Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILIZATION ON YIELD OF SAFFLOWER GENOTYPES UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS
No full textThe demand for bio agriculture has increased in recent years due to its positive effects on the environment. At the same time, breeders are focusing on the genotypes that give the highest yield under water stress conditions in light of the water crisis. Field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons to evaluate six genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plants as compared to Giza 1, a local cultivar under two levels of drought compared with normal irrigation in presence and absence of different biofertilization treatments. The study emphasized on four main parameters: assessing means of performance, estimating tolerance indices (drought tolerance index and yield injury), response to biofertilization and assessing the stability of genotype across environments. The results indicated that Line 10 was reliable as the highest seed and oil yielder when exposed to high level of drought. While Line 4 followed by Line 12 were sensitive to drought stress. Parametric stability analysis showed that Lines 12 and 9 were more stable. Based on these parameters, breeder can make an appropriate selection for the distinct genotype
MODELING THE REACTION RATE OF IRON (III) CONTAMINANTS IN MANGANESE DIOXIDE MEDIA
No full textA model equation was developed through the use of first order differential equation formed from a mass balance equation to study the mass transfer rate of iron (iii) contaminants in manganese dioxide media. The model was able to predict the time required for the manganese dioxide adsorbent to reduce the level of iron in water to acceptable level of concentration as allowed by WHO. The model agreed with experimental data that increase in adsorbent dosage will increase the rate of transfer of the iron (iii) contaminants into the adsorbent and hence increase in the rate of reaction. The study also found out that efficiency of adsorbent increases as the dosage is increased and that at a particular time increase in adsorbent dosage lead to wastage of materials as it may not lead to increased adsorption. Hence the model can be used as an effective monitoring tool during experiments to help us note the time results are expected and when the adsorbent need regeneration. The model also utilizes the effect of contact time and concentration on the rate of iron (iii) contaminants transfer rate to the manganese dioxide. The model equation can be used to monitor the rate at which different adsorbent concentration dosage can influence the rate of iron (iii) contaminants removal from water
THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS ADSORPTION OF PHENOL RED ON CARBON-CuO NANOCOMPOSITE
No full textThe Carbon-CuO nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanocomposite was used as nanoadsorbent for adsorption of phenol red at the wavelength of 270 nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer (model 6705). The effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration, temperature and pH were evaluated. Carbon-CuO nanocomposite as nanoadsorbent removed 99.98% of phenol red at optimum conditions of adsorbent dose; 0.2, contact time; 40 min, initial concentration; 40 mg/L, temperature; 343K (70°C) and pH; 7. The experimental data was best fitted by the pseudo second order kinetic with R2 =0.979 than the pseudo first order with R2 =0.166. The free energy values for adsorption of phenol red on Carbon-CuO nanocomposite at various temperatures; 303, 313, 323,333, and 343 were found to be -16998.08, -17988.224, -18978.484, -19968.744, and -20959.004 J/mole respectively. The negative values of the free energy indicate that the adsorption of phenol on nanocomposite is spontaneous. The enthalpy and entropy change values obtained were 13006.914 J/mole and 99.026 J/Kmole respectively. The adsorption process was endothermic since the enthalpy value is positive. The adsorption was found to have increase in randomness at Carbon-CuO nanocomposite-phenol interface since the value of entropy change obtained is positive
A REVIEW ON STUDIES PERFORMED TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES ON THE COASTAL ECOSYSTEM AT PUDUCHERRY, INDIA
No full textClimate change is significantly disturbing all types of ecosystem and biodiversity throughout the world. The climate change impacts were felt mainly due to alterations in temperature and rainfall patterns, frequency and magnitude of the cyclones, forest fires, disease outbreaks, etc. In future, the intensity of these impacts is expected to increase largely, yet very few studies have been done in India to understand the vulnerability of ecosystems due to climate change at a regional scale. Therefore, this review aims to assess the influence of climate change on ecosystems along the coast of the Puducherry region at the Union Territory of Puducherry. This article catalogs various studies that investigate climate change impacts such as changes in the frequency and impact of cyclones, sea-level rise and extent of urbanization near the coastal regions on the coastal ecosystems. Particularly, studies pertaining to the mangroves, coastal sand dunes and turtle nesting along the coast of Puducherry were reviewed. The study reveals that the spatial extent of mangrove vegetation has declined in the last decade due to climate change and anthropogenic pressures. The nesting areas of three critically endangered marine turtle species viz., Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), were identified to be under serious threat due to tourism, fishing activity, construction, Casuarina plantations, soil erosion and sea-level rise
THE MYCORRHIZAL POTENTIAL OF Hedysarum pallidum Desf. IN THE EAST OF MOROCCO
No full textThe present work aims to study the symbiotic association of a wild steppic plant (Hedysarum pallidum Desf.) in the abandoned mining area of Touissit (east of Morocco). A detailed description of the mycorrhizal associations in this specie soil and roots is reported for the first time in this study. Soils and roots samples were extracted from the rhizosphere of H. pallidum. The frequency and intensity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inside the roots were measured and the spores were counted and characterized. Microscopic examination of the roots revealed the presence of typical endomycorrhizal structures. The mycorrhizal frequency was greater than 98%, the mycorrhizal intensity was high (50.9%) and arbuscular intensity reached 34.76%. The spore abundance of AMF isolated from the soil was 1200 spores/100g of soil. These spores presented 3 AMF genera: Glomus, Scutellospora and Septoglomus. The diversity of AMF present in the rhizosphere can be selected and used in improving the production of vigorous plants and to promote the rehabilitation of this degraded mining area
USER’S PERCEPTION ON SCIENTIFIC FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN COMMUNITY FOREST OF NEPAL
No full textThe government of Nepal has initiated scientific forest management practices in community forests by integrating the silvicultural system rather than considering users local knowledge and practices on forests management. This integrated forest management enhances the productivity and revenue through management of the productive forest. Managing the forest of Nepal has been a big challenge in the recent year but very less is seen to be done to solve the problem. As a result, forest condition of Nepal has gone worse making the environment vulnerable to a number of problems. In this situation, the present research has been conducted to assess the potentiality and constraints of implementing scientific forest management in the community forest.
This study had adopted household survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion and review of Operational Plan for the data collection. The study calculated the benefit-cost ratio of both traditional and scientific forest management project. The analysis of the Benefit cost ratio (BCR) between traditional management and scientific management showed that users are likely to benefit more from scientific forest management. The study showed that the major challenges for the management of forest scientifically were unaware about the implementation procedure and technique, lack of financial resource, lack of coordination between stakeholders, lack of public participation in every step of SFM. Some users are willing to participate in SFM, mainly due to the incentives they got from implementing the scientific plan. There is a need for user\u27s capacity building through training, workshops and awareness program along with financial support from the government for implementing plan effectively
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL AND GROSS ORGANIC POLLUTANT LEVELS IN LEACHATES FROM APPROVED WASTE DUMPSITES, PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThis study was aimed at the determination of chemical and gross organic pollutants levels in leachates from some selected and government approved dumpsites in Port Harcourt metropolis. Leachates from the 3-selected dumpsites were analyzed and compared with the seasons, controls and established standards using descriptive statistical designs. Integrated samples were collected during both wet and dry seasons and analyzed for DO, BOD, ORP, Salinity and pH. The use of 2-way ANOVA, t-test, graphs and mean variation were applied to explain trend and variations. The results show that there was no significant difference in temporal dimension (seasonally) but high level spatial variation (stations) in most parameters occurred. Most chemical/ gross organic pollutants showed higher level concentrations during the dry season. Though some of the parameters were relatively low compared to standard limits; the study revealed that these dumpsites remain major polluting sources to the surrounding surface and ground water regimes. In order to recover these dumpsites from acute contamination, state government should ensure the use active remediation processes and treatment to reduce the effects of pollution to the ecosystem
EVALUATION OF PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF ROSEMARY PLANT IN CONTAMINATED SOILS WITH CADMIUM AND ZINC
No full textFor evaluation of Phytoremediation potential of Rosemary plant in contaminated soils with Cadmium and Zinc, Two Greenhouse pot culture experiments were conducted in Fars Education Center of Jahad-e-Agriculture- Aliabad kamin. Treatments included soil cadmium with six levels (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 ppm) and zinc with six levels (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm). Each treatment was replicated three times. In this study, cadmium sulfate and zinc sulfate were used, for contaminate soil samples different amounts of salts dissolved in distilled water and sprayed on the soil. The results showed, with increasing cadmium and zinc concentrations in soil, cadmium and zinc concentration increased in root and shoots. The highest cadmium and zinc transfer factor was observed in treatment 80 and 25 ppm respectively. Maximum bio accumulation factor for cadmium and zinc obtained from 80 and 400 ppm respectively. Rosemary plant can fix the elements of cadmium and zinc and transfer it to the shoot
IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ON THE HEALTH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF OGBA/EGBEMA/NDONI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA (ONELGA), RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe study intends to investigate the impact of solid waste disposal on the health of secondary school students in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area in Rivers State. Two research questions guided the study. This study adopted a descriptive study design. The study was carried out in Secondary schools in Ogba Egbema Ndoni L.G.A. The target population of the study was all students, teachers, and administrators of secondary school in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni LG.A. The sample size of 200 people was randomly selected from five secondary schools in ONELGA for the study. The researcher used a sampling method to adequately manipulate the enormous population. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The test already possesses face and content validity before it was administered. The data for this study was collected directly by the researcher through the students, teachers, and proprietors of the selected schools in ONELGA. Data collected were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. Frequency distributions and other descriptive statistics were used to present data. The findings of the study revealed that there has been an impact of solid waste disposal on the health of secondary school students in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area in Rivers State. The researcher, therefore, recommended that there should be adequate dumping sites for solid waste provided by the government for schools, the dumping sites for refuse should be far away from the school environment. Wastes disposal equipment should be provided for schools to avoid dumping waste in the environment and to also avoid the decay of these wastes in the school environment to avoid many diseases, there should be funds raised for programs to orientate students on proper waste management
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN OGBA/EGBEMA/NDONI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA (ONELGA) RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThis study is geared at investigating the environmental and health effect of waste management in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni local government area of Rivers State. The target is, to study the environmental challenges, health challenges as well as economic challenges caused by improper waste management in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Survey design is deemed appropriate for this study because it involves the gathering data on research issues as they were at the period of research. Random sampling technique was used to gather data. The sample size was made up of 400 male and female of different areas of the local government area. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while hypotheses were tested using regression at 0.05 level of significance. The research revealed that the relationship between environmental and health effects of waste management in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni local government area was moderate (r = -.560). The R-square value of 0.313 indicated roughly a contribution of 31% of waste management to their health. Therefore, the regression equation shows that shows an increase in poor waste management may lead to a concomitant decrease in the state of health in the area. The research then found out that improper waste management can have negative impacts on both the environment and public health. Results obtained also proved that as you move away from the dumpsite the impact is not as severely affected as those who are closer to the dumpsite. The government and municipalities should revise laws regarding the locations of dumpsites. These laws should include properly managed sites, which are well fenced in and away from human settlements