources. Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 140-33-38 kg ha-1 of NPK for farmers’ practice, 90-15-60-12-1 kg ha-1 N, P, K, S and Zn for the variety of BRRI dhan49 and 45-9-33-9-1 kg ha-1 N, P, K, S and Zn for 3 local rice varieties. The results indicate that, BRRI dhan49 (V4) gave the highest yield (2.97 t ha-1) among the varieties. Among the local varieties Nagrasail (V3) gave the highest yield (2.24 t ha-1). In case of farmers practice, highest grain yield was obtained F4 (3.50t ha-1) followed by F1 (2.32 t ha-1). Interaction effect also revealed, the highest grain yield (3.23 t ha-1) in (V4× F4). Among the local varieties Nagrasail gave highest grain yield (2.58 t ha-1) along with F4. Farmer’s practice fertilizer management is a promising option, and Nagrasailis the best one for local T. aman cultivars cultivation in Sylhet region of Bangladesh
Role of RNA –Binding Proteins in Controlling Cell to Cell Communication and Molecular Trafficking in Plants
No full textCell to Cell communication is the most important process in all living organisms. This communication network is essential for growth, differentiation, development and metabolic functions. As plant cell has a rigid cell wall so there are some special ways for using communication network through a special structure called Plasmodesmata. The messages from the DNA of dividing cells pass signals or messages to other cells through RNA molecules. But RNA molecules cannot pass independently to other cells, so some proteins are needed that are bound to RNA (RNA-binding Proteins). These proteins actually carry signals from one cell to another. In plants plasmodesmata is very small that carries only water and micronutrients. But it has been noted that its size is not constant but is very dynamic where their sizes can change according to their need. The role of plasmodesmata and RNA-binding proteins in communication as well as their roles in molecular trafficking have been discussed
Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extracts from Two Species of Corchorus Genus: Corchorus aestuans L. and Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae)
No full textAims: Corchorus aestuans and Corchorus olitorius are two species of the genus commonly mentioned in Côte d\u27Ivoire as medicinal plants whose leaves decoctions are used to treat various diseases. To avoid cases of intoxication in traditional treatments, this study evaluates the acute toxicity of these plant species by having mice gorge on increasing doses of crude aqueous extract.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY University (Côte d\u27Ivoire), between march 2016 and september 2016.
Methodology: To assess the acute toxicity of the two extracts, we used 110 mice of SWISS breed. These animals aged four to six weeks were of both sexes (55 mice for each sex) and weighed between 13 and 26 g. Before the manipulations, the animals were fasted 12 hours before being divided into 11 batches of 10 mice receiving extract 1 (Corchorus aestuans) and extract 2 (Corchorus olitorius). We observed the effets of each phytomedecine on mice in different batches.
Results: Aqueous extracts of Corchorus aestuans and Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae), administered orally, exert a dose-response effect. Concerning toxicity activities, Corchorus olitorius is not toxic. However, Corchorus aestuans is slightly toxic in the conditions of this study. The dose which kills half of the animals (LD 50 ) is 3999.93 mg/kg by oral voice (vo). This dose is the threshold of toxicity of the plant in the conditions of this study. Fortunately, this toxicity threshold is not accessible in therapy. The phytomedicine, in the conditions of use in traditional medicine in Côte d\u27Ivoire, is not toxic.
Conclusion: The two plant species thus offer an interesting margin of safety, which is reassuring as to the use of the decoction, for the treatment of various pathologies
Effectiveness of Some Bio-pesticides in Managing Major Lepidopteran Insect Pests of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)
No full textAims: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some bio-pesticides applied against major insect pests of cabbage.
Study Design: With three replications, the experiment was set up in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment took place in the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University\u27s experimental field in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from October 2019 to January 2020.
Methodology: Seven treatments, viz. T1 (Abamectin 1.2EC @ 1 ml/L of water); T2 (Azadirachtin 1EC @ 1 ml/L of water); T3 (Potassium salt of fatty acid @ 1 ml/L of water); T4 (Spinosad 45SC @ 1 ml/L of water); T5 (Bacillus thuringiensis @ 1 ml/L of water); T6 (Abamectin + Bacillus thuringiensis @ 1 ml/L of water) and T7 (untreated control) were used. All the treatments were applied at ten days interval.
Results: Among the management practices, the lowest mean leaf infestation by cabbage caterpillar (6.00 leaves/5 plants) and diamondback moth larvae (4.48 leaves/5 plants) was found in Spinosad treated plot that reduced the highest leaf infestation over control (62.02% and 49.85 % respectively); whereas the highest infestation by cabbage caterpillar (15.80 leaves/5 plants) and diamondback moth larvae (8.93 leaves/5 plants) was found in un-treated plot. The lowest cabbage head infestation (21.37%) was recorded in Spinosad treatment, that gave the highest yield of cabbage (36.40 t/ha) followed by Abamectin (34.07 t/ha).
Conclusion: From the above study it was found that, the treatment T4 comprised of Spinosad 45SC @ 1 ml/L of water at 10 days interval produced the highest performance compared to all other treatments used under the present study
Identifying Agri-Entrepreneurship Intention of Youth Engage in Agricultural Education: Referring Theory of Planned Behavior in Developing Context
No full textAgricultural sector is becoming less attractive for young people, especially in educated youth, in an increasing rate, which has become a global trend. One of the dominant factors which support the development of the youth agri-entrepreneurship intention while boosting the economy of the country is the agriculture education. The study aims to identify the factors that influencing entrepreneurial intention of youth engage in agricultural education in Sri Lanka. The study mainly allied with the conceptual extension of the theory being proposed through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and analyzed three main factors; perceived behavior, subjective norms, and personal attitude towards outcome, that can create effects. The scope of the study included undergraduates who were undertaking studies in the agricultural spectrum. Quantitative research approach was employed and primary data were collected utilizing a structured questionnaire. The results indicated that the agri-entrepreneurship intention among Sri Lankan university students are mostly influenced through their personal attitudes and perceived behaviors while the subjective norms have a lack of impact when compared with the studies that have been conducted in other countries. The results of the study could serve as the major guidelines to address the content that was lacking in entrepreneurial education in the agricultural spectrum. The study presents the areas through which the developments in education can be made and these can be used as the major focus areas for educators, policy makers and the students
Investigating Level of Inbreeding and Its Effects on Productive Traits of Napri X Broiler Chickens
No full textInbreeding refers to the mating together of individuals that are more closely related than would be the case if mating was at random. In this study, we investigate inbreeding and its effect on productive traits in NAPRI X broiler chickens. Traits measured were bodyweight and morphometric traits (Neck length, back length, keel length, breast length, thigh length and shank length). Pedigree information which consists of the base generation, 1060 (sire line) and 341 (dam line) birds; in generation 1, there were 565 (sire line selection), 859 (dam line selection), 433 (sire line control), and 592 (dam line control); and in generation 2, there were 595 (sire line selection), 764 (dam line selection), 457 (sire line control), and 654 (dam line control) were used to calculate inbreeding using J.M.P genomics software. Inbreeding significantly (p<0.05) influenced bodyweight and morphometrics in a positive direction (0.020 -1.052) though some of the traits are tending to zero. The trend in inbreeding coefficient was quadratic from the base generation to the second generation with a range of 0.38-0.81 in SLS, 0.41-0.96 in DLS, 0.51-0.80 in SCL and 0.30-1.03 in DCL. It is therefore concluded that there is a gradual build-up of inbreeding in NAPRI X population thus, the use of mate allocation programs is hereby recommended to put a limit or constraint on the level of inbreeding for the future progeny of NAPRI X broiler chickens
Microbiological Assessment of Fishes Caught in the Two Major Fishing Ground in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State (Water Works River and Ogbese River)
No full textMicrobial contamination of food is the main obstacle of ensuring food safety. For this, it’s paramount to ascertain the safety of fish caught in the major waters in Ado Ekiti( Water works and Ogbese river). 22 (11 each)fish sample was randomly caught from both rivers in Ado Ekiti Metropolis.The research was conducted in May,2021. After standard microbiological and biochemical Test. The total bacteria count (TBC) for all the fish samples ranged between 0.46 x 104 and 0.95 x 104 cfu/g . Out of the 22 fish samples analyses for TBC, a sample from Water works dam had the highest number of bacteria with 0.95 x 104 cfu/g. The Ogbese sample 4 had the lowest isolation with 0.46 x 104 cfu/g. The study demonstrated the occurrence of bacterial isolates such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtili, Micrococcus luteus and Proteus vulgaris bacteria. This analysis indicated the incidence of fish contamination. These isolates are potential pathogens and their presence can pose health risks to humans especially immunocompromised individuals and children in particular when the levels of Staphylococcus aureus in the fish is considerably high, and the fish is not properly processed or cooked. Public education on the need for proper environmental sanitation to reduce bacteria load should be emphasized by the State government and sanction to be imposed on defaulters. Good hygienic practice aimed at minimizing the microbial load of fish must be ensured
In-vitro Biocontrol of Sugarcane Stem Borer (Eldana saccharina Walker) with Essential Oils from Aromatic Plants
No full textStudy Design and Objectives: Sugar cane production is threatened by the devastating action of the larval populations of Eldana saccharina Walker. Faced with this situation, the search for sustainable control solutions is a major challenge for sugar producers. This study contributes to the control of the larval populations of the pest through the use of formulations based on essential oils of local aromatic plants.
Methodology: Bioassays on the survival of the larvae were therefore conducted in the laboratory at the Sucrivoire site in Zuénoula. The larvae obtained from the eggs, incubated for 5 days were reared on a nutritional medium and then transferred to empty dishes after one week. Essential oils from the hydrodistillation of three aromatic plants (Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale) were used. Five concentrations of these essential oils (1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 10000-ppm) were tested by direct contact on batches of 10 larvae for a total of 30 larvae/concentration. Dead larvae were counted daily and the mortality rate was calculated after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure.
Results: As early as 24 hours, larval mortality was significant (P<0.001) from 2000-ppm for Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum essential oils. They caused larval mortality of 63.33 and 80% respectively. Zingiber officinale induced a significant mortality of 80% from 4000-ppm. After 72 hours of exposure of the larvae to the essential oils, the mortality rate increased significantly with the concentration (P<0.001). The lowest lethal concentrations for 50 and 90% (841.77 and 1905.06 ppm, respectively) were obtained with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum.
Conclusion: The use of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale can help to control Eldana saccharina Walker larval borers for better sugarcane production