Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Occurrence, Distribution and Farmers\u27 Perceptions of Cassava Diseases in Gabon, Central Africa
No full textAims: In order to identify and assess the level of cassava diseases in farms present in Gabon, disease surveys were carried out across the country in 2021 and 2022.
Methodology: The method used is based on administration of questionnaire to cassava growers, supplemented by the recognition of disease symptoms on 30 randomly selected plants in farms.
Results: Some 201 cassava growers were interviewed, 84.04% (n=169) of them were women and 15.92% (n=32) men. Nearly 65.41% of the farmers interviewed had a primary school education and were aged between 51 and 55. The majority of these producers had farming as their main activity (89.73%). The results showed the occurrence of five cassava diseases in the study area: cassava mosaic (Im = 60.22%; Sm = 2.95), anthracnose (Im = 19.45%; Sm = 3), leaf necrosis (Im= 9.95%; Sm = 2.71), bacteriosis (Im = <1%; Sm = 3), and root rot (Im = <1%; Sm = 2.61). Among these diseases, mosaic was the most frequently observed in the provinces surveyed. Its incidence was lowest in Estuaire (38.40%) and highest in Ogooué-Ivindo (71.36%) and Ogooué-Maritime (71.76%). Anthracnose incidence was lowest in Moyen-Ogooué (4.05%) and highest in Haut-Ogooué (36.50%). For leaf necrosis, Woleu-Ntem (0.71%) and Ogooué-Ivindo (31.11%) recorded the lowest and highest incidence respectively.
Conclusion: In order to control these cassava diseases, it is important to initiate and implement awareness campaigns and training workshops for growers to encourage them to adopt good farming practices
Evaluation of Seven Phenoxyacetic Acid Drifts on Morphological Parameters of Three Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties under Controlled Sowing Conditions in Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textRice, the main food of the population in Côte d\u27Ivoire, has a low yield. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of phenoxyacetic acid derivatives to boost the vegetative parameters of rice was conducted in Azaguié using a split-plot design. The rice varieties WA638-1, C26, Nérica 2 and seven phenoxyacetic acid derivatives were used. Three rice seeds of each variety were sown in pots. One seedling per variety was de-mated at 7 DAS. Volumes of 150, 180, and 225 ml concentrated at 10-5 M, 10-7 M, and 10-9 M were applied to the leaves on 15, 20, and 25 DAS, respectively. Height, number of tillers, girth and vigor index were determined. The results showed that treatment T7 improved the height of WAB638-1 to 6.75% and tillering to 366.6%. The vigor index was increased to 9.52% by T8 treatment and girth to 80.37% by T20. The formation of C26 tillers was favored at 171% by the T7 treatment, the girth at 83.17% by T21, the vigor index at 10 % by T21 and at 7.50% by the T14 and T8 treatments. In Nérica 2, vigor index and girth were positively induced at 15.15% and 34.83 % by T19 respectively. The vigor index was also promoted at 12.12% by treatments T20 and T21 and the number of tillers was improved at 150% by T13 and T19. As for height, it was stimulated to 22.39 % by the T14 treatment. The height of C26 was reduced except for T12, the vigor index was decreased to 2.50% by treatments T15, T17 and T3, the tillering to 66.70% by T4. The height of WAB638-1 was inhibited to 2.56% with T1 treatments. Treatments T13, T14, T7, T8, T19 and T20 were those that improved the observed parameters
Sustainable Rural Ecological Environments: An Investigation of Agricultural Tourism Integration in Hunan Province, China
No full textAims: The integration of agriculture and tourism represents a pivotal breakthrough point in realizing rural revitalization. To ensure sustainable development and attain ecological livability, there is a pressing need to investigate the impact mechanism of agricultural tourism integration on rural ecological environments.
Study Design: This study examines the current state of agricultural tourism integration and ecological livability in Hunan Province, China. The research constructs an influence mechanism to assess the impact of agricultural tourism integration on the rural ecological environment, utilizing empirical data covering the cities and prefectures of Hunan Province from 2015 to 2021.
Results: Our findings indicate a significant correlation between agricultural tourism integration and the rural ecological environment. However, whether such integration has a positive effect on the environment depends on the availability of scientific and reasonable development plans.
Conclusion: The results of this research offer critical insight into the impacts of agricultural tourism integration on rural ecological environments. In particular, the data demonstrate the importance of eco-friendly practices and biodiversity conservation when engaging in agricultural tourism integration as a way of promoting ecological sustainability in rural areas. Such evidence is essential to understanding the relation between agricultural tourism integration and rural ecological sustainability
Crop Production in Irrigation Schemes in Turkana County, Kenya, Before and During COVID-19 (2018-2021)
No full textTurkana County, located in the northwest of Kenya, is an arid county and the poorest in the country, with a poverty index of 79.3% vs. 34.4% for the country. Due to its aridity, crop production is severely constrained and the County is a net importer of foodstuffs, except beef, mutton and camel meats. Crop production in the operating irrigation schemes depends on water from retreat flooding in March-May and any that is let into and retained in canals when the seasonal rivers are flowing. This project aimed to assess the influence of COVID-19 and other undetermined factors on crop production in 10 irrigation schemes along the Tirkwell River, over the period 2018-2021. The study administered a semi-structured questionnaire to 104 randomly selected farmers, who owned farm plots in the irrigation schemes. One-on-one interviews were held, due to the high level of illiteracy of the respondents. Twelve elders and administrators were the key informants. The study established that sorghum was the dominant crop grown in 9 out of the schemes, except in Kooliyoro-Kaaiteese, where maize was the main crop. Other crops in declining order by production volume included cowpeas, green grams, black grams and in Keekoroe-ngole, some green vegetables. The weight of the dominant crop and other crops varied significantly (p≤ 0.05) in the same irrigation scheme across the years of interest for this study, and also across the irrigation schemes over the production period. The results of the study showed that COVID-19 breakout did not affect crop production in the irrigation schemes studied. Farmer poverty level, lack of expert extension services, use of uncertified and reused seed, unreliable water supply, and regular droughts affected crop production. The most productive 3 schemes in descending order by crop production volumes were Nanyee, Napool and Keekoroe-ngole, while Naremit was the least productive. Crop production suffers from long-term sustainability in all the schemes for most of the above reasons. To improve crop production, the study recommends the provision of expert extension services, a steady water supply, annual donation of certified seeds, improvement in crop-care services, streamlining crop marketing services and the upgrade of governance and management capability in the irrigation schemes
Influence of Rhizobium and Virus Inocula on Growth and Yields of Cowpea: A Mini-review
No full textCowpea is a nutritional grain consumed especially in developing countries of the tropical and subtropical regions. It is prone to attack in its entire stages of growth by pathogens and pests such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and insects. Organisms, whether microbes, plants or animals interact both in isolated and complex systems. These interactions could be plant-plant, plant-microbe, microbe-microbe or microbe-microbe-plant interaction to complete the process of the food web. While some interactions are healthy and beneficial to the parties involved in the relationship, some others are unhealthy and harmful. This review has as its focus microbe-microbe interaction and effects on nodulation and yields of cowpea, with a view to examining the impacts on the sustainability of the food production system. A good knowledge of such interactions could help improve productivity and may allow the development of new strategies for plant protection and the control of parasites as well as for increasing crop yields. Hence this article assesses the influence of rhizobium and virus on cowpea nodulation and yields with a view to evaluating their contributory effects and assessing their individual potency in the interaction
Effects of Mineral Nutrition on Iron Toxicity Severity, Leaf Chlorophyll Levels and Grains Solubles Sugar of Floody Lowland Ratoon Rice (Oryza sp) Nerica L 14 under Rainfed Regime
No full textField fertilization trials were conducted on 15 cm high rice stubble in lowland rainfed rice to determine mineral nutrition (N-, P-, K-, Ca-, Mg-, and Zn-) effects on iron toxicity, agromorphological parameters, average contents of leaf chlorophyll and grains soluble sugar contents of Nerica L 14. Four complete block design of seven randomized treatments was used. Results indicate that iron toxicity occurred in unfertilized ratoon crops grown on undeveloped gleysol containing some iron concretions in upper layer. Characteristic symptoms covered about 6-25% of the field. Nitrogen fertilization totally corrected these symptoms, significantly increased (p = 0.00) chlorophyll a (0.21 mg.g-1 FL), b (0.30 mg.g-1 FL) and total (0.51 mg.g-1 FL) average contents of the three primaries functional leaves, height (60.11 cm) and tillering (8.56 tillers/plant) average of ratoon rice. In addition, Zn applied to soil induced an increase in grains soluble sugar content (3.23 mg glucose/g DM). Conclusion: iron toxicity, mainly caused by antagonism between Fe2+ and K+ as well as Fe2+ and Mg2+, also remains a constraint to rice ratoon cultivation. Its effects on agromorphological and agrophysiological parameters can be corrected by mineral fertilization and nitrogen applies particularly
Analysis and Strategy of Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) Cultivation of Rawit Capsicum (Capsicum frutescens L.) in Tidore Eastern
No full textFarmers in Tidore City of the Islands grow a lot of capsicum frutescens as a horticultural product. Initiatives to increase production and close the production gap between the regions must go hand in hand with the government\u27s efforts to make Tidore Island City a ravit pepper supplier in Northern Maluku. The cultivation technique is one of the reasons for the variance in raw pepper production. The study\u27s goal is to investigate the level of application of Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) in pepper growing in the Eastern Tidore district and the techniques that can be used to affect GAP implementation. The study was conducted in Tidore City Eastern District, Northern Maluku Province. Purposive sampling is a sample-taking approach in which respondents were chosen at random from among 100 farmers, with the criterion of farmers who had been attempting to rawit pepper for more than 5 years. Land location (X1), soil preparation and planting media (X2), seed quality (X3), planting and maintenance (X4), fertilizer (X5), plant protection (X6), pesticides (X7), harvest (X8), post-harvesting (X9), and waste and rubbish handling (X10) are the ten assessment parameters. Descriptive analysis, Likert scale, and SWOT analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the study findings, farmers\u27 grasp of GAP is rather excellent, and the rate of GAP implementation has an average score of 2.70 in the reasonably good category. The S-O strategy, which, with soil fertility, has both the potential to expand the development of horticultural crops as well as the knowledge and skills of farmers sufficiently skilled in chili cultivation techniques, can increase the production of chili rawit in the Eastern Tidore district
Association of Two Unknown Pythium spp. without Forming Sexual Structures on Root Rot of Hydroponically Grown Welsh onion
No full textAims: Aim of this study was to elucidate association of Pythium isolates without forming sexual structures on root rot of hydroponically grown Welsh onion, as well as to clarify their taxonomic positions.
Place and Duration of Study: Commercial hydroponic greenhouses in Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, and Osaka Metropolitan University, between March 2020 and March 2021.
Methodology: Total 2,966 isolates of Pythium-like organs were isolated from the plant roots during the survey period. All the isolates didn’t form any sexual organs, and were separated into three groups based on colony patterns on agar media such as cornmeal agar. Among of them, 236 isolates were equally selected from each three groups. Since two of the three groups were thought to be first records on Welsh onion, 17 representative isolates from the two groups were examined on morphology, hyphal growth response to temperatures and sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and mitochondrial COI. Inoculation tests were performed on Welsh onion seedlings under a hydroponic condition by using one representative isolate from each group.
Results: The three groups were identified as Pythium Cluster B2a sp., B1d sp. and Clade A sp. on sequences of ITS and COI, respectively. Pythium isolates belonged to Pythium Cluster B1d and Clade A showed similar morphology and hyphal growth response to temperatures each other. Inoculation tests confirmed that both representative isolates from two groups cause roots rot of hydroponically grown Welsh onion 14 days after their inoculation. Pythium Cluster B1d showed stronger pathogenicity than Pythium Clade A.
Conclusion: The present study firstly demonstrated that Pythium Cluster B1d sp. and Clade A sp. which don’t form any sexual structures associate root rot of hydroponically grown Welsh onion
Gears and Modes of Exploitation of Edible Frogs in the Peri-Urban Localities of Man, Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textAims: The study carried out aimed to evaluate the modes of exploitation of edible frogs.
Place and Duration of Study: The present study was performed during the month of January to February 2022. The survey was conducted in the villages of Kassiapleu, Kouitongouiné and Gbangbégouiné. These villages are located in MAN (West of Côte d’Ivoire).
Methodology: Surveys have been carried out among actors exploiting this animal resource. The study involved 210 consumers and 15 frog harvesters in the locality of MAN. A well-structured questionnaire provided data on fishing techniques and frog consumption patterns.
Results: This study reveals that there are two main fishing methods: arrow fishing (57.1%) and hook and line fishing (42.9%). The catches are made in different humid ecological zones and the exploitation is only intended for local consumption. The smoked form is the most popular with consumers (59.5%). The majority of respondents consume this meat because of the taste (83.3%) compared to that of chicken (44.8%) and fish (31.4%).
Conclusion: In view of these results obtained, the establishment of a rational exploitation strategy must be considered for the conservation of edible frog species
Influence of Manganese on Nutrient Uptake in Rice Plants under Saline Conditions
No full textSalinity-induced nutritional disorders adversely affect the performance of crops. The consequence of salinity disorders may result on nutrient availability, competitive uptake, transport or partitioning within the plants. Present study was aimed to investigate the effects of Mn application on nutrient uptake contributing to the salinity tolerance of the rice. A hydroponic experiment was carried out in National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, on two rice varieties. Three NaCl salt concentrations, namely 0, 25, 50 mmol were used. Manganese sulphate was used for foliar and root application with four concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8 mg Mn L-1). Salinity decreased the uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in both applications methods while application of Mn increased the uptake of almost all the investigated macro and micronutrients. Root applications of Mn and foliar application methods were compared where root application method was found better for most of the nutrient uptake. Interaction effect i.e salinity × Mn treatment × methods of application was significant. The results showed that Mn application can improve the nutrient uptake capability contributing to the salinity tolerance in rice