Phaidra - University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
Not a member yet
3528 research outputs found
Sort by
Summary report of the 1st MOVE symposium in Málaga from 24-27th October 2023 - Foster the European mobility for young scientists in extracellular vesicles research
No full textThe 1st “Mobility for Vesicle Research in Europe” - MOVE - symposium took place in the picturesque Málaga, the capital of the Costa del Sol and the Mediterranean sun city of Spain. The principal organizer, GEIVEX, supported by the societies GSEV, UKEV, and EVIta, spared no effort to organize a fabulous international symposium. More than 300 participants, mainly members from 16 joining European Extracellular Vesicle (EV) societies (ASEV, BESEV, BSEVs, CzeSEV, EVIta, FISEV, FSEV, GEIVEX, GSEV, HSEV, NLSEV, NOR-EV, PNEV, PSEV, SrEVs, and UKEV; see Figure 1), attended this interdisciplinary conference held at the Faculty of Law of the University of Málaga. The diversified and multidisciplinary program of the four days covered five invited keynote talks given by Hernando de Portillo, Antonella Bongiovanni, Martine J. Smit, Fedor Berditchevski, and Benjamin Winkeljann, and 76 oral presentations and 157 posters by young European EV scientists. The sessions were framed by an industrial exhibition that gave the scientists the opportunity to have fruitful discussions with industrial partners and find out about new devices and products in EV research on the market. The MOVE Fellowship Program enabled several young scientists to participate in an exchange program at collaborating facilities, resulting in network promotion and projects enriching the EV field. Eight of them were able to present their experiences gained with the aid of the MOVE Fellowship program, closing the symposium. The symposium dinner located at Baños del Carmen was definitely one of the conference’s highlights. Surrounded by the beach and the sea, the participants enjoyed networking while savoring delicious Spanish tapas and, afterward, rocking the dance floor. The 1st MOVE symposium was absolutely a great success, and Málaga, as a lively, young, and creative city with its numerous historical attractions and nightlife, proved to be the perfect event location
Repeated social defeat stress differently affects arthritis-associated hypersensitivity in male and female mice
No full textChronic stress enhances the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders and contributes to the aggravation and chronicity of pain. The development of stress-associated diseases, including pain, is affected by individual vulnerability or resilience to stress, although the mechanisms remain elusive. We used the repeated social defeat stress model promoting susceptible and resilient phenotypes in male and female mice and induced knee mono-arthritis to investigate the impact of stress vulnerability on pain and immune system regulation. We analyzed different pain-related behaviors, measured blood cytokine and immune cell levels, and performed histological analyses at the knee joints and pain/stress-related brain areas. Stress susceptible male and female mice showed prolonged arthritis-associated hypersensitivity. Interestingly, hypersensitivity was exacerbated in male but not female mice. In males, stress promoted transiently increased neutrophils and Ly6Chigh monocytes, lasting longer in susceptible than resilient mice. While resilient male mice displayed persistently increased levels of the anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10, susceptible mice showed increased levels of the pro-inflammatory IL-6 at the early- and IL-12 at the late arthritis stage. Although joint inflammation levels were comparable among groups, macrophage and neutrophil infiltration was higher in the synovium of susceptible mice. Notably, only susceptible male mice, but not females, presented microgliosis and monocyte infiltration in the prefrontal cortex at the late arthritis stage. Blood Ly6Chigh monocyte depletion during the early inflammatory phase abrogated late-stage hypersensitivity and the associated histological alterations in susceptible male mice. Thus, recruitment of blood Ly6Chigh monocytes during the early arthritis phase might be a key factor mediating the persistence of arthritis pain in susceptible male mice. Alternative neuro-immune pathways that remain to be explored might be involved in females
IGF-1 induces sex-specific oxidative damage and mortality in a songbird
No full textThe insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates essential life-history traits and is known for its major contribution to determining individual ageing processes. High levels of IGF-1 have been linked to increased mortality and are hypothesised to cause oxidative stress. This effect has been observed in laboratory animals, but whether it pertains to wild vertebrates has not been tested. This is surprising because studying the mechanisms that shape individual differences in lifespan is important to understanding mortality patterns in populations of free-living animals. We tested this hypothesis under semi-natural conditions by simulating elevated IGF-1 levels in captive bearded reedlings, a songbird species with an exceptionally fast pace of life. We subcutaneously injected slow-release biodegradable microspheres loaded with IGF-1 and achieved a systemic 3.7-fold increase of the hormone within the natural range for at least 24 h. Oxidative damage to lipids showed marked sexual differences: it significantly increased the day after the manipulation in treated males and returned to baseline levels four days post-treatment, while no treatment effect was apparent in females. Although there was no overall difference in survival between the treatment groups, high initial (pre-treatment) IGF-1 and low post-treatment plasma malondialdehyde levels were associated with enhanced survival prospects in males. These results suggest that males may be more susceptible to IGF-1-induced oxidative stress than females and quickly restoring oxidative balance may be related to fitness. IGF-1 levels evolve under opposing selection forces, and natural variation in this hormone\u27s level may reflect the outcome of individual optimization
Lumpy skin disease
No full textDiplomarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2024Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) stellt eine Viruserkrankung der Familie der Pockenviren (Poxyviridae) dar. Zu dieser zählen weiters die Viren der Schaf- (Capripoxvirus ovis) und Ziegenpocken (Capripoxvirus caprae). Diese virale Erkrankung trat erstmals 1929 in Afrika auf und verbreitete sich rapide 1989 wurden erste Ausbrüche auch außerhalb Afrikas vermeldet. 2015 wurde das Virus in die Europäische Union eingetragen. Mittlerweile kommen LSD Ausbrüche nahezu weltweit vor. Nur der amerikanische Kontinent und Australien sind bisher noch nicht von der Erkrankung betroffen. Die Erkrankung verläuft, so sie nicht subklinisch auftritt, mit Hautläsionen, Fieber, Leistungseinbußen und vereinzelt Todesfällen. Für ihrer Übertragung spielen besonders der nationale und internationale Handel mit Lebendtieren, deren Produkte, die Verbreitung von dem Virus übertragende Arthropoden aufgrund wärmerer Temperaturen und die Verbreitung mittels unbelebter Gegenstände wie z.B. Fahrzeuge eine Rolle. Da das Hausrind den Hauptwirt darstellt gehen mit einer Erkrankung auch große finanzielle Einbußen einher. Ebenfalls gehen mit einem Seuchenausbruch massive Maßnahmen, einschließlich Handelsbeschränkungen und Keulung von Tieren einher, welche sowohl in der Akzeptanz der Bevölkerung als auch in der wirtschaftlichen Situation der betroffenen Betriebe tiefe Einschnitte hinterlassen. Demzufolge wird die Europäische Gemeinschaft mit allen verfügbaren Mitteln etwaigen zukünftigen Ausbrüchen entgegentreten. Ausbrüche auf der Balkanhalbinsel dienten als wertvolle Möglichkeit veraltete Legislatur an aktuelle Gegebenheiten anzupassen und die Europäische Union in ihren Bestrebungen der Seuchenbekämpfung handlungsfähiger und flexibler zu gestalten. Hierfür wurde die länderübergreifende Zusammenarbeit verbessert und gesetzliche Hürden vereinfacht und vereinheitlicht. Auch die eindrucksvolle Wirksamkeit der durchgeführten Impfkampagnen der Balkanhalbinsel bestärkt die Europäische Union in ihren Seuchenbekämpfungsmaßnahmen und dient als Vorlage für zukünftige Seuchenereignisse. So konnten ebenfalls zukünftige Anforderungen an zu entwickelnde Impfstoffe und vorhandene Testmöglichkeiten erarbeitet und umgesetzt werden. Auch die Anforderungen an die in der EU vorherrschenden Laboratorien wurden nach den gewonnenen Erfahrungen nach den Seuchenausbrüchen auf der Balkanhalbinsel überarbeitet. Hier bestand vor allem in der Kapazität der Laboratorien Handlungsbedarf. Ebenso wurde Handlungsbedarf in der praktischen Durchführung der Seuchenbekämpfung bekämpft. Dies umfasst Probleme von der Beseitigung von Tierkörpern bis hin zu personellen Kapazitäten seitens der verschiedenen Ämter, Tierärzte/Tierärztinnen und geschultem Personal.The Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) refers to the family of the poxviruses (Poxyviridae). Furthermore, this family includes sheeppox virus (Capripoxvirus ovis) and goatpox virus (Capripoxvirus caprae). It first appeared 1929 in Africa and spread quickly over the continent, in 1989 first outbreaks outside of Africa were reported. In 2015 Greece was the first country affected in der European Union. Nowadays outbreaks occur nearly around the world, only the American continent and Australia are being spared. The disease expresses in severe cases in high fever, skin lesions, a reduction of productivity and sometimes death. As well there are subclinical forms that appears way less severe. Its transfer is mainly provided by the transport of livestock and its products, arthropods and their spread because of climatic changes and vectors such as transport vehicles. As domestic cattle are the main hosts for LSDV the financial losses linked with outbreaks are high. Furthermore, trading restrictions as well as “total stamping out” are measures to be taken, mostly poorly accepted by people. Therefore, the European community will counter future outbreaks with all its force. Highly valuable information could be gathered within the past outbreaks. Those resulted in a change of law as well as an improvement in the interaction of different institutions. Furthermore, outbreaks in the Balkans have shown that there were actions that need to be taken in disposal of cadavers or personal manpower of laboratories, veterinarian services or specialized forces. Also request for future vaccines or laboratory testing could be identified and implemented.Diplomarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2024Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) stellt eine Viruserkrankung der Familie der Pockenviren (Poxyviridae) dar. Zu dieser zählen weiters die Viren der Schaf- (Capripoxvirus ovis) und Ziegenpocken (Capripoxvirus caprae). Diese virale Erkrankung trat erstmals 1929 in Afrika auf und verbreitete sich rapide 1989 wurden erste Ausbrüche auch außerhalb Afrikas vermeldet. 2015 wurde das Virus in die Europäische Union eingetragen. Mittlerweile kommen LSD Ausbrüche nahezu weltweit vor. Nur der amerikanische Kontinent und Australien sind bisher noch nicht von der Erkrankung betroffen. Die Erkrankung verläuft, so sie nicht subklinisch auftritt, mit Hautläsionen, Fieber, Leistungseinbußen und vereinzelt Todesfällen. Für ihrer Übertragung spielen besonders der nationale und internationale Handel mit Lebendtieren, deren Produkte, die Verbreitung von dem Virus übertragende Arthropoden aufgrund wärmerer Temperaturen und die Verbreitung mittels unbelebter Gegenstände wie z.B. Fahrzeuge eine Rolle. Da das Hausrind den Hauptwirt darstellt gehen mit einer Erkrankung auch große finanzielle Einbußen einher. Ebenfalls gehen mit einem Seuchenausbruch massive Maßnahmen, einschließlich Handelsbeschränkungen und Keulung von Tieren einher, welche sowohl in der Akzeptanz der Bevölkerung als auch in der wirtschaftlichen Situation der betroffenen Betriebe tiefe Einschnitte hinterlassen. Demzufolge wird die Europäische Gemeinschaft mit allen verfügbaren Mitteln etwaigen zukünftigen Ausbrüchen entgegentreten. Ausbrüche auf der Balkanhalbinsel dienten als wertvolle Möglichkeit veraltete Legislatur an aktuelle Gegebenheiten anzupassen und die Europäische Union in ihren Bestrebungen der Seuchenbekämpfung handlungsfähiger und flexibler zu gestalten. Hierfür wurde die länderübergreifende Zusammenarbeit verbessert und gesetzliche Hürden vereinfacht und vereinheitlicht. Auch die eindrucksvolle Wirksamkeit der durchgeführten Impfkampagnen der Balkanhalbinsel bestärkt die Europäische Union in ihren Seuchenbekämpfungsmaßnahmen und dient als Vorlage für zukünftige Seuchenereignisse. So konnten ebenfalls zukünftige Anforderungen an zu entwickelnde Impfstoffe und vorhandene Testmöglichkeiten erarbeitet und umgesetzt werden. Auch die Anforderungen an die in der EU vorherrschenden Laboratorien wurden nach den gewonnenen Erfahrungen nach den Seuchenausbrüchen auf der Balkanhalbinsel überarbeitet. Hier bestand vor allem in der Kapazität der Laboratorien Handlungsbedarf. Ebenso wurde Handlungsbedarf in der praktischen Durchführung der Seuchenbekämpfung bekämpft. Dies umfasst Probleme von der Beseitigung von Tierkörpern bis hin zu personellen Kapazitäten seitens der verschiedenen Ämter, Tierärzte/Tierärztinnen und geschultem Personal
The effects of feeding frequency on jaw loading in two lemur species
No full textStudies on oral processing are often snapshots of behaviors that examine feeding through individual bouts. In this study, we expand on our previous work comparing bite/chew variables per feeding bout to summed daily biting, chewing, and food intake to interpret loading that could have potential morphological effects.We observed sympatric Lemur catta and Propithecus verreauxi over two field seasons in the dry forest of Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve in southwestern Madagascar. Bite and chew rates determined from videos filmed during observations were multiplied with time spent feeding on specific foods during focal follows to calculate daily values for each feeding bout. Food mechanical properties (FMPs) were tested on dietary items with a portable tester. We contrasted daily bite/chew numbers and intake with FMPs, species, season, and food shape.Daily bite and chew numbers increased with maximum, but not average, food toughness. Daily intake decreased with average and maximum toughness. Season had a strong effect on daily bites and chews, but not on intake. Food shape influenced intake and total bite and chew numbers. The lemur species did not differ in our models.Maximum food toughness impacted feeding behaviors and intake, which is consistent with higher loads having a greater effect on morphology. In contrast to feeding per bout, cumulative biting and chewing did not differ between species; taking feeding frequency into consideration affects interpretation of jaw loading. Finally, biting, as much as chewing, may generate strains that impact morphology
Evaluation of the health-related quality of life in dogs following intracranial meningioma resection using a specifically developed questionnaire
No full textAs advanced treatments are becoming increasingly feasible in veterinary medicine, the evaluation of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of treated animals is becoming more relevant. We evaluated owner-perceived HRQOL of 10 dogs that underwent craniotomy for meningioma resection between 2002 and 2022 at our institution through telephone interview. For this purpose, we developed a disease-specific questionnaire containing 52 items (mostly of scoring nature) patterned after previously validated instruments and organised into eight domains. Approval by the Human Ethical Committee and respondents\u27 consent were obtained. We analysed the scores for all domains and dogs. The effect of different variables on the HRQOL score was determined via log-rank test and Pearson correlation. Scores for all included dogs (range, 0-235 points) were totaled, with a higher number of points indicating a better HRQOL. The dogs included in this study yielded a mean score of 200.6 points (range, 176-227 points), implying a good overall quality of life. There were no significant associations between individual parameters and outcomes. Our questionnaire represents a structured tool for the specific evaluation of postoperative HRQOL in dogs with meningioma, placing a minimal burden on respondents. Few instruments have been developed to assess animal welfare in a disease-specific context. Implementing these tools, however, is essential to accurately evaluate not only the impact of treatments on biologic parameters, but also their implications on patient welfare. Thus, treatment plans may consider HRQOL for a more comprehensive clinical decision-making process
Der "Schlachthauszwang" in Österreich aus veterinärfachlicher, wirtschaftlicher und soziologischer Sicht, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Wien
No full textDiplomarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2024Der Schlachthauszwang, der 1850 in Wien eingeführt wurde, markierte einen bedeutenden Wendepunkt für das Fleischergewerbe sowie die städtische Versorgung, welche zu dieser Zeit eine kommunale Angelegenheit war. Durch den Schlachthauszwang durfte Schlachtvieh nur noch in öffentlichen/städtischen Schlachthäusern geschlachtet werden. Diese Regelung stellte ein wirtschaftliches, sozialpolitisches und gesundheitspolitisches Novum dar und brachte zahlreiche Vorteile mit sich. Das Fleischergewerbe und die Fleischer standen dieser Veränderung jedoch oft skeptisch gegenüber. Sie fühlten sich von den Behörden in ihren Interessen übergangen und bevor-mundet. Trotz dieser Kritik setzte sich der Schlachthauszwang durch und bewirkte eine stabile städtische Fleischversorgung sowie eine Verbesserung der Fleischqualität. Darüber hinaus trug er — wenn auch langsam und meist indirekt — maßgeblich zum Tierschutz bei."Slaughter warrant" in Austria, with a focus on Vienna, from veterinary, economic and socio-logical points of view The slaughterhouse mandate, introduced in Vienna in 1850, marked a significant turning point for the butcher trade as well as urban provisioning, which at that time was a municipal responsibility. Under this mandate, livestock could only be slaughtered in public or municipal slaughterhouses. This regulation was a novel development economically, socio-politically, and in terms of public health, and it brought numerous advantages. However, the butcher guilds and butchers were sceptical of this change. They felt overlooked and patronized by the authorities in their interests. Despite all the criticism, the slaughter-house mandate prevailed and led to a stable urban meat supply as well as an improvement in meat quality. Additionally, it significantly contributed — even though slowly and mostly indi-rectly — to animal welfare.Diplomarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2024Der Schlachthauszwang, der 1850 in Wien eingeführt wurde, markierte einen bedeutenden Wendepunkt für das Fleischergewerbe sowie die städtische Versorgung, welche zu dieser Zeit eine kommunale Angelegenheit war. Durch den Schlachthauszwang durfte Schlachtvieh nur noch in öffentlichen/städtischen Schlachthäusern geschlachtet werden. Diese Regelung stellte ein wirtschaftliches, sozialpolitisches und gesundheitspolitisches Novum dar und brachte zahlreiche Vorteile mit sich. Das Fleischergewerbe und die Fleischer standen dieser Veränderung jedoch oft skeptisch gegenüber. Sie fühlten sich von den Behörden in ihren Interessen übergangen und bevor-mundet. Trotz dieser Kritik setzte sich der Schlachthauszwang durch und bewirkte eine stabile städtische Fleischversorgung sowie eine Verbesserung der Fleischqualität. Darüber hinaus trug er — wenn auch langsam und meist indirekt — maßgeblich zum Tierschutz bei
Genetic diversity, growth and heart function of Auckland Island pigs, a potential source for organ xenotransplantation
No full textOne of the prerequisites for successful organ xenotransplantation is a reasonable size match between the porcine organ and the recipient\u27s organ to be replaced. Therefore, the selection of a suitable genetic background of source pigs is important. In this study, we investigated body and organ growth, cardiac function, and genetic diversity of a colony of Auckland Island pigs established at the Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich. Male and female Auckland Island pig kidney cells (selected to be free of porcine endogenous retrovirus C) were imported from New Zealand, and founder animals were established by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Morphologically, Auckland Island pigs have smaller body stature compared to many domestic pig breeds, rendering their organ dimensions well-suited for human transplantation. Furthermore, echocardiography assessments of Auckland Island pig hearts indicated normal structure and functioning across various age groups throughout the study. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed higher runs of homozygosity (ROH) in Auckland Island pigs compared to other domestic pig breeds and demonstrated that the entire locus coding the swine leukocyte antigens (SLAs) was homozygous. Based on these findings, Auckland Island pigs represent a promising genetic background for organ xenotransplantation
JAK-STAT signaling maintains homeostasis in T cells and macrophages
No full textImmune cells need to sustain a state of constant alertness over a lifetime. Yet, little is known about the regulatory processes that control the fluent and fragile balance that is called homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that JAK-STAT signaling, beyond its role in immune responses, is a major regulator of immune cell homeostasis. We investigated JAK-STAT-mediated transcription and chromatin accessibility across 12 mouse models, including knockouts of all STAT transcription factors and of the TYK2 kinase. Baseline JAK-STAT signaling was detected in CD8+ T cells and macrophages of unperturbed mice-but abrogated in the knockouts and in unstimulated immune cells deprived of their normal tissue context. We observed diverse gene-regulatory programs, including effects of STAT2 and IRF9 that were independent of STAT1. In summary, our large-scale dataset and integrative analysis of JAK-STAT mutant and wild-type mice uncovered a crucial role of JAK-STAT signaling in unstimulated immune cells, where it contributes to a poised epigenetic and transcriptional state and helps prepare these cells for rapid response to immune stimuli
Validation of three-dimensional thoracic electrical impedance tomography of horses during normal and increased tidal volumes
No full textObjective. Data from two-plane electrical impedance tomography (EIT) can be reconstructed into various slices of functional lung images, allowing for more complete visualisation and assessment of lung physiology in health and disease. The aim of this study was to confirm the ability of 3D EIT to visualise normal lung anatomy and physiology at rest and during increased ventilation (represented by rebreathing).Approach. Two-plane EIT data, using two electrode planes 20 cm apart, were collected in 20 standing sedate horses at baseline (resting) conditions, and during rebreathing. EIT data were reconstructed into 3D EIT whereby tidal impedance variation (TIV), ventilated area, and right-left and ventral-dorsal centres of ventilation (CoVRLand CoVVD, respectively) were calculated in cranial, middle and caudal slices of lung, from data collected using the two planes of electrodes.Main results. There was a significant interaction of time and slice for TIV (p< 0.0001) with TIV increasing during rebreathing in both caudal and middle slices. The ratio of right to left ventilated area was higher in the cranial slice, in comparison to the caudal slice (p= 0.0002). There were significant effects of time and slice on CoVVDwhereby the cranial slice was more ventrally distributed than the caudal slice (p< 0.0009 for the interaction).Significance. The distribution of ventilation in the three slices corresponds with topographical anatomy of the equine lung. This study confirms that 3D EIT can accurately represent lung anatomy and changes in ventilation distribution during rebreathing in standing sedate horses