Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
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A Novel Method of Extraction and Purification of Bacterial DNA for PCR Detection of MecA, 16SrRNA, VanB
Get PDFBacteria are the main pest of nosocomial infections in healthcare facilities around the world. The aim of this study is to modify and minimize the amount of time, while still having no influence on the extraction's purity of DNA the method of extracting the DNA molecule and compare it with other methods that take longer to extract and purify DNA. This study examined two processes for isolating DNA from Gram-positive bacterial species: a boiling method and an enzymatic method that took one hour. In addition, the collected DNA was subjected to spectrophotometry, agarose gel electrophoresis, and PCR for both quantitative and qualitative examination. The results presented in this work show that boiling method pretreatment facilitates efficient cell lysis and DNA extraction, leading to increased yields of isolated bacterial DNA. In addition, DNA suitability for PCR-based identification of mecA,16SrRNA, VanB to Gram positive S. aureus strains was analyzed. Our findings demonstrated that the DNA generated by this simple approach is low-cost, quick, and safe, and that the process may be utilized in PCR methods on a wide range of gram-positive and gram negative species, as well as in laboratories without the necessary materials, tools, or technolog
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND DRUG RESISTANCE
Get PDFMethicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most successful modern pathogens of community and hospital acquired bacterial infections. MRSA can lead to diverse infection such as bacteremia, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections and hospital- acquired infections . As well as genetically diverse, the epidemiology of MRSA is primarily characterized by the serial emergence of epidemic strains. MRSA still poses a formidable clinical threat, with persistently high morbidity and mortality. They are also becoming increasingly multi-drug resistant and have recently developed resistance to vancomycin, which has been used successfully to treat MRSA for many years . Successful treatment remains challenging and requires the evaluation of novel antimicrobials. In Conclusion the emergence of CA-MRSA and VRSA isolates is changing the management of clinical infections potentially caused by S. aureus. Rapid methods for accurate detection of MRSA are needed to promptly identify patients and implement contact precautions as well as appropriate treatment. Molecular genotyping techniques have an important role in evaluating possible outbreaks and for understanding of the emergence and evolution of MRSA strain
Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes in Children
Get PDFIn 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a new clinical practice guideline for defining hypertension in children as an update to the previous Fourth Report guidelines issued in 2004. Prevalence of confirmed pediatric hypertension in children has ranged from 2% to 4% based on previous guidelines yet it is unknown what the prevalence is under the new guideline. We estimated the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, stage 1, and stage 2 hypertension by the new American Academy of Pediatrics guideline in our school-based blood pressure screening program. New prevalence estimates were compared with Fourth Report prevalence estimates in the same population by sex, age, and height factors. In 22 224 students aged 10 to 17 years screened in school as part of the Houston Pediatric and Hypertension Program at the University of Texas McGovern Medical School, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (previously called prehypertension) increased from 14.8% by Fourth Report to 16.3% by the new American Academy of Pediatrics guideline. This increase in elevated blood pressure resulted from differential classification changes in younger and older children. Prevalence of confirmed hypertension remains at 2% to 4% in this population, however shorter children <13 years old and taller, older children 13+ years old are systematically more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension by new guidelines.
PREVENTION OF CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES
Get PDFThe human cardiovascular system, which was formed in the process of biological evolution, has not changed significantly throughout the history of mankind. But our way of life is very different from the way of life of our distant, and even not very distant, ancestors. Then movement, obtaining food, creating housing and all other types of activity required constant and large expenditures of muscle strength from a person. And the human circulatory system is initially oriented precisely towards such an intensely active lifestyle. For its normal functioning, for example, a person must walk at least 6 km a day, and this is daily! By our urban standards today, many people cannot afford to walk even one or two bus stops; there is no time for i
Isolation and diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus from wounds and detection of some virulence factors
Get PDFThe current study aimed to isolate and diagnose S. aureus, test its antibiotic susceptibility, and detect some virulence factors. 150 Clinical samples were collected from Kirkuk Hospital in Kirkuk city for the period from December 2023 to March 2024 from patients who were admitted and hospitalized after consulting the specialist doctor and referring him to the laboratory. Colonies of S. aureus were diagnosed based on the culturing characteristics of the colonies growing on mannitol salt agar medium and blood agar media and incubated at 37 0C for 24 hrs. The results showed that 47 (31.3%) of the samples showed bacterial growth. On the other hand, the results showed that S. aureus was highly resistant to Benzylpenicillin (81.8%), while it was very sensitive to both Nitrofurantion and Gentamicin (90.9%). A DNase test was conducted for clinical isolates of S. aureus, which were isolated from burns and wounds, and the results were 100% in terms of the susceptibility of S. aureus isolates to DNase results. The ability of 47 isolates of S. aureus to produce hemolysin was tested by culturing the bacteria on blood agar medium. The ratios of S. aureus isolates to haemolysin production varied, as evidenced by the data, with 39 (82.98%) isolates exhibiting complete hemolysis. It is concluded from the current study that S. aureus that was isolated from wounds was highly resistant to antibiotics and had dangerous harmful factors that increased the bacterial level in infections
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLUEBERRY VARIETIES PLANTS INTRODUCED IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF TASHKENT REGION
Get PDFThe duration of the growing season of blueberry varieties, which are introduced into the conditions of the central climate of Uzbekistan, is in the range of 213-221 days. In this case, the shortest period is 213 days in the Toro and Darrou varieties, the longest period is 220-221 days in the Patriot and Legasi varieties, and the duration of the growing season of the remaining varieties is in the range of 215-218 day
STUDY THE EFFECT OF HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS SOME ANTIOXIDANT FACTORS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS
Get PDFThe current work was aimed to study the effect of Hylocereus polyrhizus some antioxidant factors in CKD patients and healthy persons. An overall total of (80) CKD patients were included in this study. The patients were between the ages of 20 and 60. Each patient's case information sheet was compiled with information on their name, age, sex, marital status, place of residence, history of chronic diseases, history of drug use, history of smoking, and type of operation. These patients were hospitalized to Kirkuk, Iraq's Kirkuk Teaching Hospital between April and July 2022. 50 healthy individuals served as the control group in this experiment. testing for a few biological elements. The analysis of the peel extract from H. polyrhizus revealed the presence of saponin, flavonoid, tannin, polyphenol, alkaloid, quinone, and terpenoid compounds. Total antioxidant capacity level in male and female were showed significant (P≤0.05) reduced in comparison to the heath group. After using dragon fruits extract, Total antioxidant capacity level were improved and there was non-significant (P≤0.05) changes in comparison to the heath group. Total oxidant status level in male and female were showed significant (P<0.05) elevated in comparison to the heath group. After using dragon fruits extract, Total oxidant status level (951.8±57.4) were improved and there was non-significant (P≤0.05) changes in comparison to the heath group. Based on the results of the current study, it was found that dragon fruits extract has an effective role as an antioxidant
STUDY OF THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF DIABETES ON THE OVERALL HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS
Get PDFThalassemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by chronic anemia, requiring regular blood transfusions and chelation therapy. Diabetes mellitus is a common complication in thalassemia patients, primarily due to iron overload affecting the pancreas. This study investigates the long-term effects of diabetes on the overall health and quality of life in thalassemia patients. The research aims to understand how diabetes exacerbates complications associated with thalassemia and to identify strategies for improved management and care. The study includes a cohort of thalassemia patients with diabetes, compared to a control group of thalassemia patients without diabetes. Parameters assessed include glycemic control, incidence of diabetes-related complications, and overall health markers such as liver function, cardiovascular health, and renal function. Quality of life is measured using standardized questionnaires addressing physical, emotional, and social well-being. Preliminary findings indicate that thalassemia patients with diabetes have a significantly higher incidence of comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease and renal impairment (De Sanctis et al., 2016). Additionally, the quality of life in these patients is notably lower, with increased reports of fatigue, pain, and psychological distress (Haines et al., 2013). Effective management of diabetes in thalassemia patients, through regular monitoring and tailored treatment plans, is crucial in mitigating these adverse effects and improving patient outcomes (Farmaki et al., 2006). This study underscores the importance of integrated care approaches for thalassemia patients with diabetes, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary teams to address the complex interplay of these conditions. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions that can enhance the long-term health and quality of life for this vulnerable patient population. Results: study indicated that plant extracts exhibited higher inhibition than antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) while the results of the lowest inhibitory concentration of carvacrol for the bacterial species under study showed that it had an effect at a concentration of 615 µg/ml against Escherichia coli, 307.5 µg/ml for the species Corynebacterium stratium, Morganella morganii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the least effect was 76.875 µg/ml on Staphylococcus aureus, it gave less results than the antibiotic used Carvacrol (Absorbance was measured at Wavelength 600)
EVALUATION OF MODIFIED CONGO RED AGAR FOR DETECTION OF BIOFILM PRODUCING MDR KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONAIE CLINICAL ISOLATES
Get PDFThe notoriety of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae extends beyond nosocomial or community acquired infections, since it is a major cause of biofilm-related infections. The utilization of a very specific or distinct media, Congo Red Agar (CRA), for detection of biofilm, has significant drawbacks, including inconsistencies in the creation of black pigment. In this study, an assessment of Modified Congo Red Agar (MCRA), for detection of biofilm, was performed on 23 multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae strains obtained from various clinical samples. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and dependability of Modified Congo Red Agar (MCRA) as an alternative medium for studying biofilm production to the non modified Congo Red Agar. Also to examine the prevalence of the fimH gene, which is necessary for biofilm formation among these isolates. Lastly to determine the relationship between antibiotic resistance, the presence of the fimH gene, and the ability to produce biofilm among K. pneumonaie strains. These strains were diagnosed according to their specific bacteriological characteristics. After assessing antibiotic susceptibility, all MDR K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited the presence of the fimH gene using the PCR method. On CRA 20 isolates were strong biofilm producer as they appeared as black colored colonies, two were moderate biofilm producer (pink colored) and only 1 was non biofilm producer ( red colored) colony. On MCR the same results for biofilm production to CRA, except for one colony differed as it appeared red (non biofilm producer) on MCRA and pink (moderate biofilm producer) on CRA. However, the growth of 75% blackness pigment of MDR K. pneumoniae strains on the CRA decreased over time. The phenotypic pigmentation on CRA was enhanced by modifying the contents of the agar that led to the persistent development of a highly concentrated black pigment in isolates containing the fimH gene for 2 to 4 days, with no drop in pigmentation seen over time. The change of the agar ingredient enabled the stable synthesis of black pigment and also resulted in a reduction in the cost of agar preparation. Key Words: Biofilm, Congo Red Agar, fimH gene, Modified Congo Red Agar, MDR K. pneumonaie
HELICOBACTER PYLORI: FROM DISCOVERY TO MODERN-DAY TREATMENTS
Get PDFHelicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium, was first identified in the early 1980s as a major cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Its discovery revolutionized the understanding of gastric pathology, shifting the paradigm from a solely acid-related etiology to one involving bacterial infection. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of H. pylori, tracing its discovery, pathogenesis, and the evolution of treatment strategies. The initial identification of H. pylori by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren marked a pivotal moment in medical history, leading to widespread recognition of the bacterium's role in gastrointestinal diseases. The bacterium's unique ability to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach, coupled with its association with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even gastric cancer, has driven extensive research into its biology and pathogenic mechanisms. Modern-day treatments for H. pylori have evolved significantly from the early use of single-agent antibiotics to the current standard of triple or quadruple therapy, which combines proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with multiple antibiotics. This approach aims to overcome antibiotic resistance and enhance eradication rates. Newer treatment strategies also focus on optimizing therapy duration, minimizing side effects, and addressing resistance patterns. Advancements in diagnostic techniques, such as breath tests, stool antigen tests, and endoscopic biopsy-based methods, have improved the accuracy of H. pylori detection and monitoring. The ongoing research into alternative treatments, including novel antibiotics and probiotics, reflects a growing understanding of the bacterium's role in gastric diseases and the need for effective, personalized therapeutic approaches. In summary, the journey from the discovery of H. pylori to the development of modern treatments illustrates significant progress in gastrointestinal medicine. Continued research and innovation are essential to addressing the challenges of eradication and improving patient outcomes in the management of H. pylori-related diseases