Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Effect of Biochar Application on Biochemical and Physiological Processes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Stress Condition
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Udaipur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-22 to evaluate the effect of water stress and biochar application on biochemical and physiological processes in wheat. The experiment consisted of four levels of water stress as main-plot and four levels of biochar as sub-plot treatments conducted in split plot design (SPD) replicated thrice. Results revealed that water stress at various growth stages and biochar application had effect on proline, chlorophyll and relative water content (RWC). Water stress at grain filling stages resulted in higher chlorophyll and relative water content as compared to no water stress. Further, water stress at tillering stages resulted in higher proline over no water stress. Application of biochar had no effect on proline and chlorophyll contents Further, application of Biochar @ 4 t/ha in significant relative water content
Effect of Micronutrients on Incidence, Damage Severity of Sucking Insect Pests of Sunflower and its Impact on Yield and other Arthropods
No full textAn experiment was conducted in a field on 23074/N latitude and 90035/E longitude at the central farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from November 2021 to April 2022. The experiment of eight treatments as follows: T1 = Urea @ 210 gm/plot + TSP @ 84gm/plot + MoP @ 98gm/plot [recommended doses (RD) of Urea, TSP and MoP] +Boron @ 7.0 gm/ Plot+ ZnSo4 @ 8.4 gm/ Plot ;T2 = RD of Urea, TSP and MoP +Spraying 0.2% Borax @ 2gm/ L of water; T3= RD of Urea, TSP and MoP +Spraying 0.2% ZnSo4 @ 2gm/ L of water; T4= RD of Urea, TSP and MoP +Spraying 0.5% Borax @ 5gm/ L of water; T5 RD of Urea, TSP and MoP +Spraying 0.2% Borax + 0.2% ZnSo4 @ 2gm/ L of water; T6 = Urea @ 210 gm/plot+ TSP @ 180 gm/plot+ MoP @ 150gm/plot + Spraying 0.5% ZnSo4 @ 5gm/ L of water; T7 = Urea @ 210 gm/plot+ TSP @ 180gm/plot+ MoP @ 150gm/plot+ MgSo4 @ 12 gm/ Plot and T 8= control. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The overall result indicates that the combination of different micronutrients decreased the incidence of sucking insect pests of sunflower and increased the abundance of beneficial arthropods compared to T8 treatment. In T1 treatment, the lowest leaf infestation percentage caused by aphid 17.49 and 19.50 %; Jassid 14.19 and 14.89 % and White fly 26.18 and 30.83 % at the vegetative and reproductive stages respectively. The highest number of beneficial arthropods per plot of lady bird beetle both adults and grubs ((3.63 and 5.53 respectively); honey bee (22.36), ant (3.55), spider (1.42) was also recorded in T1 treatment. The highest yield contributing characters of sunflower, the highest of head/ capitulam diameter (9.75cm), height of plant per plot (179.73 cm), leaf width (14.24 cm), leaf length (21.05 cm), area of leaves per plant (62.29 cm) and number of leaf per plant (21.93), number of total head per plot (29.83), number of seed per head (725.56), weight of single seed (1.03 mg), and weight of seed per head (54.96 gm) of sunflower were observed in T1 treatment which was statistically different from among all other treatments. The highest sunflower yield (1.92 kg /plot) and oil content (0.93 liter/2kg and 46.5%) were also observed from T1 treatment. Among the different micronutrient treatment combinations, different micronutrients using in T1 treatment were more effective for the reducing the incidence of sucking insect pests on sunflower. In the term of effect of micronutrients, T1= Recommended doses of Urea, TSP and MoP + Boron @ 7.0 gm/ Plot+ ZnSo4 @ 8.4 gm/ Plot; was an eco-friendly pest management practice for sunflower by which one can significantly reduce pest infestation without use of any chemical insecticides
Optimizing Insecticide Application: Evaluating Frequency and Timing for Effective Management of Pink Bollworm Infestation
No full textThe pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), a significant pest affecting cotton crops, necessitates an optimized approach to insecticide application. This study investigates the critical factors of frequency and timing in insecticide application to enhance the efficacy of pest control measures. An experiment conducted at the Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS), University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur, focused on managing pink bollworm in Bt cotton using newer insecticides registered for cotton. Various spray frequencies and intervals were tested as part of an ETL (Economic Threshold Level) and prophylactic spray regimen. The results indicated that the treatment T1, which involved four sprays of profenofos 50 EC, chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC, emamectin benzoate 5 SG, and bifenthrin 10 EC at 65, 80, 95, and 110 days after sowing (DAS), respectively, showed the lowest incidence of pink bollworm larvae, green boll damage, bad boll opening, locule damage, and the highest rate of good boll opening. This performance was comparable to treatment T5, which followed the same spraying schedule but with spinetoram 11.70 SC and fenpropathrin 10.00 EC instead of emamectin benzoate and bifenthrin, and treatment T9, which employed an ETL-based spray schedule using chlorantraniliprole 9.3 + lambda-cyhalothrin 4.6 ZC. Similarly, the highest yield of seed cotton was obtained from treatment T1 (18.10 q/ha), which was statistically equivalent to treatments T5 (18.12 q/ha) and T9 (18.10 q/ha). Additionally, the cost-benefit analysis revealed the highest benefit-cost ratio in treatment T1 (1.55), followed by treatments T9 (1.46) and T5 (1.44)
Impact of Potassium Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Small Millets
No full textAims: To evaluate the impact of varying potassium application levels on the growth and yield of small millets and to assess the economic viability of potassium fertilization in small millet farming.
Methodology: A split plot design experiment was carried out, featuring four crops as the main treatments: C1 - Proso millet, C2 - Barnyard millet, C3 - Kodo millet, and C4 - Browntop millet. Potassium fertilizer was applied at four different rates (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) as sub-treatments. Throughout the cropping period, various morpho-physiological traits were monitored, including plant height (cm), tiller count per plant, and yield-related metrics such as the number of panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight (g), and biomass production per plant (g). At harvest, yield data and yield attributes were recorded, followed by an economic analysis.
Results: The results indicated that, Proso millet showed a plant height increase from 75.85 to 94.37 cm, number of productive tillers (4.73) with high potassium doses, while Barnyard millet reached a maximum height of 119.13 cm, grain yield significantly increased from 1547 kg/ha without potassium to 2055 kg/ha with the highest potassium dose. Barnyard millet (achieving the highest gross return of Rs 61650/ha and a B: C ratio of 2.20 with the highest potassium dose.
Conclusion: Application of potassium 20 kg/ha, along with the recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus, recorded 31.8% higher yield, greater tolerance to lodging, reduced pest and disease incidence and remunerative economics in millet cultivation
Sustainable Water Resource Planning for Alanda Micro Watershed Using Geospatial Techniques
No full textGroundwater is a vital natural resource, especially in areas lacking surface water bodies. About one-third of the global population relies on it for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. However, excessive and unregulated exploitation has led to a rapid decline in water tables, emphasizing the need for sustainable groundwater management. The Alanda micro watershed in Barshitakli Taluka, Akola District, Maharashtra, spans 11.39 km², with a sub-humid climate and uneven monsoon rainfall averaging 780 mm. The region faces high water stress in summer, with dried bore wells and farmers relying on rain and groundwater for irrigation. The water resource development plan for Alanda micro watersheds integrates GIS, remote sensing and AHP to identify groundwater potential zones. The Alanda micro watershed soil and water conservation plans were developed using GIS, remote sensing and the AHP method. Thematic maps were overlaid in ArcGIS, applying weighted factors from a pairwise comparison matrix to identify groundwater potential zones. These zones, categorised as high, moderate and low potential, highlight that the largest area has moderate potential, suggesting good opportunities for conservation measures. The survey of the study area identified existing soil and water conservation structures, including 3 farm ponds, 1 check dam and a contour bund. Additional recommendations include 5 farm ponds, 4 check dams, contour trenches and bunding measures, along with agronomic practices for effective surface and groundwater management
Influence of Nipping and Hormonal Spray on Growth Parameters and Seed Yield in Cowpea Variety (Vigna unguiculata L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted to know the influence of nipping and hormonal sprays on growth and seed yield of cowpea variety at the Organic Research Farm (HRF), Karguanji, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.) India. In the present experiment, days to 50 percent flowering and no. of leaves at 30 DAS was not influenced by the combined effect of nipping and foliar sprays but the plant height, number of branches, number of leaves at 60 DAS and at harvest and dry matter production at various stages was influenced. The plant height was relatively more at all the stages of growth in non nipped plants with all the hormonal sprays GA350 ppm (N1H3), while number of leaves were more at 60 DAS and at harvest, number of branches per plant at all stage and dry matter at harvest were more in nipping at tendril stage combined to 1000 ppm lihocin spray (N2H2).The various seed yield traits were also higher in nipping at tendril stage and sprayed with growth hormones lihocin 1000 ppm (H2N2). The present investigation has indicated a relatively more beneficial influence of both nipping and hormonal spray on number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, pod wt. per plant, seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectare
Effect of IBA on Rooting and Growth of (Ixora chinensis L.) Terminal Cutting
No full textThe experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Dapoli under Dr. Balasaheb Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, in 2023. It comes under tropical location with an average well distributed rainfall 3500-4000 mm during June to October. The soil is come under lateritic textural class varied with loam, clay, sandy loam. Ixora is popular ornamental but difficult to root plant was used for the experiment. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications. Mature terminal cuttings of size 10-15 cm length with 4-5 leaves are dip for 5 min in the solution consisting different Indole Butryic Acid concentrations i.e. (control) 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 ppm solutions. The cuttings under study recorded significant variation with respect to all the parameters, The results showed that among all treatments survival percentage (60%) maximum plant height (18.17cm), maximum number of leaves (14.08), stem girth (3.91 mm), longest root length (9.03cm), number of secondary roots (17.93), fresh and dry weight of shoot ( 3.55, 1.03g), fresh and dry weight of root (1.40, 1.18g) was recoded in T4 treatment consisting 1000 ppm IBA solution. However, for maximum number of primary roots (7.27) was observed in T3 (500 ppm) treatment
Comparative In vitro Assessment of Fungicides for Managing Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici in Chilli
No full textChilli wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici, significantly threatens chili cultivation, impacting yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the fungi-toxic effects of various fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici under in vitro conditions. Eight different fungicides viz., Tebuconazole 6.7 % + Captan 26.9 % w/w SC, Thiophenate Methyl 70% WP, Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP, Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG, Carbendazim 50% WP, Pyraclostrobin 20% WG, Chlorothalonil 75% WP and Azoxystrobin 18.2%+ Difenoconazole 11.4% SC were tested at a concentration of 500 ppm and 1000 ppm using the Poison food technique. The experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Sharadchandra Pawar College of Agriculture, Baramati, during the academic year 2023-24. All fungicides significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici, with Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP showing the highest efficacy, followed by Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG and Tebuconazole 6.7 % + Captan 26.9 % w/w SC across both concentrations. This study suggests that the inhibition of pathogen growth increased with higher fungicide concentrations
Dynamics of Crop Diversification in Midlands of Kerala, India
No full textAims: This study presents the extent of crop diversification as well as the reasons in the three districts of Kerala state; Thiruvananthapuram, Kottayam and Kannur which falls in the midland region of Kerala.
Methodology: Secondary data on area under cultivation of various crops for the time period of 2005-06 to 2020-21 was subjected to analysis using Simpson Index, Modified Entropy Index and Markov chain analysis.
Results: Kannur was found to be highly diversified with high value of Simpson Index of around 0.79 followed by Thiruvananthapuram with SI of around 0.74. Transitional probability matrix of Thiruvananthapuram revealed that coconut, spices and condiments retained more area in the district followed by non-food crops with an area retention. Non-food crops retained highest area followed by coconut, spices and condiments in Kottayam. More area occupying crop in Kannur was found to be non-food crops followed by coconut, spices and condiments. However, overall scenario in midland region showed that more area was occupied by non-food crops followed by coconut, spices and condiments.
Conclusion: The period from 2005-06 to 2020-21 showed changing pattern of acreage distribution in the three selected districts of Kerala with a declining trend in total cropped area and shift from food crops to non-food crops
Effects of Various Technological Interventions on Summer Moong (Vigna radiata L.)
No full textThe field demonstrations were laid out at 30 farmers (12.0 ha area) during 2018, 2019 and 2020 to examine the impact of various technological interventions on summer moong. In this intervention, PDM 139 variety of moong bean was sown by using seed drill during 10th-20th April of each year with 25 kg/ha seed rate and treated with Thiram @ 3 g/kg of seed and Rhizobium culture 10g/kg seed. Pendimethylene @ 1.5 kg/ha was applied for weed management, where as urea 27.5kg/ha and SSP of 250 kg/ha was applied as fertilizer doses. Farmers practice kept as check for comparing the impact of intervention on moong bean yield and economic returns. Results of the study revealed that, the crop yield was increased by 50.0, 43.9 and 44.0% under intervention over farmers practice during 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Mean of the technology gap was 3.13 q/ha and mean extension gap was 2.16 q/ha. Whereas, technology index was observed 0.31 during the demonstrations. Economic returns showed significantly improved under intervention during all the years as compared to the farmers practice. B:C ratio was 1.88 under intervention during 2019, which was higher compared farmers practice in all the years