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Repository for the nuclear medicine educators
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Conclusio
Validation of the Horse Grimace Scale
No full textRecognising signs of pain in animals can help to ensure appropriate and effective treatment. The grimace scale has been developed for a variety of species, including domestic horses (Equus caballus), to showcase the facial expressions associated with different levels of pain. These scales are designed to be easily usable by anyone, with minimal training; however, to date this has not been validated. Our study investigated the use of the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) by people with varying levels of experience with horses, including veterinarians, riders and owners, trainers, farriers, physical therapists, and people with no experience with horses (control group). If the HGS is a universal tool, there should be no difference in the results between groups of people. Survey participants were asked to watch six videos of horses, 3 of which were post-castration and 3 which had no pain experience, and assess if they thought pain was present and identify which facial features they thought were indicators of pain. They were then subject to a short training session using still images highlighting the facial expressions and features which indicate signs of pain. The participants then assessed another six videos of different horses, again half post-castration and half control animals. Training did result in improved agreement between groups.
However, the HGS scores of both treatment and pain-free horses increased post-training. The reason for the increase in HGS for pain free horses after training remains obscure but may arise from participant biases, with participants more likely to score pain in horses after training explicitly conducted to evaluate pain, thus assuming pain must exist. It is important to note that these results do not necessarily reflect accuracy in HGS scoring, only agreement between groups. We suggest that the HGS may require more than minimal training to be an effective tool, despite assertions in the literature to the contrary.
Furthermore, the previous experience a person has with horses, and their chosen profession, may create bias when assessing pain in horses, regardless of training. This has ramifications for the reliability of grimace scales
Potential impact of LDC graduation and the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Bangladesh
No full textThe United Nations Committee for Development Policy (CDP) recommended that Bangladesh’s graduation from the LDC will take place in 2026. The LDC graduation brings many benefits and opens up new opportunities to a graduated country. However, to realize benefits from LDC graduation can be challenging to a country as it comes with some costs, such as higher borrowing costs after graduation. Foreign direct investment (FDI) can play a crucial role in this context to support ongoing growth and economic development and to reap potential benefits from the LDC graduation. The purpose of this article is to understand the impact of LDC graduation on Bangladesh and the role of FDI in this context. For this purpose, this report analyzes historical FDI data for Bangladesh, identifies the factors that determine FDI flows as predicted by theories and empirical literature, critically analyzes Bangladesh’s performance against the FDI determinants, and provides few recommendations on how Bangladesh can make further progress to attract more FDI and to reap benefits from LDC graduation
Healthy nutrition, physical activity, and sleep hygiene to promote cardiometabolic health of airline pilots : a narrative review
No full textAirline pilots experience unique occupational demands that may contribute to adverse physical and psychological health outcomes. Epidemiological reports have shown a substantial prevalence of cardiometabolic health risk factors including excessive body weight, elevated blood pressure, poor lifestyle behaviors, and psychological fatigue. Achieving health guidelines for lifestyle behavior nutrition, physical activity, and sleep are protective factors against the development of noncommunicable diseases and may mitigate the unfavorable occupational demands of airline pilots. This narrative review examines occupational characteristics for sleep, nutrition, and physical activity and outlines evidence-based strategies to inform health behavior interventions to mitigate cardiometabolic health risk factors among airline pilots
Disruption as a way forward : resilience and adaptation to prepare bakery students for the future
No full textEver since the first humans accidently mixed grains with water to ferment dough, the bakery profession has embraced social, cultural and political disruptions to advance its understanding and practices. During the last five years, the Level 5 Bakery Programme at Toi Ohomai has employed project-based learning (PBL) pedagogies to create real-world learning environments and provide baking students with 21st-century skills. In March 2020, Covid-19 created significant disruptions to this learning environment, with the programme and its learners being forced to quickly pivot their traditional practices to ensure contemporary and pedagogically responsive learning continued. Here, I discuss anecdotal findings around PBL and the work-ready preparedness of bakery students in a post-Covid landscape, with broader implications for PBL environments and responsive pedagogy
Echoes of wisdom - Regenerative practice as professional practice
No full textRegenerative Practice has slowly emerged since the 1960’s as a discipline formed at the confluence of fields such as Ecology, Systems Science, Sustainable Development, and Agriculture (Mang & Reed, 2011; du Plessis, 2012; Swanson, 2006). Regenerative Practice is a holistic discipline being applied across many fields (Hes and du Plessis, 2014), where practitioners engage with all layers or lines of work: the personal, the group, and the wider systems these are nested in (Regenesis, 2015). A simple framework, called the Three Lines of Work (Regenesis, 2015) describes these layers. Much of the discourse within Regenerative Practice is focused on the system, the project, the product (Third Line) where the theory and practices are aimed at outward facing things, producing effects in the world. There is also considerable discourse around developing the social applications and implications of the discipline in group work (Second Line). However, despite the naming and framing of the personal (First Line) as a key part, perhaps even the core, of Regenerative Practice (Regenesis, 2021), there is a gap in attention and discourse about this more personal and internal aspect; the practitioner in the practice. Plaut & Amadée’s Becoming a Regenerative Practitioner – A Field Guide (2018) serves as a comprehensive “map that illustrates the territory” such a practitioner might seek to explore, but it does not offer much in the way of practical steps or guidance on how to explore and enact this. This research builds upon the work of Plaut & Amadée (2018), Regenesis (2016), Sanford (2018), Wahl (2016), and others in the discipline of Regenerative Practice. Centering on the deeply personal aspect of Regenerative Practice, this work explores how, when sufficiently developed and integrated with other areas, a more mature First Line of Work can offer profoundly rich and life-giving insights for the individual practitioner. The ripple effects of this personal focus are explored, articulating more cohesive group-work and more effective project work (Second & Third Lines of Work).
This research was undertaken as an auto-ethnographic inquiry, in action-research cycles played out across a range of professional contexts and vocations, including Leadership Development, Drug Harm Reduction, and Ecological Sustainability. A board game called Echoes of Wisdom was crafted in this thesis. The game serves both as a research method (Mayer et al., 2014) and to communicate the findings through performance of its gameplay (Spry, 2001). Echoes of Wisdom is explained, exemplified, and outlined in a way that invites others to play it for themselves as a tool for both reflection and for ongoing development as a regenerative practitioner. This thesis explores tools which support people engaging with Regenerative Practice to become more fully realised as Regenerative Practitioners through techniques which are in themselves life-giving and fun
New Zealand osteopaths’ use of patient-reported outcome measures with patients who have chronic low back pain: A cross-sectional survey
No full textPREFACE
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are instruments that capture patients’ perspectives of their own health status without interpretation by anyone else [1]. As part of rising advocacy for their use in clinical practice, PROMs are said to be particularly promising for the management of long-term conditions like chronic low back pain (LBP). A proposed reason for this is that the feedback of individual PROMs data may enhance communication and empower patients for patient-centred care.
Although extensive research exists on healthcare practitioners’ use of PROMs in clinical practice, little is known about New Zealand osteopaths’ use of the measures either in general or for specific conditions such as chronic LBP. This thesis addresses this gap by describing New Zealand osteopaths’ use of PROMs with patients who have chronic LBP. In addition, by exploring potential barriers and facilitators to osteopaths’ use of PROMs, the thesis investigates factors that may influence future implementation. Its emphasis on perceived advantages also raises the need for an exploration of how and why osteopaths think that PROMs should be used in their management of chronic LBP.
This thesis is comprised of four sections. The FIRST SECTION, the literature review, serves to describe how and why PROMs may be used in clinical practice and by extension osteopathic practice. Consideration is given to the potential significance of PROMs for osteopaths’ work with patients who have chronic LBP. With this understanding of PROMs and their potential for osteopathic practice, the focus then shifts to describing manual therapists’ use of PROMs in clinical practice and for LBP. This behavioural focus sets scene for an elaboration of common barriers and facilitators to therapists’ use of the measures. Emphasis is once again placed on describing and exploring osteopaths’ use of PROMs within the constraints of the available literature.
SECTION TWO provides an overview of the methodological considerations that led to the design of this study. The section begins with a description of the theoretical approaches—the Capability Opportunity Motivation–Behaviour system and the Theoretical Domains Framework—that informed the study’s investigation of barriers and facilitators. Both approaches are examined for their utility and issues of ‘mis-match’ are discussed. Following this, the section expands on why a cross-sectional survey-based design was identified as most appropriate for the aims of this study. Considerations regarding sampling, questionnaire creation, and modes of survey distribution are all discussed. The issue of declining response rates is also met with a review of mitigating strategies.
SECTION THREE presents the research in a manuscript format in accordance with the International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine’s ‘Author Information Pack’ (Appendix A). The manuscript consists of the abstract, introduction, methods, findings, and discussion. All appended resources are provided in a FOURTH SECTION at the end of the thesis. These resources include but are not limited to the ethics approval letter, ‘Participant Information Sheet’, and survey questionnaire
Colin McCahon’s house and its colours: A glimpse of New Zealand beyond its colonial past
No full textColin McCahon’s Titirangi house nestled Kauri forest was not only a tiny and humble house for his wife and 4 children for the years of 1953-60. But it was the birth place of some beautiful paintings and (what turned out to be) culturally important images for New Zealand emerging from its Colonial past. This period of Colin’s work was totally focussed on producing warm colourful images, (as opposed to the Black paintings with white lettering of his later years). The family’s poverty clearly expressed by the small bedrooms given over to the children whilst the parents slept in bunks under the house in a cave like space exposed directly to the damp bush and wet weather. Yet the joyous Northland Panels were paint on the upper deck, the same deck used for parties with friends and students. This setting of house in the bush: yin to yang, colour of nature/material poverty, family nest/image making, making do/timeless nuances brought forth a unique an and primal expression of what colours that are primal road makers for establishing who we were. The Northland Panels evoke a spirit of place seems that many Kiwis can easily relate to. The colours of those paintings are reflected in the surfaces of his humble house which, at the same time, seems to embrace the colours of the surrounding environment. See for example, the painting ‘Manuka and Red Clay Landscape’. However, as any artist knows, a human artefact must be distinguishable from nature, hence the reddish colour of the façade. The contrast is perfect and reflects modern colour theories available at that time (for example, those developed within the Bauhaus School). The research was carried out in two directions following a methodology based on literature review and field study. The literature review helped contextualising the colour design of the house in that period of McCahon’s artistic production. The analysis of the house colour palette, achieved through a field study based on the NCS colour system (using the Colourpin tool), helped building a series of colour schemes that can easily be reproduced in the future. Colour codes will be represented following the NCS 1950 chart and equivalent/analogue Hex RGB values. These can be useful for the conservation of this small but important evidence of New Zealand’s 20th Century post-colonial art.
This paper will unpack the colours of this house (which still stands today), the house with its pull out drawers, opening of cupboard’s doors to expose glimpses of joyous colour, and other “built-in” colour influences that (in the midst of a Covid-19 ravaged world) are sensed haptically “being here”. The goal is to understand how the Artist transferred his colour palette (and the colours of local nature) into the design of the house, blending his daily life with the vividness of his art. Colour combinations will be compared with colour theories and architectural colour palettes available at that time (for example: J. Albers; J. Itten; but also Le Corbusier and F.L. Wright). The final aim is to build a series of colour palettes (one per each part of the house) that can be useful to extend our knowledge on this important artefact and for its future conservation
Cha-no-yu: A multi-sensory experience for self-recovery
No full textRESEARCH QUESTION
How can a multi-sensory experience inform architecture and its design principles for people and their mental health?
ABSTRACT
Good mental health and resilience allows an individual to happily go about with their daily lives. Having a good awareness of one’s personal mental health, an individual would be less likely or prone to developing mental disorders like anxiety and/or depression. It is important to cultivate and preserve a good mental health as it affects us at every point of our lives, and how it can be done is by experiencing the spaces we live in.
This research project focuses on Japanese design principles to better understand the spaces we live in and in turn how it affects us. It is an investigative project that uses selected architectural qualities to conceptualise and develop an architecture design in a form of a retreat. The project uses the multi-sensory experience of ‘Chanoyu’ known as the way of tea as a program and driving factor for this retreat.
The result of this research is an architecture response to taking care of one’s mental health. The architecture is in a form of a retreat, situated away from the urban environment, where one can ‘catch a break’ from their busy lives over the weekend.
SITE: Kaipara River, New Zealand
NOTE: Associate Supervisor on thesis declaration form: Bin Su ; Associate Supervisor on title page: David Chapli
Surf the turf
No full textRESEARCH QUESTION
How can an architectural response to forestry ecotourism be the answer to year-round sustainable Whangamatā?
ABSTRACT
An exploration of how architecture can enhance the experience of forestry ecotourism for its participants, particularly mountain bikers. Set in the picturesque Coromandel town of Whangamatā, this paper investigates how architectural intervention can maximise tourism opportunities and reduce the reliance on methods such as plantation forestry.
This paper explores architecture for forestry ecotourism in terms of style and execution. Profiling ecotourism participants and examining initial precedents will be essential research methods. In addition, analysis of prefabrication and design for disassembly act as good starting points for creating a low -impact architectural style. Exploration of design for off-grid living also helps to understand how to be sustainable and provide the ecological side of ecotourism. Research can also be done into existing forestry practices to understand better how to work in conjunction with plantation forestry operations and the benefits of forestry.
This project undertakes a series of design projects, working with various scales to understand all working parts of what an architecture style for forestry ecotourism looks like. The final design response will be a master plan, a mountain bike mecca that will be a premium ecotourism and timber technology destination. This master plan will be the culmination of two smaller design projects. A wall panel will be designed to understand the basics of timber construction and develop the basic rules for building with a small footprint. A cabin will also be designed with mountain bikers as the primary clientele. This will be an analysis of the program and will determine an understanding of materiality and basic construction