Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Incidence of Root-Knot Nematode on Misai Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) in Peninsular Malaysia: A New Discovery
No full textA survey was conducted over one and half years to estimate the occurrence of root-knot nematode infestation on Ortosiphon stamineus (misai kucing) in selected locations around Peninsular Malaysia. Infestations were monitored in ten misai kucing plantation areas in Pulau Pinang, Perak, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor, Johor, Terengganu, and Kelantan. The survey indicated that misai kucing grown on sandy clay-type soil tends to be more susceptible to heavy root-knot nematode infestation. The highest frequency of disease incidence in which almost all the roots of misaim kucing have a knot-like appearance (100%) was reported from the Batu Kurau area. The other two locations, Ipoh and Pantai Baru, had mild infestations, and these were reported as 16% and 4% incidence. The methodology for access the damage caused by the root-knot nematodes in misai kucing, Meloidogyne gall index and its egg-mass index were calculated and these were found in the range of 1-4. The average egg mass from ten randomly selected stunted misai kucing plants from Batu Kurau was recorded as 599.4, with the highest number of 2274 egg mass per plant. Sampled plants showed the significant presence of Meloidogyne incognita. The root-knot nematodes were morphologically identified based on the perineal patterns of females and the head morphology of both Meloidogyne females and males
The Effect of Plant Spacing and Weeding Time on the Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
No full textThe need for cucumber continues to increase in line with the increase in population, living standards, education level and public awareness of the importance of nutritional value. Increasing cucumber crop production continues to be carried out through improved cultivation techniques, such as planting distance and weeding time. This study aims to determine the effect of various planting distances and weeding time on the growth and production of cucumber plants. This study used a factorial Group Randomized Design and three repeats. The factors studied consist of planting distance (J), namely planting distance 30 cm x 60 cm (J1), planting distance 40 cm x 60 cm (J2), and planting distance 50 cm x 60 cm (J3). Weeding time (W) treatment consists of weeding time 2 Week After Planting (WAP) (W1), weeding time 2 and 4 WAP (W2), and weeding time 2, 4 and 6 WAP (W3). The results showed that Plant distance and weeding time influence the growth and yield of cucumber plants. The combination of treatment with a planting distance of 40 cm x 60 cm and weeding two times (2 and 4 WAP) is the best treatment for influencing the growth and yield of cucumber plants. Weeding two times (2 and 4 WAP) was not significantly different from weeding three times (2, 4 and 6 WAP) on the growth and yield of cucumber plants. The highest SDR was at 40 x 60 cm planting distance (J2), which was 62.35%
Effect of Various Potting Media on the Growth and Root Development of Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spp.) Cuttings
No full textThe study aims to enhance the propagation efficiency of Bougainvillea, a popular ornamental plant, by evaluating the effects of different potting media on its growth and root development. The experiment was conducted over 180 days using Bougainvillea hardwood cuttings and was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The study revealed that a mixture of soil, sand, FYM, and vermicompost significantly improved plant height, stem girth, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, root weight, and survival rate compared to other treatments, highlighting its potential as an optimal potting medium for Bougainvillea propagation.The highest root length was recorded in the combination of Soil +Sand + Rice husk (1:1:1)
Bio-efficacy of Different Botanical Extracts on Aphis craccivora in Black Gram
No full textThe studies on “Bio-efficacy of botanical extracts against Aphis craccivora in black gram was carried out in the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. The black gram aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the major devastating and cosmopolitan-sucking pests in Blackgram. Bio-efficacy of Pongamia pinnata leaf extract 5 % and 10 %, Annona squamosa leaf extract 5% and 10%, Andrographis panniculata leaf extract 5% and 10% and Catharanthus roseus leaf extract 5% and 10% with Azadirachtin as a standard check it was evaluated on 3rd instar nymphs of Aphis craccivora on topical bioassay and feeding bioassay. In which C. roseus leaf extracts of 5% and 10% has shown the highest mortality rate on par with Azadirachtin 5% which is kept as a standard check
Effect of Foliar Spray of Panchagavya and Micro-nutrient on Growth Attributes and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Soils of Sand Loam
No full textThe present study highlights the effect of Foliar Spray of Panchagavya and Some Micro-nutrient on Growth Attributes and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Soils of Sand Loam. A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2023-24 at research farm, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatment consisted of three levels of Panchgavya (2, 4 and 6%), two level of micronutrients (B and Zn) (0.1 and 0.1%) and control. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (8.21), Organic Carbon (0.21%), Available N (134.5 kg/ha), Available P (21.13 kg/ha) and Available K (202.24 kg/ha). Seeds are sown at a spacing of 30 × 10 cm to a seed rate of 80 kg/ha. The application of Panchgavya 6% + Zn 0.1 % + B 0.1 % significantly increased the Plant height (61.87 cm), No. of nodules/plant (12.87), Dry matter accumulation (123.01 g), Number of Pods/plant (62.13), Number of seeds/pod (2.10), Seed yield (1641.35 kg/ha) and Stover Yield (3542 kg/ha) of chickpea over the control
Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Growth Performance of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.) CV. Mudigere-1
No full textThe present experiment was carried out during the year 2023-24 at the Nursery No. 4, College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra, India. The seven treatments replicated thrice comprising of various nitrogen levels (75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 kg/ha/year) with constant level of phosphorus (75 kg/ha/year) and potassium (200 kg/ha/year) and RDF of Kerala Agriculture University as control were tested under Randomized Block Design. The result obtained from the present experiment revealed that different nitrogen levels along with the constant phosphorus and potassium levels significantly affected the growth attributes of cardamom plants. At the end of the experiment (360 days after fertilizer application), the growth attributes viz., plant height (222.92 cm), plant spread (NS- 231.43 cm and EW- 215.44 cm), number of tillers (36.33) and number of leaves per tiller (16.00) were obtained maximum in treatment T5 (N: P2O5:K2O @ 150:75:200 kg/ha/year)
Impact of Neem Leaves and Stem Derived Smoke Water Treatment on Growth, Yield and Seedling Parameters of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) Genotype IC 329195
No full textBuckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), a nutrient-rich pseudocereal, is valued for its high protein content, essential amino acids, and adaptability to harsh environments, making it a vital crop for sustainable agriculture. However, enhancing its growth and yield under challenging conditions remains a focus of agricultural research. This study investigates the impact of neem leaves and stem-derived smoke water treatment on the growth, yield, and seedling traits of buckwheat genotype IC-329195 during the 2023 growing season at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and Randomized Block Design (RBD) were employed for laboratory and field experiments, respectively. The seeds were soaked for 18 hours in various concentrations of smoke water (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10%) before sowing. Significant enhancements were observed in key growth parameters, including field emergence percentage, plant height, and number of branches, with the highest values recorded in the 1% concentration treatment. However, as the smoke water concentration increased beyond 1%, there was a progressive decline in these parameters. The treatment also resulted in earlier flowering and improved yield attributes, such as seed yield per plant, which reached 35.47 g in the 1% concentration compared to 28.17 g in the untreated control. Seedling parameters, including germination percentage, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, and seed vigour indices, showed remarkable improvement, especially at 1% concentration. The findings highlight the efficacy of neem-derived smoke water as an organic treatment to enhance the growth and yield of buckwheat, supporting its application in sustainable agricultural practices to improve crop performance in challenging environments
Maximization of Productivity and Water Saving through Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation (AWDI) in Rice under Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project (TN IAMP) Aliyar Sub Basin Farmers of Tamil Nadu, India
No full textTN IAMP-II Aliyar sub basin scheme operated by Agricultural College and Research Institute (TNAU), Vazhavachanur, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu state has conducted large-scale front-line demonstrations on Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation (AWDI) practice in transplanted paddy growing in 11 villages of Tiruvannamalai district at 100 farmer’s holdings during kharif season of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The data on productivity, economics and water saving in demonstrated plots were compared with Flood irrigation 1200 mm (Farmer practice). The demonstrated plot yield was 64.2 q / ha compared with farmer practice (51.7 q / ha). The yield increase was 24.3 per cent. The extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 12.6 q ha-1, 5.8 q ha-1 and 8.29 per cent, respectively. The higher gross return (Rs. 128,443 ha-1), higher net return (Rs. 74,319ha-1) and B: C (2.38) was observed in demonstrated plot compared to farmers’ practice plot (Flood irrigation). Higher yield and returns due to reduced cost of cultivation, higher grain yield, net returns and more water saving in AWDI (24.7%).Water depth of 5 cm was maintained in the demo plot (T2) over the farmer’s practice (T1) (Water depth 30.0 cm) and the field water level was measured by Field water Tube. Created awareness and motivated the farmers to adopt AWDI practices in TN IAMP Phase II Aliyar sub basin of Tiruvannamalai district
Impact of Front Line Demonstration on Yield and Economics of Hybrid Rice Varieties (JRH-5 and JRH-19)
No full textThe objective of the present investigation was to assess the performance of two hybrid rice varieties namely, JRH-5 and JRH-19 under irrigated ecosystem by conducting Frontline demonstrations (FLDs) in three consecutive kharif seasons of the year 2016, 2017, and 2018, in the farmer\u27s fields located in the agro climatic zone of the Chhattisgarh plains. The FLDs were carried out using scientific package and practices of rice. The yield and economic data of the plots compared with the existing farmer practices and variety-MTU-1010 revealed that the FLDs with hybrid rice varieties JRH-19 and JRH-5 performed better. With the enhanced production technologies in FLDs with JRH-5 and JRH-19 and with only an additional input cost of Rs. 2742/ha, the mean grain yield increased by 28.21% over current farmer practices. The average extension gap (12.27 q/ha) and average IBCR (6.14) were high enough to encourage farmers to use the introduced rice production technology with the hybrids JRH-5 and JRH-19
Field Performance of Sesame Varieties under Rainfed Ecosystem in Southern Tamil Nadu, India
No full textIn Pudukottai district, sesame is cultivated in 3,000 ha and farmers are predominantly growing very old sesame variety TMV 3. This variety is more susceptible to pest and diseases which leads to increased cultivation cost towards plant protection measures as well as reduced yield and income. To overcome this problem, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Pudukkottai conducted On Farm Testing (OFT) in sesame varieties for promoting the high yielding varieties. Fifteen farmers were selected in different locations of Thiruvarankulam block, Pudukkottai district in Tamil Nadu. Critical inputs of seeds of sesame varieties like TMV 7 and G.Til 10 were distributed to the farmers. The plant physiological and yield parametersviz., plant height (cm), No. of branches, No. of capsules/ branch, capsule length (cm), seeds per capsule, Yield (q/ha) and BC ratio were recorded. The results revealed that, Among the sesame varieties tested, TMV 7 was recorded the maximum plant height (125 cm), number of branches (6.6), number of capsules per plant (43.5), capsules length ( 3.3 cm), No of seeds per capsule ( 57) which resulting in the highest yield of 7.8 q/ha followed by sesame G.Til 10 which recorded more plant height (120 cm), number of branches (6.0), number of capsules per plant (38.2) capsules length ( 3.1 cm), No of seeds per capsule ( 51) and yield of 7.3 q/ha compared to farmers variety cultivating variety TMV 3 which registered the lowest plant physiological parameters and yield (6.4 q/ha). The maximum B:C ratio was recorded in sesame variety TMV 7 (3.12) followed by G.Til 10 ( 2.92) over the variety TMV 3 (2.84). From this trial, it was concluded that, farmers are satisfied with the sesame TMV 7 variety for cultivation due to its low pest and disease incidence, higher yield and BC ratio