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A new approach for the prevention of sinkhole attack in mobile wireless sensor networks
No full textRESEARCH QUESTIONS
Main research question is: Is it possible to prevent a sinkhole attack on MWSN using a combination of Blowfish and RSA algorithms?
Then it was broken down into the following questions:
Q1: What would be the overhead of using the Blowfish algorithm on MWSN?
Q2: What would be the overhead of using the RSA algorithm on MWSN?
Q3: What is the impact of the key size on the performance of the Blowfish algorithm?
Q4: What is the impact of the block size on the performance of the Blowfish algorithm?
Q5: How much is the combination of the RSA and Blowfish algorithms more accurate than a pure Blowfish algorithm in the prevention of Sinkhole attack in MWSN?
Nowadays, the usage of wireless sensor networks (WSN) is rapidly growing all over the world. For many applications, these networks are deployed in harsh and unreachable environments. As a result, this type of network is faced with many problems. Energy consumption and security are two main challenges of WSN. There are many types of attacks on these networks, of which one of the most serious is Sinkhole attack. This attack is one of the impersonation attacks through which a malicious node advertises the best route to the base station and misguides its neighbours to encourage them to use that route more frequently. The malicious node can alter the messages or drop them or cause an unnecessary delay before forwarding them to the base station.
A subclass of WSN in which the nodes can move and frequently change their locations is called mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN). This type of WSN is more vulnerable to Sinkhole attack as the nodes regularly change their positions and neighbours.
In this thesis, a new lightweight encryption-based method is proposed to prevent Sinkhole attack in MWSN. The proposed method is aimed at reducing energy consumption and increasing the accuracy of the prevention of Sinkhole attack simultaneously. A hybrid encryption algorithm is used, which employs the Blowfish algorithm for encrypting messages to ensure data integrity and security of MWSN against Sinkhole attack. The Blowfish algorithm consumes low resources and is very fast, which makes it ideal for MWSN. To ensure a secure sharing of the Blowfish key between sender and receiver, at the beginning of the process, the sender uses the RSA algorithm to encrypt the Blowfish key. The receiver decrypts the message using its built-in private key.
The experimental results show that while the proposed method significantly enhance the security of MWSN and effectively prevents Sinkhole attack, it does not impose significant overhead on the routing protocol
Políticas de habitação social e seus efeitos na produção do espaco urbano: Um olhar sobre a implementação do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida no município de Gravataí
No full textINTRODUÇÃO
O espaço urbano é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das ativida des, relações e habitar humano. É fruto do trabalho humano (VILLAÇA, 2011), produzido por uma miríade de agentes que, através de suas ações (públicas, privadas, individuais e coligadas, planejadas ou não) (CORREA, 2012), materializam a forma física das cidades.
A urbanização brasileira, historicamente, caracterizou-se por um modelo de segregação e constante expansão das fronteiras urbanizadas. O acelerado crescimento da população urbana, inserido em um processo de desenvolvimento excludente e desigual de sociedade, acarretou significati vos problemas sociais e elevado déficit habitacional. Ainda hoje, a produ ção da cidade brasileira é marcada pela dispersão horizontal que gera vazios em seus espaços interiores. Esses vazios são muitas vezes armazenados como estoque de terra para a reprodução do capital especulativo. Daí surge um paradoxo. O mesmo espaço que é necessário à produção da habitação, im prescindível à sobrevivência human
Day-time roost patterns of new and previously translocated North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)
No full textInformation on the day-time roost areas of North Island brown kiwi (NIBK) (Apteryx mantelli), particularly post-translocation, is limited. This study aimed to determine the day-time roost areas of newly translocated NIBK and compare these with birds that had established from a translocation in the previous year. Radio telemetry was used to monitor sub-adult NIBK in the first three weeks post-translocation simultaneously with birds released in the previous year. The data from 15 birds (nine translocated in 2014 and six translocated in 2013) were used to calculate the area over which roost sites were distributed. Areas were estimated using Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP, Ha) and 50 percentile kernel density estimation (KDE, Ha). No significant difference in MCP was determined between newly translocated 2014 birds (21.3 Ha, SE 7.92) and those translocated in 2013 (22.85 Ha, SE 10.84) or between KDE50 for 2013 birds (16.30 Ha, SE 7.44) compared with 2014 birds (20.66 Ha, SE 8.29). Within the first three weeks post-translocation, most of the 2014 birds remained within the vicinity of their release site, which may be due to a combination of suitable habitat/roost sites and the ‘anchoring’ effect of previously established 2013 birds. This study provides new information on roost areas of newly translocated NIBK and highlights the importance of post-translocation monitoring
A pleasurable methodology: Joyously reimagining our neighbourhoods
No full textThe Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland neighbourhood of Ellerslie has undergone destructive erasures of ecology and indigeneity since colonisation. This is exemplified by the filling with concrete of the sacred subterranean caves, Waiatarua, during the construction of the Ellerslie Racecourse grandstand. This paper argues that this causal act of destruction through architectural procedures, and others geographically similar to it, can be understood as a result of a painful colonial legacy that continues to adversely inform architecture today. In response, a Pleasurable Methodology is proposed as an alternative architectural practice that emotively engages with the immanent whenua of Waiatarua. It speculatively aims to generate neighbourhoods where equality is formed between the vitality and wellbeing of the earth with the wellbeing of the communities that whakapapa and live there. This is crucial to facing the rising inequities of housing, food security and climate facing our cities. As a result of the methodology, experimental drawings are created from an embodied pleasurable engagement between decomposing organic matter as whenua and conventional architectural materials such as wire, paper and clay. This entangled dialogue provokes an emotive neighbourhood where whenua and pleasure fabricate and reimagine a regenerative way of living within our isthmus. This paper’s main findings conclude that by challenging conceptions of land and architecture, we can potentially endeavour to feel and then draw future neighbourhoods where the vitality of whenua is intimately tied to loving communities
Neo-neoliberalist capitalism, intensification by stealth and campus real estate in the modern university in Aotearoa/New Zealand
No full textThis article critiques media commentary on reforms in higher education (HE) and the polytechnic or vocational education and training (VET) in Aotearoa/New Zealand during 2023. It used as its epicentre Gaston’s (2023) opinion piece, particularly on the current round of redundancies, rationalisations and restructurings in the sector in our ‘post-COVID-19’ world. Her suggestion that the reforms as we see them today lead me to explore the origins of neoliberalist ideology in tertiary education in the country, seeking a definition to guide how Aotearoa/New Zealand, in particular, has experienced and manifested neoliberalist policy. The ideology’s emphasis on work intensification and responsibilisation at both the level of the individual and the organization lies at the heart of the rationale. Since 2023 has been a year of mysterious budget holes for many universities and for the emergent super-Polytechnic Te Pūkenga/New Zealand Institute of Skills and Technology, I investigate how the media and public domain materials report the financial state of our tertiary providers. Generating a case study of the University of Otago’s property portfolio, which grew by two billion dollars between 2012 and 2022, I tap into recent critiques of the university as a real estate portfolio and campus as literally ‘flat land’ that has the potential to become a domain less in the name of education than neoliberalist capitalism
Embracing diverse voices within Early Childhood
No full textRESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What philosophies and pedagogies guide teachers in their teaching in early childhood?
2. How do teachers incorporate their cultural values in their teaching?
3. How are teachers influenced by bicultural values in their engagement with learners
A study on the New Zealand North Island power system resilience
No full textExamples of extreme events, where M denotes the number of customers without power in million
New Zealand power system overview
North Island system frequency - 12 November 2013 event
New Zealand North Island backbone diagram (Transpower,2019)
Huntly Unit5 and Stratford gas generator out of service
Wairakei single line to ground fault
Adding Pakuranga and Brownhill road busbars in model
Changing transmission line voltages for Brownhill road and Otahuhu busbar
Reference
A case study of sustainable business model innovation: Bridging the ideation-implementation gap in the New Zealand tertiary education sector
No full textSustainable Business Model Innovation (SBMI) is a nascent concept with few case studies, a paucity of research applied to some contexts and underexplored advantages and challenges. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to develop theory on how to accelerate SBMI and bridge the ideation-implementation gap by assessing the processes employed within the Tertiary Education Sector (TES) and Tertiary Education Organisations (TEOs) in New Zealand, and by exploring the associated barriers and drivers that enable and inhibit innovating the business model for sustainability. Senior managers and staff involved in implementing sustainability at their respective TEOs were interviewed, and secondary data sources were used. Using thematic and comparative analyses, six themes were identified: (1) existing knowledge and awareness, (2) innovating toward sustainability, (3) organisational structure and leadership, (4) resourcing sustainability, (5) measuring sustainability, and (6) external impacts on sustainability.
The six themes revealed several conditions, considerations, and influencing factors that affect the acceleration of SBMI and bridging the gap between ideation and implementation. These include a broadening and diverse understanding of sustainability, culture and individual values, TEO structure, strategic frameworks, planning and policies, locally driven development meeting regional needs, technological solutions, top-level management support, transparent and simple decision-making processes, investment in skills, sufficient and easily accessible resourcing tools to communicate, monitor and assess progress, legislation, government policies, market conditions, and the Sustainable Development Goals. Future research is required to provide more guidance on how organisations and decision-makers can leverage SBMI in the TES, on how to further conceptualise, design, and implement SBMI, and regarding the inclusion of more stakeholders and technologies
Learning support for distance learners : towards the future
No full textFollowing the merger of Bay of Plenty Polytechnic and Waiariki Institute of Technology to become Toi Ohomai Te Pūkenga, the newly formed Te Ranga Eke Panuku / Learning Success and Engagement (LSE) team combined and redeveloped their services. In this article the author reflects on her ATLAANZ 2022 conference presentation, which shared distance students’ perspectives from her master’s research on the revised services. The author’s study explored whether and how the LSE services were meeting student needs and how the services could be further improved. Analysis of the survey (n=278) and interview (n=12) data revealed gaps in awareness of support services across all learner groups. However, distance students were less connected to the support services than on-campus learners, and the researcher found unmet academic and pastoral needs among distance participants. In addition, participants stated that they had been looking for ways to express their opinions and saw the research survey as an opportunity to ‘have their say’ to make improvements. As per the Pastoral Education (Pastoral Care of Tertiary and International Learners) Code of Practice 2021, the LSE team has increased promotion of services for distance learners, and developed more resources. A booking system now gives ākonga agency in accessing the services, and tutors can similarly book in-class support. The research illustrates that all Te Pūkenga students, whether distance, campus-based, or work-based, require access to online services during flexible hours. Further, every distance and work-based learner, should be able to access face-to-face support at their nearest campus, alongside their campus-based peers, within and beyond regular hours
曾经的辉煌：一部有价值的寓沪俄罗斯流亡音乐家 活动的专著 = A review article: "Networking the Russian diaspora: Russian musicians and musical activities in interwar Shanghai" [Book review]
No full text美国夏威夷大学出版社在2020年9月出版的《俄罗斯离散人口的社群关系网络：战时上海的俄罗 斯音乐家及其音乐活动》（Networking the Russian Diaspora： Russian Musicians and Musical Activities in Interwar Shanghai），该书以两次世界大战期间流落到上海的俄国音乐家为焦点，利用中、俄、英等多种语言档案、报刊 资料、音乐会节目单及近期国内外有关研究，详述了战时俄罗斯流亡音乐家在上海的音乐活动，及其对上海音 乐生活的影响。该书详细地展示了这些流亡音乐家为自己的社团所做的工作，揭示了他们如何利用音乐与其 他国际侨民社团及上海华人社团建立关系网络，凸显了寓沪俄罗斯流亡音乐家对近代中国音乐发展不可磨灭 的重大及深远的影响。
[United States. University of Hawaii Press. Russian Networking the Russian Diaspora: Russian Musicians and Musical Activities in Interwar Shanghai, published in September 2020, focuses on Russian musicians displaced to Shanghai during the interwar period. Using Chinese, Russian, English and other language archives, newspaper materials, concert programs, and recent domestic and foreign research, this paper details the musical activities of Russia musicians in exile in Shanghai during the war and their impact on Shanghai's musical life. The book shows in detail the work of these exiled musicians for their own societies, reveals how they used music to build networks with other international diaspora communities and the Chinese community in Shanghai, highlighting the indelible and far-reaching influence of Russia exile musicians on the development of modern Chinese music.