Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Comparative Study of Different Rapid Multiplication Methods in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) cv. Panniyur - 1
No full textThe present investigation was conducted during the year 2023-2024. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with seven treatments namely T1: Raised bed method, T2: Soil mound method, T3: Wooden log method, T4: Serpentine method, T5: Split halves of PVC method, T6: Modified serpentine method, T7: Trench method and each treatment were replicated four times. Among the various treatments studied, the treatment T4 (Serpentine method) recorded maximum number of cuttings per harvest, total number of cuttings harvested per year, sprouting percentage at 30 days after planting (DAP), survival percentage at 45 DAP
Study on the Marketing of Marigold Flower in Varanasi District of Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textThis paper explores the marketing channels, margins, and efficiencies associated with marigold flower cultivation in the Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study investigates three distinct marketing channels to understand their impact on the economic returns for marigold farmers. Through a systematic examination of the cost structures, price spreads, and producer\u27s share in the consumer rupee across these channels, the research aims to identify the most efficient marketing practices that maximize profitability for cultivators. The research methodology involved a multi-stage sampling process, starting with the purposive selection of Varanasi district, followed by the selection of Kashi Vidyapeeth block, which has a high concentration of marigold farmers. Ten villages within this block were chosen randomly, and a stratified random sampling technique was used to select 10% of the farmers, categorized based on landholding sizes. Data was collected through both primary methods, including structured interviews and surveys, and secondary sources, such as reports from the District Agriculture Office. The results indicate that Channel III, characterized by direct-to-retailer sales, provides the highest producer share in the consumer rupee at 41.56%, with a lower price spread and total marketing cost compared to other channels. This channel emerges as the most efficient, suggesting that reducing intermediaries in the supply chain can lead to better financial outcomes for farmers. The study concludes that strategic market interventions and policy support are essential to promote more direct marketing avenues, thereby enhancing the income of marigold farmers in the region. This paper contributes valuable insights into the marketing dynamics of high-value agricultural products and offers practical recommendations for improving the efficiency and equity of agricultural marketing systems in India
Effect of Different Planting Material and Methods of Planting on Growth and Yield of Indian Spinach (Basella rubra L.)
No full textIn recent years, the demand and the awareness for underexploited vegetables and their nutritional importance is increasing. Hence, with a view to stimulate the production of Indian spinach, a field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, Maharashtra in 2023-2024. The eight treatment combinations comprising two different planting materials seedlings (P1) and rooted cuttings (P2) with four various methods of planting viz., flat bed (M1), raised bed (M2), ridges and furrows (M3) and broad ridge (M4) were tested under Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The seedling recorded comparatively maximum stem diameter (12.71mm), number of leaves (68.58) and number of branches per plant (9.08) as compared to rooted cuttings. Similar results were also recorded for yield related attributes. Among the yield attributes maximum herbage yield per plant (247.73g) and total herbage yield per plot (14.86 kg) recorded with seedling. Among methods of planting broad ridge planting recorded significantly highest stem diameter (12.78mm), numbers of leaves (72.83) and number of branches (9.10). Yield parameters viz. total herbage yield per plant (273.03 g) and herbage yield per plot (16.75 kg) was significantly higher with broad ridge planting as compared to flat bed method. Hence, Indian spinach (Basella rubra L.) grown by the seedlings on broad ridges (P1M4) showed better performance with regards to growth and yield attributing parameters especially in areas with high rainfall
Performance Evaluation of Groundnut Digger in Chhattisgarh, India
No full textGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is a significant oilseed crop. It is grown in Chhattisgarh during rabi and kharif seasons, with traditional manual harvesting being labor-intensive and costly. To enhance efficiency, a study evaluated a tractor-operated groundnut digger in Chhattisgarh, focusing on factors such as crop size, shape, depth, spacing, and soil parameters like bulk density, true density, and moisture content. Performance metrics included exposed pod loss, buried pod loss, damaged pod loss, total pod loss, field efficiency, and digging efficiency. In this study found that at a 30° rake angle and 3.5 km h-1 speed, the maximum buried pod loss was 7.37%, exposed pod loss was 9.89%, and total pod loss was 23.79%. Conversely, the digger achieved a high digging efficiency of 96.92% with a 25° rake angle and 2 km h-1 speed. The operational cost was 972.57 Rs h-1, with a breakeven point of 100.42 hours per year and a payback period of 0.91 years. Compared to manual harvesting, which costs 37.5 Rs h-1, the tractor-operated digger significantly reduces time and costs, offering substantial improvements in harvesting efficiency
Soil Restoration Strategies for Sustaining Soil Productivity: A Review
No full textSoil degradation, characterised by a deterioration in quality and a drop in ecosystem products and services, is a key impediment to obtaining the necessary increase in agricultural productivity. Soil is a living and dynamic organism that degrades when standard agricultural practices are used. Healthy soil is a crucial pillar of sustainability because it provides various ecosystem services in addition to controlling microbial activity, nutrient recovery, and decomposition. In human time spans, soil is a non-renewable resource that is vulnerable to deterioration due to complex interactions between processes, variables, and causes occurring at a variety of geographical and temporal dimensions. Accelerated erosion, depletion of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool and biodiversity loss, loss of soil fertility and elemental imbalance, acidification and salinization are among the key soil degradation processes. The strategy aims to minimize soil erosion, boost SOC and N budgets, boost soil biota activity and species diversity (macro, meso, and micro), and improve structural stability and pore geometry. Improving soil quality (i.e., expanding the SOC pool, improving soil structure, and boosting soil fertility) can lower the hazards of soil degradation (physical, chemical, biological, and ecological) while also benefiting the environment
Factors Affecting Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Agricultural Sector: A Case Study in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India
No full textIn a country like India agriculture is the major economic players in economic aspects, which is the great source of revenue is more than 50% of the population of India. The country’s economic sector is based on the agricultural activities that play a significant role in the national development. Of late, ICT plays a significant role in the development of agriculture. It is widely acknowledged that improved information flow benefits both individual businesses and the agriculture industry. Nonetheless, gathering and sharing information is frequently expensive and challenging. By using information technology (IT), it is possible to lower the cost of information dissemination while simultaneously providing more information to all stakeholders involved in the agriculture industry. But the part of agriculture to the economy as well as the economic condition of the farmers is not what they should have been in this era of technology in a state like Assam. The aim of this study is to find the utilization in agricultural sector in the upper Brahmaputra valley Zone of Assam. This paper tries to discuss the factors affecting utilization of ICT tools in agriculture by using Binary Logistics Regression Model. Apart from higher level of education (.252) and size of land holding (.003), other factors like age (-.076), extension contact (-.282) and participation in media (-3.554) are found to be negatively influenced in the knowledge of ICT in agriculture among the farmers in the study area. Organzing awareness and training programme may help the farmers to utilize ICT in agricultural sector
Effects of Integrated Crop Management Practices on Tomato Yield and Economics in Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India
No full textIntegrated crop management (ICM) demonstrations were done in 20 farmers’ fields in the Krishi Vigyan Kendra operated mandals of Ananthapur and Satya Sai districts in Andhra Pradesh state during the Kharif seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24. The objective was to demonstrate the influence of ICM to increase tomato yield at field level. According to the data, ICM practices produced a mean yield of 59.7 t/ha, which is 6.23% higher than farmers practice (56.2 t/ha). The increment in yield of tomato crop under ICM practices was due to use of improved hybrid of Arka Samrat coupled with ICM module developed by Dr YSR Horticultural University. ICM practices resulted in a higher economic benefit and adoption of ICM practices resulted in higher benefit-cost ratio (3.80) than the farmers practice with private hybrids (3.48). Tomato productivity per unit area increased by applying scientifically sound, long-term management practices. The study demonstrated that, ICM enhanced tomato yields. This can be used to influence farmers to adopt enhanced tomato production management technologies in the future
Effectiveness of Soil-amended Biochar in Improving Crop Production, Soil Health and Environmental Aspects
No full textSustainable agriculture has assumed greater importance in today’s world. Biochar has the potential to increase crop yield and soil fertility in agriculture while reducing greenhouse gas emissions at the same time. Biochar production technology and biomass type has great influence on its quality and yield which in turn is responsible for altering soil fertility status and enhancing other soil properties. Biochar is produced via thermochemical conversion of biomasses by the process of pyrolysis with different pyrolysis conditions which include heating rate, temperature or residence time that affect the product distribution and yield for biochar produced from same biomass. Biochar is produced sustainably from eco-friendly sources under manageable conditions such as agricultural woody and non-woody wastes or crop residues or animal wastes. Biochar’s acknowledgement in removing heavy toxic metals, organic solvents and pesticide residues from soil as well as in waste water management aids in environmental protection. Yield response of biochar produced from various feedstock sources on vegetable crop production is discussed to compare their relative effectiveness. Biochar is a carbonaceous substance produced that sequester carbon and remain in soil for thousands of years and thus offers stability in soil. Biochar as Negative Emissions Technology (NET) in removing CO2 from atmosphere and other greenhouse gases such as N2O and CH4 is a prominent methodology in mitigating serious concern of climate change. The objective of this review paper is to extensively justify the role and importance of biochar in agriculture and sustainable growth
A Study on the Impacts of Fertilizer Crisis on Paddy Cultivation in Five Selected Divisional Secretariat Divisions of Trincomalee District During Maha 2021/22
No full textRice is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. With population growth, farmers have to increase paddy production to meet existing as well as future demand. Fertilizer is the major input in rice production. Growth and yield traits of rice are affected by improper and imbalanced application of plant nutrients. Hence, suitable practices of adequate rate and timing of fertilizer application are needed to increase the rice yield. In May 2021, Imports & Exports (Control) Regulation No 07 of 2021 was issued, banning the importation of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, & herbicides in Sri Lanka. Low fertility of paddy soil created the need for adequate and constant supply of chemical fertilizers in paddy cultivation, which is a major threat to production and endangers the national food security and economy of Sri Lanka, especially in the major cropping season of Maha 2021/22. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the impact of the fertilizer crisis in major paddy-cultivating Divisional Secretariat divisions of the Trincomalee district. The random sampling method was used to select respondents for the survey, and the collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS version 26.0 software. The results revealed that the majority of the farmers experienced a 50% yield reduction compared to the last cropping season of Maha 2020/21 in the entire five DS divisions. The seedling stage was highly affected during the fertilizer crisis in paddy cultivation in all five DS divisions. Further, the cost of production in paddy cultivation increased by more than 50% during the fertilizer crisis compared to the cost involved in Maha 2020/21. The potential for organic manure production is very poor, while the majority of farmers are interested in adopting the sustainable farming system of the Integrated Plant Nutrient System through the judicious application of chemical and organic fertilizers received on a subsidy basis, according to the present government’s fertilizer policy, which emphasizes 70% of inorganic fertilizers and 30% of organic manure application to improve sustainability in paddy cultivation in the country
Assessment of Genetic Variability for Physiological Traits and Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)
No full textThe present investigation was carried out with 32 diverse genotypes of bread wheat in completely randomized block design with 3 replications at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of agriculture & Technology Pantnagar for the screening of genetic variability under three environments viz., timely sown (E1), late sown (E2) and very late sown (E3) seasons. The observations were recorded on 16 agronomic traits and 3 physiological traits. The statistical analysis for genetic variability was done using ANOVA, h2, GCV, PCV, GA and genotypic correlation. The analysis of variance was carried out for all the characters in randomized block design indicated highly significant differences among treatments for all the characters under study. High heritability values were observed in all the characters studied except grain filling duration in which heritability was moderate. High ECV was observed for characters such as canopy temperature depression-I, canopy temperature depression-II, canopy temperature-III, and canopy temperature depression-IV. Characters plot yield, canopy temperature depression-I, and canopy temperature depression-IV were marked with high GCV. Characters days to 75% heading, days to 75% anthesis, days to 75% maturity, grain yield per plant, plot yield, canopy temperature depression-I, canopy temperature depression-II, canopy temperature depression-III, and canopy temperature depression-IV exhibited high PCV values. The genetic advance was observed high for plot yield. There were highly significant positive as well as highly significant negative correlations were observed among physiological and yield related traits. The CTD-I, III, IV, and relative water content had shown highly significant positive correlation with days to 75 % heading and days to 75 % anthesis. CTD-III, IV, SPAD and relative water content were also marked with highly significant positive correlations with different yield attributes. The genotypes bearing the desired values for different genetic variability parameters can be exploited in future breeding programme for the improving wheat genotypes. These genotypes can be used as donor parents in crop improvement programme