Asian Research Journal of Agriculture
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Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth, Yield and Quality of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) under Irrigated Condition
No full textA field experiment was conducted during zaid season of 2023 at Shradhey Bhagwati Singh Agriculture Research Farm (Hajipur), Chandra Bhanu Gupt Krashi Snatakotter Mahavidyalaya, B.K.T, Lucknow (UP) to assess the weed management effect on weeds, crop growth, yield attributes, yield studies, nutrients uptake and economics of black gram. The result of the investigation revealed that two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS was found superior in controlling weeds, increasing black gram yield and nutrient uptake and recorded maximum benefit: cost ratio. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of pendimethalin 30 EC @800 g/ha (PE) + one hand weeding at 30 DAS were recorded the lowest weed density, weed dry weight and highest weed control efficiency, growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, quality parameters, net return and B:C ratio in black gram crop
Effect of Biofertilizers and Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) on Growth, Yield, Oil Quality and Economics of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
No full textAims: Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a key oilseed crop in India but faces yield constraints from climatic variability, nutrient imbalances, and biotic stresses. This study evaluated the effects of integrating biofertilizers with graded levels of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) on growth, yield components, seed and oil yield, and profitability under subtropical conditions.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was planned and carried out at the Student’s Instructional Farm (SIF) at the research farm of the R.M.P. (P.G.) College Gurukul Narsan (Haridwar) during Rabi season 2023-24.
Methodology: The study was conducted with seven treatments and replicated thrice compared Control (T1), 25% RDF + Rhizobium (T2), 50% RDF + Azotobacter (T3), 75% RDF + Azospirillum (T4), 50% RDF + Azotobacter + Azospirillum (T5), 75% RDF + Rhizobium + Azotobacter (T6) and 100% RDF + Rhizobium + Azotobacter (T7) using variety ‘Kranti’ on sandy loam soil (pH 7.8; available N 185 kg/ha; P 15.25 kg/ha; K 265 kg/ha) with standard cultural practices.
Results: T7 showed significantly enhanced growth traits (e.g., plant height at harvest 128.5 cm; LAI 3.70 at 45 DAS; dry matter 38.85 g/plant), yield attributes (siliquae/plant 225; seeds/siliqua 17.9; 1000-seed weight 4.12 g), and seed yield (1116 kg/ha) compared to Control and lower RDF combinations, while oil yield peaked with T7 (427 kg/ha) and oil content ranged narrowly (approx. 38.2–39.4%) with the highest content under 50% RDF + Azotobacter + Azospirillum (39.4%). Economic analysis indicated maximum gross return (₹31,677/ha), net return (₹18,054/ha), and return per rupee invested (1.32) in T7, closely followed by 75% RDF + Rhizobium + Azotobacter and 75% RDF + Azospirillum, demonstrating the agronomic and economic advantage of integrating biofertilizers with recommended fertilization in Indian mustard.
Conclusion: Findings support adopting 100% RDF with Rhizobium + Azotobacter as a superior package, with 75% RDF + Rhizobium + Azotobacter or 75% RDF + Azospirillum as efficient alternatives where input optimization is prioritized
An Economic Analysis of Isabgol and Chandrasur Crop in Malwa Plateau of Central India
No full textThis study assesses the cost and returns of Isabgol (Plantago ovata) and Chandrasur (Lepidium sativum). For the present study Ratlam, Mandsaur and Neemuch districts in Malwa Plateau region of Madhya Pradesh were selected on the basis of maximum area covered by the Isabgol (Plantago ovata) crop. From the selected districts two blocks were selected from each district for the study. Five villages from each block were selected on the basis of highest area covered by selected Medicinal and Aromatic crops. Thus, the sample consisted of 90 farmers of Isabgol (Plantago ovata) and Chandrasur (Lepidium sativum) crops. The primary data were collected through personal interview using a pre-tested questionnaire. For estimation cost and returns, cost concepts i.e. cost A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C and C3 and net family labour and farm business incomes and B.C. ratio were analysed in this study. For clarity, Cost A1 refers to paid-out operational costs; A2 includes A1 plus rent for leased-in land; B1 includes A2 plus interest on fixed capital; B2 incorporates rental value of owned land; and C1–C3 include imputed family labour and managerial cost. Social categories of respondents are denoted as SC (Scheduled Caste), ST (Scheduled Tribe), OBC (Other Backward Class) and General category. The study showed that average family size of sample farmers was found five. As per caste wise distribution of sample respondents, majority of respondents belong to OBC category (82 percent) followed by general (9 percent), SC (7 percent) and ST (2 percent). Regarding the age and educational level it was found that more number of sample farmers belongs to the middle age group (51 percent), followed by old age (29) and young age group (20 percent) of sample farmers. It was observed that 56 percent sample farmers were educated up to primary level followed by higher secondary school (31 percent) and under graduation (13 percent) level. The cost of cultivation was estimated to be Rs. 49514 and 43504.41 for Isabgol (Plantago ovata) and Chandrasur (Lepidium sativum) crops. The study concluded that Isabgol (Plantago ovata) cultivation is economically viable and profitable, with a B.C. ratio of 1:1.91 & 1:1.95 and a net income of Rs. 45,313 and 41569.59 per hectare. Hence, expanding its cultivation area within the existing cropping pattern can significantly enhance the income and livelihood of farmers in the Malwa Plateau region. It is recommended to promote Isabgol (Plantago ovata) and Chandrasur (Lepidium sativum) cultivation through awareness programs, training, and input support. Government and extension agencies should provide technical guidance, improved seeds, and market linkages. Expanding Isabgol (Plantago ovata) and Chandrasur (Lepidium sativum) in suitable areas can enhance farmers’ income, ensure better resource utilization, and contribute to sustainable agricultural development in the Malwa Plateau region.
 
Human-Wildlife Conflict Research (1989-2025): A Scopus-Based Bibliometric Analysis
No full textAims: To provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) research from 1989 to 2025, with specific objectives to analyse publication trends, influential authors, leading journals, thematic evolution and collaboration networks in the field.
Study Design: This study employs a quantitative bibliometric research design focusing on published literature indexed in the Scopus database within the subject domains of “Economics, Econometrics and Finance”, “Social Sciences” and “Agricultural and Biological Sciences”.
Place and Duration of Study: The analysis was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani in September 2025, using data extracted from Scopus covering the period between 1989 and 2025.
Methodology: The dataset comprised 2,916 Scopus-indexed documents related to HWC using the keyword “Human Wildlife Conflict”. Data were analysed using Biblioshiny (version 4.3.3) within RStudio and VOSviewer for network visualization. Analytical dimensions included annual publication trends, citation analysis, leading journals, authors, institutional affiliations, bibliographic coupling among countries, and keyword clustering to map conceptual and thematic structures of HWC research over time.
Results: Findings revealed exponential growth in HWC publications, with a distinct surge post-2010 and peak years around 2021-2023. Journal articles accounted for 2,563 documents (88 per cent), with Biological Conservation, Oryx, and Human Dimensions of Wildlife emerging as key publication outlets. Collaborative authorship increased globally, with 39 per cent of publications involving international co-authorship led by the United States, United Kingdom, India, South Africa, and Australia. Thematic mapping identified transition from species-specific conflict studies toward interdisciplinary frameworks integrating coexistence, socioecological governance, and policy research.
Conclusion: This bibliometric evaluation highlights the expanding and diversifying nature of global HWC research while underscoring regional and disciplinary imbalances. Strengthening research capacity in biodiversity rich developing regions and promoting interdisciplinary, evidence driven approaches are essential for developing equitable, community centred strategies that foster sustainable human-wildlife coexistence
A Review of Autonomous Navigation Technology for Orchard Robots Based on Visual SLAM
No full textAs the global population grows and urbanization accelerates, agricultural production faces challenges such as labor shortages, limited resources, and an aging population. The application of agricultural automation and intelligent technology has become an important means to improve production efficiency and reduce labor dependence. As an important area of agricultural production, the demand for labor is particularly significant. In recent years, the rapid development of real-time localization and mapping (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology has provided technical support for autonomous navigation of agricultural robots. In this paper, the research background, research status, technical principles and development, application case analysis, challenges and future prospects of autonomous navigation technology for orchard robots based on visual SLAM at home and abroad are reviewed. Based on the analysis of relevant literature, this paper summarizes the application status of visual SLAM technology in orchard robot navigation and delves into its future development direction. Moreover, a well-defined and comprehensive conclusion is presented at the end to encapsulate the key insights and implications of the research
Evaluation of Growth and Yield Potential of Two Grain Corn Varieties Suitable for Bris Soil
No full textGrain corn is primarily utilized as poultry feed, playing a significant role in the food, feed, and seed industries in Malaysia. Its high carbohydrate content provides essential energy, making it a crucial ingredient in poultry diets to support the growth and production of chickens, turkeys, and other poultry species. This study aims to evaluate the growth potential and yield performance of two grain corn varieties suited for cultivation in BRIS soil. The field experiment was conducted at MARDI Bachok on BRIS soil to assess the performance of two hybrid varieties GWG888 and P4546 based on vegetative growth, yield and yield components. Modified agronomic practices were applied for planting and maintaining the crops. Findings revealed no significant difference in dry yield between the two varieties. Some characteristics were significantly influenced by the planting season, excluding plant height and stem diameter. These traits indicated that vegetative growth did not affect those specific characteristics. P4546 outperformed GWG888 in total plant number, total cob production, and ear placement height. P4546 achieved a higher gross yield of 7.2 tons/ha, compared to GWG888\u27s 5.89 tons/ha. Yield component evaluations further highlighted the better performance of P4546. Overall, the results suggest that both P4546 and GWG888 are viable for cultivation in BRIS soil, with P4546 showing superior advantage in yield and recommended to farmers for grain corn production
Embedded in Nature: A Comprehensive Review of the Development, Difficulties and Promise of Organic Agriculture and Fertilizers in Agro-ecosystems
No full textOver the past century, organic farming-which has its roots in conventional agricultural methods-has undergone significant change. From a grassroots movement against agricultural industrialization to a global enterprise, organic farming is now essential to tackling today\u27s issues with sustainability, food safety, and environmental health. Organic farming has difficulties even if consumer demand for organic products and market access is rising. This essay explores the history and development of organic farming, focusing on the various kinds of organic fertilizers, their advantages, and their drawbacks. The slow-release characteristic of organic fertilizer and nutrient variability frequently fail to fulfil crop needs, which can significantly lower yield. Manure and bio solids are two examples of organic fertilizers that can increase productivity, but they also pose health and environmental hazards. In organic farming, controlling weeds and pests can be expensive and time-consuming. Rapid changeover and ineffective organic farming planning can also lead to food insecurity. It demonstrates how organic farming\u27s all-encompassing philosophy goes beyond productivity, incorporating tactics like cutting down on food waste and creating self-sufficient farming communities. By lessening their negative effects on the environment and boosting regional economy, these methods help create a more sustainable farming system. The development of targeted organic fertilizers may benefit from future technical advancements, particularly in precision agriculture and bio-physicochemical models
From Millet’s ‘Pearl’ To Desert’s ‘Gold’: GHB 538 Improved (Maru Sona) Emerges through Genomics-assisted Breeding
No full textDowny mildew (DM) is the most devasting disease of pearl millet caused by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet, remains a major biotic constraint to pearl millet production in India. Looking to this constraint, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), in collaboration with ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics), Hyderabad, decided to improve notified popular pearl millet hybrid GHB-538 through marker-assisted backcross breeding due to which this hybrid make a comeback in as improved version. Christened Maru Sona or Desert Gold in the local language, the new version is equipped with the genes to fend off devastating downy mildew disease and was released for cultivation in Gujarat state and A1 zone dry regions of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana during kharif season. The pearl millet hybrid GHB 538 Improved was developed by introgression of downy mildew resistance QTLs from P7-3-P13 and 863B-P2-P7 lines in the pollen parent J-2340 of earlier released GHB-538 with marker-assisted backcross method using foreground selection and notified at state and national level for kharif season cultivation. The screening against downy mildew of GHB 538 Improved was carried out under the downy mildew sick plot, and yield trials testing work against original GHB-538 was carried out at state and national levels across different locations. In comparison to the original hybrid, Maru Sona shows markedly high resistance to downy mildew disease along with an increase in grain yield (3.5 and 1.8%) and dry fodder yield (10.8 and 1.9%); it also hallmarks early flowering (44 and 45 days) at state and AICRP testing, respectively. It also shows resistance reaction to other pearl millet diseases and possesses good quality parameters
Gender Roles in Sustainable Agriculture at Saifana Organic, North Lombok, Indonesia
No full textGender roles in agriculture is a crucial component of sustainable development, particularly in regions where cultural norms often restrict women’s participation in productive sectors. In North Lombok, Indonesia, women\u27s roles in agriculture have traditionally been limited due to structural and socio-cultural barriers. However, with the emergence of agroecotourism initiatives such as Saifana Organic, there has been a shift toward more inclusive and participatory practices that empower women alongside men.
Aims: The objectives of this study are to analyze gender roles in sustainable agriculture at Saifana Organic Agroecotourism.
Study Design: The design of the study is qualitative.
Place and Duration of Study: Located on Saifana Organic Farm an Agroecotourism in Loloan Village, Bayan District, North Lombok, Indonesia, between June 2024 and February 2025.
Methodology: We included 18 informants (5 men, 13 women; age range 18-65 years) include the owners, staff, farmers of Saifana Organic and additional informants from gender institutions. Primary data was obtained by researchers from data directly taken from the results of participatory observations, in-depth interviews, and FGDs (Focus Group Discussions). Data were analyzed using a gender approach analysis (Access, Participation, Control, Benefits) and Gender Analysis Matrix.
Results: Men and women in the access dimension are given the same opportunity to access information, technology and resources in Saifana Organic. In the participation dimension, women showed involvement of 70% and men of 30%. Although there are differences in the level of participation, both men and women in the control dimension in making decisions are carried out with deliberation. In addition, the economic benefits obtained according to the contract agreement and the benefits of self- development are felt by both genders.
Conclusion: Gender Roles in sustainable agriculture in Saifana Organic Agroecotourism starting from planning, nursery, cultivation, harvest and post-harvest is carried out by men and women according to their abilities and agreements in written contracts and the results of deliberations, not based on cultural stereotypes that exist in North Lombok
Antagonistic Potential of Biocontrol Agents against Macrophomina phaseolina in Green Gram
No full textMacrophomina blight caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting green gram (Vigna radiata L.) particularly under drought and high-temperature conditions. The ability of the pathogen to persist in the soil and rapidly colonize host tissues makes management difficult through conventional means. In an effort to identify effective biological alternatives an in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the antagonistic performance of selected fungal and bacterial bioagents against M. phaseolina. The experiment involved six biocontrol agents four fungal species from the Trichoderma genus and two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Dual culture and streak plate techniques were employed on PDA medium to assess their efficacy. Results revealed significant variation in pathogen suppression, with Trichoderma harzianum exhibiting the highest growth inhibition at 87.77%, followed by Trichoderma hamatum and Trichoderma asperellum. In contrast, the bacterial antagonists showed comparatively lower inhibition levels. The outcomes of this study highlight the potential of Trichoderma harzianum as a promising biocontrol agent for managing Macrophomina blight in green gram under eco-friendly disease management practices