Journal of Global Ecology and Environment
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EFFECT OF ORGANIC BIOSTIMULANTS ON PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF PEACH UNDER SAIS PLAIN CLIMATIC CONDITION
No full textThe improvement of crops quality and productivity, and the environment quality is an important problem worldwide. Due to the increased need for agricultural products and climate change, new tools has been developed that enhance plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses .Therefore the use of plant biostimulants (formally known as bioeffectors), may be promising alternative to chemical methods, has become common practice in agriculture in stimulating growth .In this context our experiment was conducted in a conventional peach orchard in the Fez-Meknes region. Peach is an important cultivar in Morocco in general ; thanks to its good productivity with high-quality fruits.We chose peach for its place in the region\u27s arboreal sector, its vulnerability to the effects of water stress and its growing demand in the market. The objective of our experiment is to study the effect of stimulants on the yield and quality of Peach (Prunus persica) in the face of biotic and abiotic stresses in the Sais Plain. The experiment was spread over two seasons on three-year-old trees. It consisted of the application of organic biostimulants (Vitazyme, Protifert LMW10, Protifert LMW6.3, Protifert Zinc and Naturfer), in order to study their effects on: fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh weight, core weight, Sugar content and titratable acidity. The analysis of the results via the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software showed that the organic biostimulants studied have, in general, a positive effect on the improvement of the yield of the peach tree. This effect is particularly marked in the second year. Regarding the quality of peaches we found that the application of biostimulants increases the content of sugars in the fruit
COMMUNITY PERCEPTION ON IMPACT OF LAND USE PRACTICES ON WATER QUALITY OF STREAMS IN AWASH BASIN, ETHIOPIA
No full textThe effects of the land cover change have impact on quality of the watersheds in Ethiopia by changing surface and ground water quality which in turn effecting livelihood of communities directly depending on these watersheds. Present study was aimed at assessing the impacts of land use changes on water quality of the streams in Awash basin. Sampling sites were selected based on existing land use practices and accordingly six sampling sites were selected along Awash basin. A random sampling technique was used to select study sites to assess the perception of the community about impact of land use on quality of the streams. Data was collected from primary sources which includes household survey, field data and GIS analyses. Likert scale was employed to gather information concerning perception of local community on water use and quality, and their participation in catchment management. Catchment land use data was collected after stratification of the sites along the catchment and the location of sites using global positioning system (GPS) model. An integrated GPS receiver was used to plot field coordinates of sampling sites. ArcView or Arc/Info programs were used to access the database, manipulate the data, and produce a product. The standard deviation and coefficient of variations were used in order to know the variation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to compare the physicochemical parameters among the sites. The geo-spatial analysis revealed that, out of the total 12091 hectares land cover, 8182.20 hectare (67.67%) covered with farm land, 1206.76 hectares (9.98%) covered with forest, 1640.87 hectares (13.57%) covered with grazing land and 1061.21 hectares (8.79%) covered with community land. The farm size analysis of respondents indicated that about 56.8% (75) of respondents owned farm size of 0.5 hectares to 1 hectare, about 41.6% (55) of them owned farm size of 1.5 hectare to 2 hectare whereas only 1.5% (2) of the households owned farm size of greater than 2 hectares. Regarding results on the perception of different activities along Awash River corridor along the streams, about 86% respondents perceived that the livestock grazing on the river corridor is detrimental to the environment, about 82.6% respondents perceived crop production along the river corridor has detrimental effect. Of total 132 respondents, only 48 respondents agreed that overgrazing and livestock access to water bodies have negative effects on water quality. Effect of agriculture-crop land expansion to the river corridor on water quality was assessed and results revealed that 43.20% agreed that these activities have negative effect on water quality. Regarding impact of clearing of forest in riparian corridor for agriculture and firewood on water quality, 98 respondents strongly agreed that this factor has a negative effect on water quality. About 93.9% respondents agreed that climate change has a definite impact on water resources of the area. Perception of the respondents on water quality rating of the study sites revealed 65% rated site 6 as poor water quality and 75% of the respondent’s rated site 5 as poor quality. The correlation between various pollutant parameters among study sites indicated that, phosphates, nitrates and ammonia had no significance differences among study sites whereas dissolved oxygen, BOD had shown a significant difference among study sites
SEASONAL ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS ALONG THE ESTUARIAN REGION OF DHAMRA, EAST COAST OF INDIA: A SPECIAL APPROACH THROUGH DISTRIBUTION MAPS AND CORRELATION MATRIX
No full textDhamra estuary region is located at latitude 20046’09.74’’N and longitude 86059’26.90’’E. Heavy metals and metalloids, while happening at higher fixations, become serious toxic substances for every single living life form including human. For example, an extreme amount of Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) components could be harmful to the living cells, and a drawn-out presentation to the body can cause illness of death. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of the heavy metals viz., Mercury (Hg), Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Molybdenum (Mo), and Cadmium (Cd) and also their distribution in the water collected from the eastern part of Bay of Bengal from four different estuary locations of Dhamra coast, Odisha. Overall, we found that heavy metal dominance in Dhamra estuary region was in order of Zn>Cu>Fe> V>Cr> Ni> Co> As>Mo> Mn>Pb> Hg> Cd. As most of the heavy metals were found in the surface water of Dhamra estuary,It may be due to basically by two factors; the first one is the riverine influence through both Baitarani and Brahmani river. The second one is Dhamra port activities and fishing harbour
MOISTURE CONTENT AND TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE CONSERVATION AND GERMINATION OF Mimusops kummel SEEDS: AN EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS
No full textCurrently, many tree species and their habitats are being threatened because of anthropogenic and climate changing factors. Thus, experiments about seed storage and germination responses of tree species are crucial for the identification of proper conservation methods. This study aims to identify proper seed pretreatments and examine the effect of moisture content (20.6, 7.06 and 3.7%), storage conditions (room temperature, +4◦C and −10◦C) and different storage periods over 12 months on the seed germination and storage behavior of Mimusops kummel A. DC. Seed germination significantly (P = .01) varied from 30% (hot water treatment) to 100% (sand sowing media). Significant effects of seed moisture content and storage temperature (P < .001) and the interaction effect of these two factors (P = .004) on seed germination and storage behavior were recorded. Although, the storage period had non-significant effect on the germination percentage of seeds, 3.7% moisture content and –10 °C temperature are the most appropriate levels of seed moisture and storage condition respectively for long-term storage. Likewise, for temporary storage, 7.06% seed moisture content and +4°C storage temperature are preferred. The seeds of M. kummel reveal orthodox storage behavior hence can be stored for a long time without losing its viability. The M. kummel seed shows non-physiological dormancy which means it can easily germinate in a controlled environment with the sand or filter paper media. The germination is also improved by cold storage
JOHN PASSMORE ON MAN’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR NATURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEFORESTATION IN NIGERIA
No full textIn current day Nigeria, the environmental problems are teething and little or nothing is being done to curb these problems. This work is on John Passmore’s Man’s Responsibility for Nature: Implications for deforestation in Nigeria. According to this study, deforestation is defined as the long-term drop of tree cover below the minimal 10 percent criterion. The work also exposes the views of Passmore, which is that man should see himself as a steward of nature and, therefore, should not adopt a despotic attitude in relation to nature but rather be a gardener of nature. The problem that this work addresses is that of human relations with the environment, which is said to be despotic. Thus, the work looks at the problem of deforestation, its causes, and its effects in Nigeria. The work employed the method of critical analysis to get a better understanding of the issue of deforestation in Nigeria and the implications of Passmore’s view on man’s responsibility for nature on the issue of deforestation in Nigeria. Consequently, the work recommends, amongst others, that Nigerians adopt Passmore’s view of man-nature relationship, where man is nothing but a steward and should take care of nature just as God takes care of man. 
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS BASED ON DATA OF DIFFERENT GEOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF A CORE FROM SEBKHA ENNOUAL, SOUTHEASTERN TUNISIA: HOLOCENE SUN-DRIVEN CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY
No full textThe aim of this work is to investigate the sedimentary cycles recorded along a 160 cm core carried out at the Ennoual wetland. Sampling had taken place every 2 cm in order to reucperate 80 samples. The Holocene cyclostratigraphy is controlled by the solar activity. It is Sun-driven. The spectral analysis visualizes obvious cycles probably having astronomical, atmospheric and oceanographic origins. On the one hand, based on the spectral analysis of Na and K values, millennial cycles of ≈ 2500 yr, and 1000 yr related to solar forcing are found out. On the other hand, the 1500 yr cycle is related to thermohaline circulation is extracted from the spectral analysis of Ca values
COLLECTION, ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROALGAE FROM PADDY SOIL AT KADAWA IRRIGATION FARMLAND, KANO STATE
No full textThe success of any microalgal research involves effective methods for sampling environments, isolation, purification and the maintenance of algal strains. The isolation of soil microalgae poses a great challenge since the soil is a home for thousands of different species, including algal species, bacteria, viruses and fungi. As such cultures are susceptible to contamination, which may interfere with algal structure, biomass yield and the erroneous identification of species for molecular genetic analysis. The most common methods for isolation and purification of microalgae are the single cell isolation, serial dilution and a streak plate. This procedure is tedious, time consuming, demands precision and expertise and may not yield results. Thus in the present study, an attempt was made to modify these methods for the isolation of soil microalgae. With the modification, three microalgal sp. were isolated, purified and identified (viz Chlorella vulgaris, Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus obliquus) in a simplified manner.  
CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF RHIZOBIA ISOLATES FROM ROOT NOODLES OF SELECTED WEED SPECIES AND SOYBEAN (Glycine max) TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
No full textScreening and selecting the most effective strains of rhizobium is important for biological nitrogen fixation. To determine the effects of environmental factors on rhizobia strains associated with some selected leguminous weed species, rhizobia strains isolated from root nodules of five weed species (Mimosa pudica, Crotolaria retusa, Desmodium triflorum, Canavalina ensiformis, Stylosanthes spp.) were subjected to varying temperature, salinity, and pH in the laboratory. Results indicated better growths at temperatures of 30 and 370C compared to the temperature of 250C. Results further showed that microbial growth was optimal at 1.5% salt concentration. Optimum growth was also obtained at the pH range of 5 and 8. The study further revealed by a series of morphological and biochemical tests that all the strains were gram-negative, rod-shaped, and mucous producing. Rhizobia strains from leguminous weeds were found to exhibit faster growth than the strain nodulating soybean in all the conditions to which they were subjected. A cross inoculation study was therefore recommended to access the compatibility of these rhizobial strains from the wild with cultivated leguminous plant species
REPRESENTATIONS OF GROUNDWATER PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS NEAR THE SUBURB AREA OF ASAN RIVER (UTTARAKHAND), INDIA
No full textWater, as an excellent solvent, dissolves minerals in the geological system. Several factors, such as chemical weathering of the rocks, influence the physicochemical nature of groundwater. Because of the presence of contamination in groundwater, people living in metropolitan cities are more likely to suffer from certain health problems. The current study was carried out to examine the various groundwater parameters in five suburban area of Asan River (Chandrabani, Badowala, NayagoanMallan, Parval Village and Herbertpur) Dehradun, and to check its fitness for drinking. Eight water quality variables/parameter (pH, TDS, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Chloride, Nitrate) were selected for this analysis. Twenty samples of groundwater were collected from the five sampling sites by using 1 litre sterile polyethylene bottles during a period of six months. The pH and TDS were estimated by Digital soil and water analysis kit, alkalinity, chloride, total hardness (Ca &Mg) was determined by titration methods. The formula was used to calculate the total suspended solid. The concentration of nitrate in ground water samples was determined using a spectrophotometer. The results of the analysis were compared to the BIS standards for drinking water (IS 10500:1991). Further, the groundwater was classified on the basis of Freez and Cherry [1], Sawyer and Mccarty [2] and Stuyfzand\u27s Classification
PREVALENCE OF MALARIA AND VECTOR ABUNDANCE IN AMICHI COMMUNITY, NNEWI SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
No full textAim: Members of the Amichi community are easily prone to the bites of mosquitoes. This study was conducted in the Amichi village in Nigeria\u27s Nnewi South L.G.A. to determine the prevalence of malaria and the abundance of mosquito vectors. Malaria parasites in the blood were found using blood preparation and microscopy.
Methodology: 232 people from the town\u27s ten settlements, including 135 men (61.15%) and 97 women (60.82%), took part in the survey. Participants were separated into 8 groups with ten-year intervals and ranged in age from 0 to 80. 142 (61.21%) of the 232 persons that were checked tested positive for malaria parasites. Plasmodium falciparum 135 (95.07%), Plasmodium malariae 6 (4.23%), and Plasmodium ovale 1 (0.70%) were the malaria parasites found in the study. Malaria prevalence was highest in the age group 51–60 years (16, 72.72%) and lowest in the age group 21–30 years (12, 50.00%). Age-related differences in the prevalence of malaria were not significant (p>0.05; 11.07, df=14). Males had a little higher infection rate than females (59(60.82%)), although this difference was not statistically significant (0.548 d.f = 2, p>0.05).
Results: Farmers were marginally more likely to contract malaria than other occupational categories, but there were significant differences among them (P>0.05). Anopheles gambiae larvae made up 51 (14.63%) of the 351 mosquito larvae collected, with Aedes albopictus larvae making up 117 (33.33%), and the result was statistically significant (694.6 d.f.=12; P0.05). Anopheles gambiae produced the highest yield of mosquitoes, 12 (46.15%), while Aedes albopictus produced the lowest, and the Pyrethrum Knockdown collection (PKC) of indoor biting and resting adult mosquitoes produced 26 mosquitoes in 4 villages.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that Anopheles gambiae breed in all villages thus every person in the town is at risk of malaria attack. Attributes of the rate of exposure of the study population to vector bites due to the nature of their work and standard of living from a factor in the transmission pattern of the disease. Mass education of the people n malaria infection, prevention, and control through environmental management will go a long way in helping to alleviate malaria infection in this and other communitie