International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Varietal Identification and Seed Quality Estimation through Biochemical Characterisation of Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)
No full textThe present investigation was conducted during kharif of 2021 at College of Forestry, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal of VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture & Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, to investigate the biochemical characteristics of different varieties of amaranth.The laboratory experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications comprising seven varieties to assess the seed quality and biochemical characters of grain amaranth.In laboratory condition, the seed quality attributes under standard germination test ,viz., germination percentage, seedling total length, seedling fresh and dry weight,and seedling vigour indices were recorded higher with the treatmentT5(PRA-2).Under stress test,viz., accelerate ageing, cold test and water sensitivity test, significantly higher value of seed quality parameters were recorded with the treament T6(PRA-3).On the basis of this investigation, it could be concluded that treatments T4 (PRA-1), T5(PRA-2), T6(PRA-3) and T7(Annapurna)are performing overall better for biochemical and seed quality of amaranth
(Arachis hypogeae L.) as Affected by Sulphur and Planting Methods in Course Textured Soil of South-west Haryana, India
No full textThe groundnut, scientifically known as Arachis hypogea L., is a summer legume plant with rising importance in food, industry, and medicine. Sulphur is the master nutrient for oil seed crop production because it helps in the synthesis of cysteine, methionine, vitamins (B, biotin, and thiamine), metabolism of carbohydrates, oil content, protein content and also associated with growth and metabolism. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in triplications on groundnut cultivar GNH 804 in Bawal utilizing three sulphur levels (0, 25, and 50 kg/ha) and three planting methods (flatbed, flatbed with earthing up, and ridge-furrow). The treatment with 50 kg/ha sulphur in the ridge-furrow method yielded the highest pod yield (2652 kg/ha) and superior nutrient content, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur, in both seeds and stover. This treatment also showed superior quality parameters such as oil and protein content and shelling percentage for groundnut. The treatment with 50 kg/ha of sulphur and the flatbed with earthing up method followed closely in performance
Development of Yield Forecast Model in Bread Wheat Using Regression Analysis
No full textBackground: Studies highlighted the possibilities of simultaneous crop failures in the world’s “breadbaskets” (wheat) due to heat and 40% of the variability in inter-annual wheat production is already related to temperature extremes. The global yield numbers hide the degree of variability of wheat production, yet several environmental conditions pose a threat to wheat production.
Objective: The main objective of the study was to develop a regression model that fitted the dependent variable sufficiently well to account for the total variability.
Method: For this, sixty advance lines along with four standard checks were evaluated for fifteen yield-associated traits and eight quality traits during Rabi 2020-21 at the research area of Wheat and Barley section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Multiple regression analysis revealed that 98.5% of the variability is explained by the studied morphological and quality traits.
Result: The stepwise regression analysis retained a total of seven traits (six morphological and one quality) viz. biological yield per plot, harvest index, grain weight per spike, flag leaf length, main spike weight, number of spikelets per spike and grain appearance score; explaining 97.8 % of the total variability.
Conclusion: The seventh model among all, indicated good yield predicting performance without modifying the traits
Management of Plant Diseases with Green Synthesized Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts
No full textNanotechnology is a rapidly advancing field that has effectively tackled various issues across multiple industries, including agriculture. Nanoparticles (NPs) can typically be synthesized using two different techniques: top-down approach and bottom-up approach. In top-down approach, NPs are generated by reducing the size of a larger material, resulting in agglomerates with nano sized particles. Bottom-up approach involves building nanoscale structures from atomic and molecular components. In agriculture, nanotechnology plays a role in the production of nanoscale fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. Nanoparticles are used in plant disease management as well. The green synthesis of nanoparticles is often referred to as biosynthesis. It uses a range of biological sources like microorganisms or their derivatives as well as plant extracts, instead of synthetic chemicals, with minimal impact on human health and the environment. Green-synthesized nanoparticles (GSNPs) are known for their ease of production and cost-effectiveness. They offer several advantages, including their ability to induce systemic resistance to diseases and exhibit fungicidal and bactericidal properties
Assessment of Yield and Economics under High Density Planting System in Cotton in Kachchh District of Gujarat, India
No full textCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) possesses a position of major fiber and cash crop, which plays vital role to sustain national economy. It provides the basic raw material (cotton fiber) to cotton textile industry. Gujarat contributes substantially to the national cotton area (24%) and productions (37%). A field experiment was carried out during the kharif seasons from 2017-18 to 2019-20 at farmers\u27 fields through ICAR-CAZRI Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kachchh-II to evaluate the impact of frontline demonstrations (FLDs) on cotton productivity and profitability. During the experiment period, a total of 30 FLDs on high density planting system (HDPS) in cotton with the high-yielding variety GTHH-49 were demonstrated in a 12-hectare area across 6 villages in the Bhuj, and Nakhatrana talukas of Kachchh district. The improved variety GTHH-49 with a full package of practices was demonstrated in the plots, while existing technology was treated as the local check. Based on three years of data, the improved practice (IP) resulted in an average seed yield of 2868 kg ha-1, which was an increase of 13.35% compared to the local check yield of 2530 kg ha-1. The demonstrated technology showed an average extension gap, technology gap, and technology index of 338.33 kg ha-1, 631.67 kg ha-1, and 18.05%, respectively. The economic analysis of the demonstrations revealed the viability of the improved technology, with a net return of 101670.3 Rs. ha-1 and a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 3.24, compared to 84964.67 Rs. ha-1 and a BCR of 3.02 for local check. A wide range of extension and technology gaps had a detrimental influence on crop output and net returns in general. The results revealed that the adoption of the high-yielding variety with a full package of practices significantly increased cotton productivity and reduced both extension and technology gaps
Invisible Allies: The Role of Endophytic Entomopathogenic Microbes in Insect Pest Control
No full textEndophytic entomopathogenic microbes, including both bacteria and fungi, hold significant promise as biocontrol agents in sustainable pest management. While the biocontrol potential of entomopathogens are well-established, their role as mutualistic endophytes within plant tissues offers a relatively new avenue for enhancing pest suppression. The ability of these microbes to colonize plant tissues allows them to serve as internal defense agents against insect pests, while simultaneously promoting plant health and resilience to environmental stressors. Here, we explore the growing body of knowledge surrounding the use of endophytic entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi in pest management. These microbes contribute to pest control through direct effects on insect populations, such as mortality and feeding inhibition, as well as indirect plant-mediated mechanisms that enhance plant defenses. Additionally, endophytic entomopathogens provide a range of benefits to their plant hosts, including growth promotion, nutrient acquisition, and protection against pathogens. Despite the clear advantages of using endophytic entomopathogens, there remain key challenges to their widespread implementation. Environmental factors can influence their persistence and efficacy in the field, and their relatively slow mode of action compared to chemical pesticides presents a hurdle for rapid adoption in commercial agriculture. Non-target effects and the development of effective formulations to ensure consistent colonization are also areas that require further investigation. Addressing these challenges through continued research into the complex interactions between endophytes, insects, plants, and their environments will be essential for advancing the integration of endophytic entomopathogenic microbes into sustainable pest management systems
Influence of Date of Planting on Total Sugars and Titratable Acidity of Strawberry Varieties in Vertical Farming
No full textThe research using vertical towers was carried out at Centre of Excellence (COE) for vegetables and flowers, Jeedimetla, Medchal Malkajgiri district of Telangana during Rabi 2022-23 and 2023-24 in Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) evaluating four varieties V1- Nabila (Short day), V2- Flaminia (Short day), V3- Murano (Everbearing), V4-Vivara (Everbearing) and four planting dates D1- planting on October 15th D2-Planting on October 30th, D3- planting on November 15th, D4- planting on November 30th. The vertical tower was divided into three tiers, namely the top tier, middle tier and lower tier and the observations were taken accordingly. The results revealed that, the top tier of the vertical tower has exhibited higher percentage of total sugars and lower percentage of titratable acidity than subsequent tiers of the vertical tower among all the varieties, dates of planting and interactions. Among varieties, Shortday varieties V1 (Nabila) and V2 (Flaminia) has revealed highest percentage of total sugars and lowest percentage of titratable acidity than everbearing varieties V3 (Murano) and V4 (Vivara) in all the tiers of the vertical tower. Among planting dates, D2 (Planting on October 30th) has registered with highest percentage of Total sugars and lowest percentage of titratable acidity in all the tiers of the vertical tower. The interaction of V1 (Nabila) and V2 (Flaminia) with D2 (planting on October 30th) indicated highest percentage of total sugars and the lowest percentage of titratable acidity in all the tiers of the vertical tower
Impact of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on the Incidence of Aphids (Aphis gossypii) in Okra
No full textOkra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is a widely cultivated vegetable in Asia, facing ongoing challenges from aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover). A field study was conducted on a microplot in Kasilingapuram, Karungulam block, Thoothukudi district, during the Rabi season of 2020 and the Summer of 2021. Various plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) were applied to the hybrid COBh 4 okra cultivars through soil, seed, and foliar treatments, and their impact on aphid populations was assessed. The findings revealed a significant reduction in aphid numbers and enhanced production of defensive compounds and enzymes in plants treated with Bacillus subtilis Bbv57 during both the seasons. These results suggest that incorporating PGPRs could be an effective strategy for managing aphid populations by boosting up the biochemical compounds in okra cultivation and can be incorporated in IPM practices
Economic Benefits of NPK and Organic Amendments on Green Gram Yield
No full textThe research study titled Economic benefits of application of NPK, fermented organic manures and mycorrhiza on yield and production of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) Var. PDM-139." was conducted during the Zaid season of 2023 at the Central Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experimental layout followed a 3x3 Randomized Block Design (RBD), incorporating three levels of fermented organic manure (0%, 50%, and 100%), Mycorrhiza (0%, 50%, and 100%), and N, P, K at the Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF). The variety chosen was PDM-139, which was released by the State Variety Release Committee (SVRC) of Uttar Pradesh in 1974. The recorded average yield ranged from 6 to 9 quintals per hectare. The response of total seed yield of green gram recorded as influenced by different levels NPK, fermented organic manure and mycorrhizal inoculation. The seed yield of green gram was found to be increased significantly with the increase in levels of NPK, fermented organic manure and mycorrhizal inoculation. The maximum seed yield was recorded as 16.42 (q ha-1) T9 (NPK@RDF + M2@ 10Kg ha-1 50% + F2@ 50 l ha-1 50%) which was higher than any other treatment combination and the minimum seed yield was recorded as 8.76 (q ha-1) in T1 (control). However, as for the economy of different treatments is concerned, the treatment T9 (NPK@RDF + M2@ 10Kg ha-1 50% + F2@ 50 l ha-1 100%) provide highest net profit of ₹ 68139.13 ha-1 with highest cost benefit ratio is 1:1.605
Morphological Characterization of Citrus Leaves (Citrus species) under Sub-tropical Conditions of Punjab, India
No full textA field experiment was conducted during 2019-2021 at Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh sahib, Punjab to study the morphological characterization of citrus leaves (Citrus species) under sub-tropical conditions of Punjab. For morphological studies, leaves samples collected from the Citrus orchard. Samples were randomly collected from 10 leaves samples which were randomly collected from 5 plants in order to obtain a representative sample. All leaves sample were observed for integrity and absence of dust and insect contamination. The leaves of six different citrus species were used for the morphological characterization. Morphological characters of citrus accessions were observed on basis of UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) descriptors. The experimental results revealed that there were significant variations for morphological characterization in different citrus species. There are no variations in vegetative life cycle, leaf division, leaf colour, leaf lamina attachment in lime, lemon, pummelo, mandarin, grapefruit and sweet orange leaves. Vegetative life cycle was evergreen and leaf division was found to be simple in all the six citrus species. However, maximum mean leaf lamina length, leaf lamina width and leaf lamina length to width ratio was recorded in pummelo followed by grapefruit and mandarin. The maximum leaf area was observed in pummelo which was statistically at par with grapefruit, mandarin, sweet orange, lemon. Thus, there was no significant variation morphological characterization among citrus leaves