Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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Efficiencies of Thermophilic Bacteria Species in Degrading Biodegradable Low-density Polyethylene Mixtures in Aquatic Ecosystems
No full textThe study examined the efficiencies of bacteria thermophiles responsible for the depolymerization of biodegradable Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) blends in two aquatic environments to suggest model bacteria species that could be used for reducing the accumulation of single-use LDPE in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. Each of the biodegradable LDPE, polyethylene, and cellulose was placed in respirometry jars filled with 500 mls of the freshwater and marine water respectively in a randomized design of 4 by 2 by 3 following the American Standard Testing and Materials (ASTM) procedure. To identify the bacteria species, bacterial isolation was done using pour plate and streak methods. The bacteria species were identified by morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. The thermophilic bacteria species were confirmed by sequencing to be Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas species among others. The results revealed that the bacteria isolates on LDPE were responsible for the biodegradation processes of the LDPE. This study concluded that Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas species have the bioremediation potentials to break down single-use biodegradable Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) in aquatic environments within six (6) months
Study on the Breeding Ground of Mahseer (Tor tor) In Narmada River of Jabalpur District, India
No full textThe breeding grounds of Mahseer within the river are of most importance, as they serve as critical habitats for the breeding and early stages of development of numerous aquatic organisms. Consequently, river ecosystems are considered to be ecologically sensitive and socio-economically significant systems. This study employed a test harvest or random sampling method to assess the current status of breeding sites. The findings highlight a low number of breeding and nursery grounds for Mahseer, with some sites completely devoid of such habitats. This decline can be attributed to the escalating anthropogenic activities and pollution in the area. Therefore, it is crucial to implement regular monitoring and mitigate anthropogenic disturbances to restore the ideal and natural breeding and nursery grounds
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bauchi, Nigeria
No full textRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple foods considered in many countries around the world, including Nigeria. This aim of the study is to determine the effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and yield of rice. The experiment was conducted in a screen house using a complete randomize design (CRD). Two rice varieties (Nerica and Jamila) were grown in a one litre pods, filled with sterilized soil and three seeds were sown into each pod at a depth of 2 cm until germination, then reduced to one seedling. Different Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) dose (10 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g) was inoculated at the time of seed sowing and non-inoculated pods as control. Various parameters were taken into consideration like plant height, number of leaves, panicle length and panicle number while shoot dry biomass, root dry biomass and yield attributes were taken at harvest. According to the results, the effects on growth indices and yield attributes increases with increased in AMF dose. Although, yield attributes were significantly higher, in the order control<10 g<20 g< 30 g< 40 g. Thus, suggesting the beneficial utilization of AMF as a potential biofertilizer
Assessment of the Local Strategies Used in Abating Flash Floods for Improvement of Community Livelihoods in Nyamwamba and Bulembia Divisions, Kasese District, Uganda
No full textFloods are intricate events that cause a range of human exposures, including loss of lives, property, and damage to infrastructure of the communities. Flash floods though often blamed on inappropriate development planning and climate variability, floods can be predicted to a reasonable extent, whose scale and nature are often less certain. The study aims at assessing the local strategies used in abating flash floods for improvement of community livelihoods. Specifically, the study explored the challenges the local communities faced during the implementation of the strategies, and also determined the relationship that emanated as a result of implementing the local strategies and community livelihoods. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data from 218 respondents and 08 Key Informants that held key responsibilities at the Municipal Council and the community. Information from the respondents and Key Informants were collected using questionnaires which was in form of interviews and face to face interviews respectively. The study shows that some local strategies have been implemented towards controlling flash floods such as, restoration of river banks (69.3%) planting bamboo trees along river banks (66%), use of gabions (65.6%), putting check dams (65.6%) and construction of manmade channels (95.9%) along the hillsides. Putting flood barriers (73%) that floods affect the community livelihoods in various aspects of daily life and the local economy in terms damage of crops (74.8%) risk of diseases (83 %) loss of livestock (60 %), displacement (93%); The challenges faced in implementation of the of local strategies in the study area include financial constraints (81.2%), technical and logistical issues (63%), poor infrastructural design (83.9%), and environmental challenges (66%). A Chi square test showed that the implemented local strategies were significantly related to the community livelihood at P=0.001. Implemented local flood strategies resulted to a positive relationship to the agricultural productivity and protected community property at P<0.05. Overall, effective flood management strategies are able to reduce risks and contribute to a better community health with fewer disruptions to community’s daily life at P<0.05. Local communities should adopt and implement the use of the mentioned local strategies like re-channeling of water pathways along the hill sides and use of gabions for flash floods mitigation since they cost effective. There should be a country-wide implementation of community-initiated mitigation measures for abating flash floods and related climate change disruptions aimed at building and promoting community resilience and livelihoods of people living in flood prone areas
The Influence of Participatory Forest Monitoring on Natural Forest Management and Community Welfare: A Case Study in Kibale National Park, Western Uganda
No full textThe paper presents findings from a Study on Participatory Forest Monitoring (PFM) and Natural Forest Restoration (NFR) in Uganda, a case of communities bordering Kibale National Park (KNP), western Uganda. The study involved 394 respondents who were interviewed from June to August 2024. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design to determine the perceived effect of Participatory Forest Monitoring Activities at the household level and examine the relationship between Participatory Forest Monitoring Activities and Natural Forest Restoration while involving communities bordering Kibale Forest. Almost half (54.4%) of the communities bordering Kibale National Park (KNP) work with UWA rangers during forest monitoring patrols in restored areas (M=2.25, SD = 1.95). Participation in PFM improved income at the household level directly addressing household needs especially income for school fees and other needs by 79.9% (r=0.799, P<0.05). PFM can restore natural forests, increase revenue and better community livelihoods
Utilizing Tetradesmus obliquus for Phycoremediation Enhanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Urban Wastewater Treatment
No full textMicroalgae can scavenge pollutants through a process called phycoremediation, which involves the removal or biotransformation of pollutants in wastewater and gaseous media. Algae must grow rapidly, tolerate seasonal and diurnal variations, and form aggregates easily. In this study, the phosphorus and nitrogen removal capacity of the microalga Tetradesmus obliquus, isolated from urban water bodies, was evaluated and its cultivation was proposed as an alternative for tertiary treatment of urban effluents. The inoculum was placed in a bioreactor at 25 ºC with natural lighting for 21 days in modified Bold Basal Medium (BBM). The experiment included a control group (BBM) and a treatment with distilled water (AD) and increasing concentrations of urban effluent (12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%), inoculated with 8.8x105 cells/ml of biomass. The treatments were carried out in triplicate for 15 days. pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, NO3- and PO4-3 concentrations, and biological variables such as cell count and optical density were determined. Tetradesmus obliquus showed efficiency in removing phosphates and nitrates. Maximum efficiency was shown after 15 days of treatment with 100% effluent, removing 22.92% of phosphates and 65.66% of nitrates
A Preliminary Investigation of Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters of Natural Springs Found in Linden, Guyana
No full textA spring is a feature of the hydrosphere where water moves from below the earth\u27s surface to the surface. Spring water is an essential source of water for consumption, agricultural, and industrial needs. The distribution and actions of humans in a given place are determined by the availability of water. Our rising population is putting significant demands on the natural freshwater supply. The waters, however, are occasionally subjected to different types of contaminants, namely agricultural, industrial, and residential pollution. Investigating the water quality of springs is a crucial step in advocating their public use. The goal of this research is to investigate the microbiological and physicochemical quality characteristics of drinking water from springs. The research technique includes field sampling and laboratory testing of water quality parameters using standard procedures. A total of five natural springs are included in the research area. A total of ten samples were gathered from the five springs and each sample\u27s physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were analyzed. Then, using international quality standards (WHO), the parameters were analyzed viz., pH, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, E. coli and Total Coliforms. The majority of the physicochemical characteristics examined are found to be within permissible limits. However, the pH of several samples is below the recommended standard. According to the results, a large percentage of the samples (80%) are severely contaminated by microbes, while one spring (20% of samples) poses no threat to consumers
Carbon Monoxide Pollution and Limited Health Service Access in Third-world Countries
No full textDespite its complexity, carbon monoxide is a key component of indoor and outdoor air pollution. While carbon monoxide arises from natural sources as well as human activities, the most detrimental exposure risks are within the domestic environment. In third-world countries like Guatemala, a notable positive correlation has been observed between severe respiratory diseases and the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air. This correlation can be attributed to these regions\u27 housing conditions and daily lifestyle practices. Additionally, the limited healthcare services accessibility in third-world nations exacerbated the severity of domestic carbon monoxide poisoning cases. It is evident that effective healthcare interventions still need to be fully utilized in third-world countries, and thus, there is a need to move beyond identifying broad strategies and specific policies. Addressing the issues of carbon monoxide exposure and its impact on public health in these regions requires comprehensive approaches that take into account the challenges faced by these countries.
To access carbon monoxide concentration in the household, EsayLog USB has been used in this study. The study reviews the amount of carbon monoxide present in certain villages with different conditions and high carbon monoxide concentrations, especially near fires using combustible fuels and houses at high altitudes. The study found that third-world countries\u27 decision-makers should educate communities, build the environment to provide better medical access to the public and implement appropriate regulations to deliver better quality health care to people
Effect of Seed Presowing Treatments on Germination Parameters in Albizia Procera
No full textAlbizia procera is an important tree species and it belongs to the Fabaceae family. An experiment was conducted to determine the most effective pre-sowing treatments for maximizing germination. Ten pre-sowing treatments were tested, with data collected on daily basis to calculate the germination percentage (G%), germination rate index (GRI), mean daily germination (MDG), peak value (PV), germination value (GV), and mean germination time (MGT). Significant differences were observed between the seed pretreatments and control for all parameters. The highest germination percentage (90.00%), GRI (27.12%), MDG (2.81), PV (10.00), and GV (28.13) were achieved in seeds pretreated with 50 ppm GA3 for 12 h (T9). Seeds treated with hot water at 70 °C for 5 min followed by soaking in tap water for 24 h also showed improved results. This study helps to identify the most effective pre-sowing treatments to improve germination rates and seedling establishment of A. procera, thereby enhancing the success of large-scale plantations in agroforestry and social forestry initiatives
Application of Nano Bubble Aeration Technology in Domestic Wastewater Treatment: Optimization of Gas Flow and Reaction Time
No full textNano bubble aeration is an emerging technology with significant potential in wastewater treatment, particularly for removing suspended solids and organic matter. This study investigates the application of nano bubble aeration in the treatment of domestic wastewater, focusing on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). Nano bubbles, with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to a few micrometers, exhibit slower rising velocities and prolonged stability in water due to their negatively charged surfaces. Various nano bubble air flow rates were tested over 90-minute intervals to determine the optimal treatment conditions. The results indicate that a flow rate of 2 liters per minute achieves the highest treatment efficiency, reducing COD by 84.73% and TSS by 77.51%. Increasing the flow rate beyond this level showed minimal improvement, demonstrating that 2 liters per minute is the optimal flow rate for efficient wastewater treatment using nano bubble aeration. This research highlights the advantages of nano bubble technology in enhancing the treatment efficiency of suspended solids and organic matter in wastewater