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A scoping review of interventions used with individuals with dyslexia to improve their writing performance
Get PDFDevelopmental dyslexia is the common term for the neurobiological disorder known as “Specific Learning Disorder in Reading” in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5. It is believed that 14% of students in the United States of America have this diagnosis (Dyslexia Basics - International Dyslexia Association, n.d.). Dyslexia can significantly impact the academic, vocational, social, and emotional aspects of a person’s life, disrupting their meaningful engagement in occupations. Because dyslexia is a complex language disorder with multiple phenotypes and symptoms, no one profession can address all areas of difficulty. Occupational therapists are often brought into interdisciplinary teams in schools to support the writing of students with dyslexia. Historically occupational therapists have worked within a very limited scope, most commonly to address the individual prerequisite components of writing, such as visual motor and perceptual skills, fine motor skills, cognitive and executive function skills, and sensory processing skills (Grajo & Gutman, 2019.)
Given the broad range of skills and practice scope that occupational therapists have, and in keeping with the current emphasis on top-down approaches and consideration of how literacy impacts the child's life role as a student, it is time for occupational therapists to consider best practice for occupational therapy interventions in supporting the occupation of transcription for students with dyslexia.
Objective
A scoping review with narrative synthesis was conducted to ascertain the strategies being used currently to improve the writing of students with dyslexia. The knowledge gained from the review was used to inform the overarching aim of this thesis: To guide occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists working under an interdisciplinary team model in supporting the occupation of transcription for students with dyslexia.
Method
Articles for this scoping review were identified through a computerised search of five electronic databases accessible by the Otago Polytechnic library: PubMed, ProQuest Central, Taylor and Francis, Cinahl, and ERIC. To ensure current and relevant information was considered, each article's date of publication was within ten years of the current year, 2010 - 2020. The literature search procedure was complimented by manually scanning the reference lists of retrieved articles. This identified two articles outside the inclusion dates. Because these articles were named in multiple reference lists, they were considered relevant and important to current thinking and thus included. Articles were evaluated according to predetermined criteria for inclusion at the title, abstract, and article levels. Seven articles were selected for review. Descriptive content analysis was used to map the current use of strategies and interventions.
Results
This scoping review identified that the strategy currently used and recommended to improve the writing of students with dyslexia is interdisciplinary team collaboration, including and prioritising the student's family, individualising, and providing explicit multi- component interventions. The necessity of understanding the language and interpretations of other professionals in the field in order to be an effective and respected team member was highlighted. The purpose of this review was to use the new knowledge to guide occupational therapists and speech-language pathologists working under an interdisciplinary team model in supporting the occupation of transcription for students with dyslexia. It is very clear from the findings that it is time for occupational therapists to reconsider their current roles and create the opportunity to increase their functional role in literacy. There is plenty of space in this complex field for occupational therapists to upskill and embrace literacy holistically while remaining within their scope of practice
He Pou Herenga Waka: A beating cultural heart for Whangārei Terenga Parāoa, with mana firmly held by hapū, open for all as a place to come together, enjoy and be part of
No full textPĀTAI MATUA
Research question
How can a co-design process conducted through Māori values facilitate and promote healthy and more well-connected public architecture within Whangārei?
Sub question/s
1. What are the implications of a Kaupapa Māori Co-design process on the development of a community-based urban marae within the Whangārei city centre?
2. How can the presence of Te Ao Māori be expressed and reclaim Māori notions of identity within the Whangārei built environment?
3. How does architecture expressive of Te Ao Māori, enhance the living presence of ahi kaa, whānau and hapū that connect through whakapapa to this land? (Okara pā)
TUHINGA WHAKARAPOPOTO
Abstract
For centuries, the Eurocentric perspective has dominated the architecture of many towns and cities, resulting in a historic lack of Māori architectural presence in Aotearoa. However, increased awareness of our obligations to Te Tiriti o Waitangi, has seen a growing societal commitment to prioritising Te Ao Māori in the future development of our multicultural communities. In order to do this well and create buildings that reflect Te Ao Māori authentically, non-indigenous groups and entities must engage and collaborate with Māori at all levels of the design process.
Co-design as a methodology is one way to carry out architectural design that promotes cultural collaboration. The purpose of co design is to provide space to design with, rather than for people.
This research explores kaupapa Māori co-design as a solution to address issues of under-representation, disconnection, and a lack of architectural presence. It highlights the cultural context and significance of the selected site, Ōkara Pā, formerly known as the Old Boys Rugby Club, located on Ōkara hill in the Whangārei city centre and seeks to create a genuine and meaningful kaupapa Māori design process for the development of this site. The design process included collaborative partnerships with pakeke from the Te Huinga Hapū forum (representatives of all the local hapū regions of Whangarei) and rangatahi Māori who descend from Whangārei hapū.
The vision for this project is to create “a beating cultural heart for Whangārei Terenga Parāoa, with mana firmly held by hapū, open for all as a place to come together, enjoy and be part of.” This statement was developed alongside the two rōpu that partnered on this project and provides the foundation for outcome-based architectural design. Through kaupapa Māori co-design methods such as wānanga and kōrero a kanohi, this partnership resulted in a Master Plan for a new urban marae for Whangārei Terenga Parāoa on Okara pā. My hope is that this research will create momentum and progress toward the long-term aspirations of local hapū to reclaim and acknowledge ancestral sites of significance within Whangārei
Establishing a comprehensive invertebrates and vegetation inventory of Auckland Zoo, Aotearoa/ New Zealand
No full textInvertebrates are major contributors to biodiversity with important roles in ecosystem function but are often overlooked in conservation work in favour of larger, charismatic species. Invertebrates living outside of captive conditions may have the potential to affect zoo activities, and it has been suggested that zoos might contribute to invertebrate conservation programs by providing suitable habitat for these organisms. In this study, a survey of invertebrates living in non-fenced areas of Auckland Zoo was carried out to explore the relationship between the vegetation and invertebrate communities throughout the zoo grounds. A total of 6,133 invertebrate specimens were collected in pitfall traps over a ten-day period in January of 2018. Using morphospecies as surrogates for species, differences in invertebrate community structure in different non-fenced areas were assessed. No significant relationship between native vegetation and native invertebrates was detected
Drone survey of Tapuwae Inc
No full textThe area surveyed covers the land of Tapuwae Incorporated in Te Taitokerau, Aotearoa/New Zealand. As part of a rapidly changing landscape, Hokianga’s changing natural and ecological characteristics require significant spatially relevant information to inform proper management and effective plans for the preservation and enhancement of the area’s biological, social, cultural, and economic treasures. The changes in the landscape that impact features of the area underpin the need to build a geographic information system (GIS) that provides information including highly detailed imagery of the existing land cover and geological features, landcover and vegetation characteristics.
This mahi is aimed at developing detailed imagery for the description and characterisation of land cover providing relevant information and knowledge of the landscape. Flying a drone with high resolution imagery and processing in a GIS (Geographic Information System) resulted in maps of the area that allow one to closely visualize details of the ground and 3D models that allow interaction with the imagery. This report covers the results of a drone survey conducted on the 10-12th July and a follow-up flight on 21st - 23rd of September 2020. Highlights of the results refer to the maps developed and a detailed technical report at the end of the figures is included
Disrupting Western hegemonic approaches to social work education for Pacific learners
No full textIn a context where disruption is on the horizon and a new unified curriculum will soon begin to shape the context of social work education in Aotearoa, there is a very real threat that difference and diversity may be overlooked and fall to the hegemony of western individualised approaches. It is therefore imperative to recognise the diversity within our cohort of learners, to maintain practices that work, and to continue to focus on parity of outcomes.
This presentation will highlight the ways that supportive processes have contributed to student success with a particular focus on Pacific learners in Unitec’s social practice degree programme. It will highlight best practice within the creation of a support system called "Fono". The social practice Fono was created as a place where Pacific students go to complement their learning journey in a culturally safe and supportive place. This initiative came about after research was conducted by the Pacific Centre and social practice leadership on how to increase parity for Pacific students in addition to recruitment and retention. Talanoa style research has since been undertaken with a small group of Pacific students who are in the later stages of their degrees and have been the cornerstone of the ongoing success of Fono. Their experiences align with research around best practice for engaging and successful Pacific learners. This presentation will be made by lecturers in the programme who teach first year students, one of whom is the designated Pacific Champion for the department. They have an interest in research around the transformative nature of education and the related concept of ako, which can be used to validate the knowledge of a diverse student group
The effectiveness of signage at mitigating visitor-bird interactions at Auckland Zoo
No full textAuckland Zoo has had reports of high levels of visitor-bird interactions in three walkthrough aviaries: red-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii) (RTBC), kea (Nestor notabilis), and kaka (Nestor meridionalis). There is concern that these visitor-bird interactions may have negative impacts on the welfare of both bird and visitor. Current prevention methods of these potentially negative behaviours (PNBs) are volunteer presence and signage. However, there have been few studies investigating how effective these strategies are at reducing visitor interactions. We investigated the frequency of visitor-bird interactions at the three locations to determine who was eliciting them, and did so under two conditions: signage and no signage. Three sign types were trialled. Approximately 40hrs at each enclosure were spent recording the number of visitors and the number of visitors who engaged with a bird, who elicited the interaction, and basic demographics of the visitor involved. Results found visitors elicited interactions three times more often than birds. The kea exhibit had the highest proportion of interactions, compared to the other walkthrough enclosures. Signage was not more effective than no signage at reducing visitor-bird interactions in the kea and RTBC exhibit. Only Sign 1 was more effective than no signage in the kaka exhibit (p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in proportion of PNBs between age groups in any exhibit and only a sex difference in the kea enclosure. It is difficult to speculate why signage had little impact, but anecdotal observations found that volunteers, and even some keepers, would either ignore or encourage visitor-bird interactions. This suggests that visitors may be taking their cue from other people, rather than from informative signs. Indeed, previous research has found that zoo visitors rarely read signage. With signage not being effective at Auckland Zoo, and volunteers not deterring visitors from engaging in PNBs with the birds, future research needs to identify visitor motivations and alternative mitigation strategies to suitably educate visitors on appropriate behaviour with animals
"Diana Looser. Moving islands: Contemporary Performance and the Global Pacific"
No full text[INTRODUCTION]
Adding significantly to the vital canon of literature and discourse on Pacific Theatre, Performance, Art, and Cultural Praxis – and the rich, variegated domain of Oceanic Studies – Diana Looser’s Moving Islands: Contemporary Performance and the Global Pacific provides an excellent map for literal and metaphorical travellers of all kinds. The book subtly unravels developing tropes about “international and intercultural connections within contemporary performance from Oceania, focusing on theater [sic], performance art, art installations, dance, film, and activist performance in sites throughout Oceania and in Australia, Asia, North America, and Europe” (Looser). It’s a big task, but this fine piece of scholarship distils a mammoth discussion of interdisciplinary, intercultural, and intermodal performance with confidence and respect, while simultaneously taking its reader on a journey framed by essential artistic, geographic, cultural, social, political, and economic backdrops. To my mind, the book’s most successful contribution is the elegant way that specific case studies provide lenses through which to see the navigation of Pasifika identities in performance contexts, and its assertion that the Pacific is a vital region of global significance with so much to offer the rest of the planet as we move into the future
Results of the drone survey for Ngaitupoto Ki Motokaraka Trust
No full textThe area covered in this drone survey is located in Kohukohu in Northland and contains the former Motokaraka Dairy Company. It contains a dam, pine forest that is in the process of being harvested and stands of indigenous forest. The survey was conducted to provide spatially relevant information and develop maps that will provide the knowledge required for useful planning and management. This work is carried out for the Ngaitupoto Ki Motokaraka Trust (NKMT) and the survey was conducted in October 2020
Leptospermum hoipolloi (Myrtaceae), a new species from Aotearoa / New Zealand, segregated from Leptospermum scoparium s. l.
No full textLeptospermum hoipolloi de Lange & L.M.H. Schmid sp. nov. (Myrtaceae) is segregated from L. scoparium J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (sensu lato). The new species is endemic to Te Ika a Maui / North Island and the northern part of Te Wai Pounamu / South Island of Aotearoa / New Zealand. The new species is morphologically distinguished from L. scoparium s. str. by the distinctly sericeous, narrower, and longer (up to 30 × 6 mm) lanceolate to elliptic lanceolate leaves, larger (up to 30 mm in diameter) flowers (these white, pink-tinged, pink-streaked or red); capsules up to 15.1 × 14.1 mm (unopened) and 16.6 × 18.0 mm (opened). Three formae are recognised, f. hoipolloi f. nov., for those plants with shorter, narrower, glabrescent leaves, mostly white (occasionally pink tinged or red) flowers, and smaller capsules; f. procumbens L.M.H. Schmid & de Lange f. nov., for those plants with a decumbent / prostrate growth habit, and silver-white to silvery grey hairy leaves, larger, white, pink-tinged or pink flowers, and larger capsules; and f. incanum (Cockayne) de Lange & L.M.H. Schmid f. comb. & stat. nov., for those plants previously recognised as L. scoparium var. incanum Cockayne, and which have an erect shrub growth habit, with longer, often broader leaves, whose young and maturing lamina is invested in silvery-grey or grey hairs; larger white, pink-tinged or streaked, pink or red flowers and capsules. Conservation assessments using the New Zealan
Critical Evaluation of Doctoral Dissertations and Theses on Chinese Music in Europe and the United States of America, 1960s-1990s
No full text作为域外中国音乐研究的一个重要组成部分，欧语世界历年来有关中国音乐研究 的学位论文不仅数量可观，更以其丰富各异的研究取向而具有独特的学术意义与参考价值。钩 沉欧语世界中国音乐研究学位论文的研究内容、凸显其选题、特征、方法与视角，对国内深化中 国音乐研究具有一定的学术意义与参照价值