Phaidra - University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
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Boosting the anti-tumor activity of natural killer cells by caripe 8 - A Carapichea ipecacuanha isolated cyclotide
No full textCyclotides are head-to-tail cyclized peptides with a unique cystine-knot motif. Their structure provides exceptional resistance against enzymatic, chemical, or thermal degradation compared to other peptides. Peptide-based therapeutics promise high specificity, selectivity and lower immunogenicity, making them safer alternatives to small molecules or large biologicals. Cyclotides were researched due to their anti-cancer properties by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells in the past, but the impact of cyclotides on cytotoxic immune cells was poorly studied. Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells and play an important role in the defense against infected, stressed and transformed cells. NK cells do not need prior sensitization and act in an antigen independent manner, holding promising potential in the field of immunotherapy. To investigate the effect of immunomodulatory cyclotides on NK cells, we evaluated several peptide-enriched plant extracts on NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. We observed that the extract samples derived from Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson augments the killing potential
of mouse NK cells against different tumor targets in vitro. Subsequent isolation of cyclotides from C. ipecacuanha extracts led to the identification of a primary candidate that enhances cytotoxicity of both mouse and human NK cells. The augmented killing is facilitated by the increased degranulation capacity of NK cells. In addition, we noted a direct toxic effect of caripe 8 on tumor cells, suggesting a dual therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. This study offers novel insights how natural peptides can influence NK cell cytotoxicity. These pre-clinical findings hold significant promise for advancing current immunotherapeutic approaches
In mares resistant to endometrial infection, periovulatory treatment with ecbolic drugs does not influence uterine clearance or luteal development
No full textWe aimed to determine associations between experimentally impaired uterine clearance or treatment with ecbolic drugs on luteal development in estrous mares after insemination. In a crossover design, eight mares were treated with saline (CON), clenbuterol (CLEN), oxytocin (OXY) and carbetocin (CARB) from the day of first insemination until 2 days after ovulation. Between treatments, the mares rested for one cycle. Estrous mares were examined for the presence of free intrauterine fluid by transrectal ultrasound. Endometrial swabs for cytology and bacteriology were collected on days 1 and 14. Blood samples were collected daily before AI until day 14 after ovulation for determination of progesterone and PGF2α metabolites (PGFM). Differences between treatments were compared by a general linear model for repeated measures (SPSS 29). One mare was excluded because of a uterine infection in the control cycle. In all other mares, only minor amounts of free intrauterine fluid were present after insemination and decreased over time (P<0.05) with no treatment x time interaction. There was no effect of treatment on polymorphonucleated cells (PMN) in endometrial cytology after ovulation or PGFM secretion. Progesterone release from day 1-14 as well as pregnancy rate and conceptus size on day 14 was not influenced by treatment. In conclusion, treatment with clenbuterol does not impair uterine clearance in estrous mares resistant to endometritis. Repeated injection of the oxytocin analogue carbetocin during the early postovulatory period is not detrimental to corpus luteum function and can be recommended to enhance uterine clearance
A systematic review and meta-analysis of nutritional and dietary interventions in randomized controlled trials for skin symptoms in children with atopic dermatitis and without food allergy: An EAACI task force report
No full textThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate evidence on dietary interventions for atopic eczema/dermatitis (AD) skin symptoms in children without food allergies, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Systematic review updates were conducted in May 2022 and June 2023, focusing on randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) involving children with AD but without food allergies. Specific diets or supplements, such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or postbiotics, were explored in these trials. Exclusions comprised descriptive studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, letters, case reports, studies involving elimination diets, and those reporting on food allergens in children and adolescents. Additionally, studies assessing exacerbation of AD due to food allergy/sensitization and those evaluating elimination diets\u27 effects on AD were excluded. Nutritional supplementation studies were eligible regardless of sensitization profile. Evaluation of their impact on AD clinical expression was performed using SCORAD scores, and a meta-analysis of SCORAD outcomes was conducted using random-effect models (CRD42022328702). The review encompassed 27 RCTs examining prebiotics, Vitamin D, evening primrose oil, and substituting cow\u27s milk formula with partially hydrolyzed whey milk formula. A meta-analysis of 20 RCTs assessing probiotics, alone or combined with prebiotics, revealed a significant reduction in SCORAD scores, suggesting a consistent trend in alleviating AD symptoms in children without food allergies. Nonetheless, evidence for other dietary interventions remains limited, underscoring the necessity for well-designed intervention studies targeting multiple factors to understand etiological interactions and propose reliable manipulation strategies
Adjunctive bevacizumab therapy in an equine corneal stromal invasive squamous cell carcinoma with a 53-months follow-up
No full textDas equine korneale stromal-invasive Plattenepithelkarzinom zeigt ein anderes klinisches Erscheinungsbild als klassische Plattenepithelkarzinome im Bereich der Nickhaut, der Augenlider, der Konjunktiva oder des Limbus. Eine 17-jährige Appaloosa Stute wurde aufgrund einer vermuteten, therapieresistenten Keratitis des linken Auges überwiesen. Bei der Distanzbetrachtung zeigten sich Blepharospasmus, korneale Neovaskularisation und eine, von nasal kommende, fokale Trübung, die ca. 40% der Hornhautoberfläche einnahm. Die ophthalmologische Untersuchung ergab subepitheliale bis mid-stromale verzweigte korneale Gefäßeinsprossungen begleitet von einer dichten, homogen weißen Trübung, die ca. 80% der Hornhautdicke einnahm. Uveitisanzeichen waren nicht vorhanden. In Allgemeinanästhesie wurde eine tief-stromale lamelläre Keratektomie mit gestieltem Bindehauttransplantat durchgeführt. Histopathologisch wurde ein wenig differenziertes korneales stromal-invasives Plattenepithelkarzinom mit Tumorzellen im Bereich der Schnittränder diagnostiziert. Postoperativ erfolgten 4 Behandlungszyklen mit topischer Mitomycin C 0,04%-Chemotherapie kombiniert mit oraler Firocoxib-Therapie. Sieben Monate nach der Operation traten klinische Rezidivanzeichen auf. Beim stehend-sedierten Pferd wurden 3 mid-stromale Bevacizumab 2,5%-Injektionen mit einem Gesamtvolumen von 1 ml durchgeführt. Vier Wochen danach wurde diese adjuvante Behandlung wiederholt, wobei das Bevacizumab direkt in die kornealen Hauptgefäßäste injiziert wurde. Sieben Wochen nach den zweiten Bevacizumab-Injektionen war das linke Auge komfortabel und eine signifikante Remission der kornealen Vaskularisation und Trübung erkennbar. Während der Nachbeobachtungszeit von über 53 Monaten wurde kein erneutes Tumorwachstum festgestellt. Dies ist die erste Beschreibung eines equinen kornealen stromal-invasiven Plattenepithelkarzinoms nach erfolgreicher multimodaler Therapie einschließlich adjuvanter Bevacizumab 2,5%-Injektionen ohne unerwünschte Wirkungen. Diese Neoplasie ist üblicherweise mit einer ungünstigen oder infausten Prognose für den Erhalt des Auges verbunden.A 17-year-old Appaloosa mare was referred for evaluation of presumed refractory keratitis of the left eye. Gross examination revealed ocular discomfort and corneal neovascularization with a nasal focal opacification affecting approximately 40% of the corneal surface. On ophthalmic examination, extensive subepithelial to mid-stromal vascular branching accompanied by a homogeneous white, dense opacification, which affected up to 80% of the total corneal thickness, were apparent. Signs of concurrent uveitis were absent. Deep-stromal lamellar keratectomy with a conjunctival pedicle graft was performed under general anesthesia. Histopathology confirmed a poorly differentiated corneal stromal invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SI-SCC) with neoplastic cell extension to the surgical margins. Postoperatively, 4 topical mitomycin C 0.04% chemotherapy cycles combined with oral firocoxib therapy were initiated. Seven months after surgery, regrowth of the SI-SCC was clinically suspected. A total volume of 1 ml bevacizumab 2.5% was administered in the standing sedated horse via 3 mid-stromal corneal injections. Four weeks later, intrastromal bevacizumab injections (ISBIs) were repeated, however, this time the solution was injected directly into the main corneal vessel branches.Seven weeks after the second ISBIs, the left eye was comfortable and significant remission of corneal vascularization and opacity was recognized. No recurrence has been noted for a follow-up period of more than 53 months.Equine SI-SCC usually has a very poor prognosis for globe maintenance. To the authors\u27 knowledge this is the first report of well-tolerated intrastromal antivascular endothelial growth factor adjunctive therapy with bevazicumab 2.5% and SI-SCC resolution after a multimodal treatment approach
Microbial community structure of plant-based meat alternatives
No full textA reduction in animal-based diets has driven market demand for alternative meat products, currently raising a new generation of plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs). It remains unclear whether these substitutes are a short-lived trend or become established in the long term. Over the last few years, the trend of increasing sales and diversifying product range has continued, but publication activities in this field are currently limited mainly to market research and food technology topics. As their popularity increases, questions emerge about the safety and nutritional risks of these novel products. Even though all the examined products must be heated before consumption, consumers lack experience with this type of product and thus further research into product safety, is desirable. To consider these issues, we examined 32 PBMAs from Austrian supermarkets. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the majority of the products were dominated by lactic acid bacteria (either Leuconostoc or Latilactobacillus), and generally had low alpha diversity. Pseudomonadota (like Pseudomonas and Shewanella) dominated the other part of the products. In addition to LABs, a high diversity of different Bacillus, but also some Enterobacteriaceae and potentially pathogenic species were isolated with the culturing approach. We assume that especially the dominance of heterofermentative LABs has high relevance for the product stability and quality with the potential to increase shelf life of the products. The number of isolated Enterobacteriaceae and potential pathogens were low, but they still demonstrated that these products are suitable for their presence
Serological detection of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in dairy cows in Austria
No full textC. burnetii is a worldwide zoonotic pathogen that causes Q-Fever, which results in reproductive disorders. We have determined the prevalence of antibodies in bulk milk from dairy cows in Austria. Bulk milk samples (n=561) were collected in a non-ran¬domized manner from Austrian dairy cow herds in 2022 and 2023. Using a commercial ELISA kit (ID-Screen® Q-Fever Indirect, IDvet), we detected antibodies to C. burnetii in 61.5 % of the samples. The rate depended on the region (east/west) and the herd size, with a high¬er rate associated with decreased herd fertility. Farmers and veterinarians should consider prophylactic vaccina¬tion, depending on the herd size and the individual risk assessment.Coxiella (C.) burnetii ist ein nahezu weltweit vor- kommender zoonotischer Erreger des Q-Fiebers, das Reproduktionsstörungen zur Folge haben kann. Anti- körper, die bei einer akuten wie auch klinisch-inappa- renten Erkrankung unter anderem über die Milch von Rindern ausgeschieden werden, sind mittels ELISA nachweisbar. In den Jahren 2022 und 2023 wurden österreichische Tierarztpraxen eingeladen, Tankmilch- proben von Milchkuhbeständen für eine serologische Untersuchung auf C. burnetii bereitzustellen. Die Unter- suchung erfolgte mit einem kommerziellen Antikörper- ELISA. 61,5 % der Betriebe (n=561) wurden positiv getestet. Es wurde ein regionaler Vergleich zwischen West- und Ostösterreich angestellt, wobei signifikante Unterschiede der Prävalenz bezogen auf die Herden- größe sowie ein Zusammenhang zwischen Herdenprä- valenz und Fruchtbarkeit hergestellt werden konnten. Abhängig von der Herdengröße und der individuellen Risikobewertung sollten Landwirte und Tierärzte über eine prophylaktische Impfung nachdenken
Is syllable repetitions a song parameter important for male-male interactions in Eurasian reed warbler ( Acrocephalus scirpaceus )
No full textSong complexity has been identified as one song characteristic important in female choice, whereas its role in male-male interactions is less clear and not much is known which song characteristics are specifically important for territorial defense. In Acrocephalus warblers, males seem to increase song complexity towards females but reduce it during territorial disputes. One possibility to reduce song complexity could be achieved by repeating individual syllables. In this context here we examined the importance of males repeating syllables in male-male interactions. We hypothesis that repeating syllables signals a males general fighting ability, aggressive status or willingness to attack. In a playback experiment we investigated the behavioral response of unmated, territorial Eurasian reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) males towards two simultaneously singing intruders whereby the song of the two simulated intruders differs in the degree of syllable repetitions. The response of the territory owner was determined by using several behavioral parameters. Our results revealed that males approached faster and stayed significantly longer near the song with few syllable repetitions. However, the proportion of males approaching the song with high or low syllable repetitions first, as well as the minimal distance to which males approach to the two song types did not differ as well. Thus, the weaker response towards the high repetitive song playback suggests territorial males to be more intimidated by the aggressive nature of that song type
Quality and Safety of Dried Mushrooms Available at Retail Level
No full textPathogenic microorganisms surviving in dry products have regularly led to recalls and foodborne disease outbreaks. Therefore, the microbiological quality of 61 dried mushrooms samples purchased online and in supermarkets were analyzed. Counts of aerobic mesophiles (AMCs), Enterobacteriaceae (EB), yeasts and molds, presumptive Bacillus cereus (pBC), the presence of Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes were investigated. Isolates of pBC were screened for their partial panC gene sequences and their toxin genes\u27 profiles. The microbiological quality of the dried mushrooms investigated in this study was generally found to be acceptable. Average AMCs, EB, yeasts, and molds were 3.9 log, 1.1 log, 1.6 log, and 1.5 log cfu/g, respectively. All mushroom samples tested negative for Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes. Presumptive BC were detected in 59.0% of the samples, but the contamination level was low (1.0 to 3.4 log cfu/g). None of the isolates were positive for the ces gene. Incomplete labeling was found in 45.9% of the samples, mainly in the form of missing heating instructions (31.1%) and/or country of origin (16.3%). Contamination by pathogens can occur in dried mushrooms. Adequate information on home cooking practices is essential to reduce the risk of foodborne illness to the consumer and to provide a safe food product
Use and meaning of the anatomical terms Plexus choroideus and Tela choroidea in veterinary and human medicine
No full textDiploma thesis - University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna - 2024
The full text is only available to university members. Please log in!Definitions of the anatomical terms plexus chor(i)oideus (CP) and tela chor(i)oidea (TC) show discrepancies in medical dictionaries and anatomy handbooks. The aim of my thesis was to conduct a systematic literature review and to discuss a standardised use of the terms in science and teaching. Based on the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” guidelines, relevant scholarly articles and comprehensive original handbooks on human and veterinary anatomy in English and other European languages were identified and analysed. CP and TC definitions differed considerably between articles and often did not match the explanations in handbooks. In general, it has become accepted that TC represents the smooth, thin part of the roof of third and fourth ventricles, and CP the fringe-like vascularised structures invaginated into lateral, third and fourth ventricles. However, it is controversial which tissue layers should be included in their description. Etymologically, only the vascular network should be termed (choroid) plexus, but embryologically and functionally, epithelium, pial connective tissue and vascular network form an inseparable entity. Similarly, the smooth part of the ventricle roof consists of a (less) vascularised pia-derived stroma and lining epithelium. Including all these layers in CP as well as TC definition might be advisable and also corresponds to the use of the terms in clinical context. Furthermore my literature analysis revealed inconsistencies and misleading phrasing in numerous sources. The results of this study might have been biased by cross-referencing, the varying foci of scientific disciplines and differences between editions of the same handbook.Diplomarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2024
Aus rechtlichen Gründen sind nicht alle Teile dieser Arbeit frei zugänglich. Der Zugriff auf den elektronischen Volltext ist auf Angehörige der Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien beschränkt. Bitte einloggen!Die Definitionen der anatomischen Begriffe Plexus chor(i)oideus (CP) und Tela chor(i)oidea (TC) weisen in medizinischen Wörterbüchern und Anatomiehandbüchern Diskrepanzen auf. Ziel meiner Arbeit war es, eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchzuführen und eine einheitliche Verwendung der Begriffe in Wissenschaft und Lehre zu diskutieren. Auf der Grundlage der "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses"-Leitlinien wurden einschlägige wissenschaftliche Artikel und umfassende Original- Handbücher zur Human- und Veterinäranatomie in Englisch und anderen europäischen Sprachen identifiziert und analysiert. Die Definitionen von CP und TP unterschieden sich in den einzelnen Artikeln erheblich und stimmten oft nicht mit den Handbüchern überein. Im Allgemeinen hat sich die Auffassung durchgesetzt, dass TC den glatten, dünnen Teil des Daches des dritten und vierten Ventrikels darstellt und CP die fransenartigen vaskularisierten Strukturen, die in den lateralen, dritten und vierten Ventrikel eindringen. Umstritten ist jedoch, welche Gewebeschichten in ihre Beschreibung aufgenommen werden sollten. Etymologisch gesehen sollte nur das Gefäßnetz als Plexus bezeichnet werden, aber embryologisch und funktionell bilden Epithel, Bindegewebe der Pia mater und das Gefäßnetz eine untrennbare Einheit. Ähnlich besteht der glatte Teil des Ventrikeldachs aus einem (weniger) vaskularisierten, von der Pia stammenden Stroma und dem auskleidenden Epithel. Die Einbeziehung all dieser Schichten sowohl in die CP- als auch in die TC-Definition könnte ratsam sein und entspricht auch der Verwendung der Begriffe im klinischen Kontext. Darüber hinaus ergab meine Literaturanalyse Inkonsistenzen und fehlinterpretierbare Formulierungen in zahlreichen Quellen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie könnten durch Querverweise, die unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkte der wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen und die Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Ausgaben desselben Handbuchs verzerrt worden sein.Diploma thesis - University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna - 2024
The full text is only available to university members. Please log in!Definitions of the anatomical terms plexus chor(i)oideus (CP) and tela chor(i)oidea (TC) show discrepancies in medical dictionaries and anatomy handbooks. The aim of my thesis was to conduct a systematic literature review and to discuss a standardised use of the terms in science and teaching. Based on the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” guidelines, relevant scholarly articles and comprehensive original handbooks on human and veterinary anatomy in English and other European languages were identified and analysed. CP and TC definitions differed considerably between articles and often did not match the explanations in handbooks. In general, it has become accepted that TC represents the smooth, thin part of the roof of third and fourth ventricles, and CP the fringe-like vascularised structures invaginated into lateral, third and fourth ventricles. However, it is controversial which tissue layers should be included in their description. Etymologically, only the vascular network should be termed (choroid) plexus, but embryologically and functionally, epithelium, pial connective tissue and vascular network form an inseparable entity. Similarly, the smooth part of the ventricle roof consists of a (less) vascularised pia-derived stroma and lining epithelium. Including all these layers in CP as well as TC definition might be advisable and also corresponds to the use of the terms in clinical context. Furthermore my literature analysis revealed inconsistencies and misleading phrasing in numerous sources. The results of this study might have been biased by cross-referencing, the varying foci of scientific disciplines and differences between editions of the same handbook