International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Indices in Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Subjected to Post-emergence Application of Bensulfuron-methyl and Bispyribac-sodium Herbicides at Different Times
No full textThis study focused on evaluating indices of oxidative stress in Faro 51 and Faro 59 rice varieties subjected to bensulfuron-methyl and bispyribac-sodium herbicide treatments at different application times. Using a split-plot experimental design replicated three times, a field study was carried out during the 2024 rainy season at the Research Farm of Adamawa State University, Mubi. The study treatments consisted of: two rice varieties, three periods of herbicide application, bensulfuron-methyl and bispyribac-sodium herbicides each at 200 and 400 g/ha and 200 and 400 ml/ha concentrations respectively and hoe weeded and weedy check were used as controls. The leaf samples of the rice plants from each treatment plot were obtained at the first and third Weeks after Treatment (WAT). The results showed that weedy check treatment resulted to lowest production of superoxide dismutase and catalase at the first and second sampling than the hoe weeded and herbicide treatments. The malondialdehydes (MD) rate due to hoe weeded (6.08 µmol/g) and 200 g/ha bispyribac-sodium (4.50 µmol/g) treatments were the lowest at first and second sampling respectively when compared with that of other treatments. Also, the 2, 3 and 4 Weeks after Sowing (WAS) application times had significant difference in their effect against the rate of antioxidants production in the rice plants. The 2 WAS caused the highest rate of MD, ascorbic acid (AA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) than 3 and 4 WAS application times. The highest rate of superoxide dismutase (SD) and catalase at the first and second sampling were on the other hand recorded at 4 WAS application time. Again, the herbicide effect based on the rice variety showed that, Faro 51 & Faro 59 rice varieties had significant difference in their rate of antioxidants production. Faro 51 had the highest rate of MD, AA and HP than Faro 59. However, Faro 59 had the highest of SD and catalase than Faro 51. The study concluded that, Faro 59 rice variety has more resistance to oxidative stress than Faro 51 rice variety when subjected to bensulfuron-methyl and bispyribac-sodium herbicides. The application of the two herbicides at 2 WAS induce more oxidative stress on the two rice varieties than at 3 and 4 WAS
Russula deodarae: A New Species of Russula Sect. Ingratae (Russulaceae) from India Based on Morphology and Molecular Data
No full textOne new species of Russula, namely Russula deodarae belonging to subg. Heterophyllidiae sect. Ingratae is proposed herein based on its morphological features and nrITS-based phylogenetic inference. Russula deodarae is characterized by brown, light brown to dark brown pileus; chalky white, adnate, subdistant lamellae; chalky white, yellowish white to dingy stipe with blood red base; hymenial cystidia with obtuse-rounded, subcapitate, mucronate or appendiculate apex; basidiospores composed of conical warts and ridges connected to give partial to incomplete reticulum, distinctly amyloid suprahilar plage. The species was found occurring under Cedrus deodara-dominated coniferous forests and is widely foraged by local communities in the region for its gastronomic delicacy. Detailed descriptions accompanied with colour photographs of the basidiomata, illustrations of the main anatomical features, nrITS-based molecular phylogeny and comprehensive comparisons with similar species are also provided
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield Associated Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textThe present study was carried out during the two successive seasons 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Crop Research Farm, R.A.K. College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Sehore (MP), India. The present study evaluated genetic variability, heritability, correlation, and path analysis among diverse wheat genotypes for key agronomic traits. Significant differences (P<0.01) were observed among genotypes for all studied traits, indicating substantial genetic variability that can be utilized for selection and hybridization. Phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for all traits, highlighting environmental influence. High heritability estimates were recorded for most traits, suggesting strong genetic control, whereas genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was high for traits like the number of effective tillers per plant and 1000-seed weight. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations of seed yield per plant with biological yield, 1000-seed weight, and the number of grains per spike at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, emphasizing their importance in yield improvement. Path analysis identified biological yield, 1000-seed weight, and harvest index as key contributors to seed yield, suggesting their prioritization in breeding programs. These findings provide valuable insights for wheat breeders aiming to enhance genetic gains and develop high-yielding wheat varieties
Evaluation of Amino Acid Based Biostimulant with Surfactant on Groundnut Growth and Yield
No full textA field trial was conducted during Kharif 2024 at Anurag University, Hyderabad, to evaluate the bioefficacy of an amino acid based biostimulant formulation with surfactant on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The formulation, designed to enhance nutrient absorption and stress tolerance, was applied as a foliar spray in varying concentrations (2 ml/l, 3 ml/l, 4 ml/l, and 5 ml/l) in addition to a control treatment and a recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). Results demonstrated that the application of the amino acid based biostimulant with surfactant at 3 ml/l (T4) significantly improved key growth parameters such as plant height (27.25 cm), leaf area (6.12 cm2), root length P (21.13 cm), and dry matter accumulation per plant (36.33 g/m2). Yield components, including pod length (33.63 mm), number of pods per plant (35.00), and pod weight (2.40 gm), were also markedly enhanced at this concentration. Treatment T4 was identified as the most effective and economical concentration, offering comparable or superior results to higher dosages, highlighting its potential for cost-effective crop improvement. The study concluded that the amino acid based biostimulant with surfactant formulation, particularly at 3 ml/l, provides a promising solution for enhancing groundnut productivity by improving nutrient uptake and supporting growth
No-till Farming in the Agroecological Management Approach
No full textThe intensive use of natural resources such as water and soil through conventional planting systems can cause major problems such as increased water erosion, loss of nutrients, phytosanitary problems and high production costs. Given this, it is important to adopt measures that minimize problems and increase the sustainability of production systems. Therefore, when compared to the conventional system, the use of direct planting presents numerous benefits in the long term. The direct planting system is characterized by the adoption of a set of integrated techniques with less soil disturbance, crop rotation and the maintenance of plant residues to form straw on the soil surface, with the aim of maintaining or improving the characteristics physical, chemical and biological
Study on Growth, Yield and Quality of Pea under the Influence of Different Combinations of Biofertilizers and Organic Manures
No full textThe Pea (Pisum sativum) belongs to group of the legume family (Fabaceae). The immature green seeds are eaten raw, cooked, dehydrated, or as the main ingredient in frozen vegetable dishes. The present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research & Demonstration Block, College of Horticulture, VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar Pauri Garhwal during Rabi season (2023-2024) to access the performance of pea to different organic cultivation practices. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete block Design (RCBD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were a combination of different doses of biofertilizers i.e. (Rhizobium leguminosarum) and PSB along with application of organic manures (FYM, Vermicompost and Compost). Parameters like germination (93.333 %), plant height (67.813 cm), leaf count (60.333), RLWC % (80.963 %), number of cluster/plant (13.633), number of root nodules (27.433), root active nodules (14.217), pod length (10.267 cm), pod yield/plant (77.230), seed yield/plant (60.760 g), shelling percentage (48.920 %) and 100 seed weight (46.470 g), TSS (14.0 °Brix) and Ascorbic acid (25 mg/100g) also found highest in T9. The data depicted best results in T9 for all the treatments which was found statistically at par with T5. But considering economic point of view Cost benefit ratio (1:1.73) was found to be maximum under treatment T5 [Rhizobium leguminosarum (20ml) + PSB (20ml) +FYM (10 t/ha)] and should be recommended to the farmers as for deriving maximum profit for organic cultivation of pea. Therefore, the current study concludes that organic sources of nutrients are more environment friendly and sustainable than chemical fertilizers. They also have an advantage over inorganic synthetic fertilizers, which pollute the environment and may accumulate in the soil and lead to health risk of living surrounding beings
Influence of Different Levels Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
No full textThe global food demand of growing human population and need for eco-friendly strategy for sustainable soil-plant-microbes-environmental system currently a crucial challenge. In conventional farming for increasing the crop yield farmers are using huge amount of chemical fertilizer in the fields. Due to either over or imbalance use of chemical fertilizers in cultivation of crops, degraded the soil fertility and health of soil. Such farming is blamed for land degradation and environment pollution and adversely affecting the human health, plants and animals. Soil degradation contributes to low agricultural productivity. Organic amendments (OAs) have the potentials to reverse soil degradation processes by improving the soil\u27s physical and chemical properties and consequently improve crop growth and yield performance An experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2021- 2022 to know the Effect of different levels of Vermicompost,Neam cake and fertilizer on soil health and yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ”. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replicates for each treatment. The fertilizer applied for the crop was NPK and @ 120kg, ha-1, 80kg ha-1, 100 kgha-1, Vermicompost 6 and Neem cake 1.2 t h-1, respectively, showed significant influence on the soil health of Potato . Based on the above research work, it is concluded that application of Vermicompost, Neam cake and fertilizer, treatment T9 [NPK 100% + VC @100% + Neem Cake @ 100% ha-1] was found more beneficial and significantly improved soil, and tuber yield of Potato grown under Allahabad Agro-climatic conditions
Effect of Different RDF Regimes and Nano DAP on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Dynamics of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
No full textThis study investigated the effect of combining full and reduced recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) levels with Nano Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) on growth, yield, and nutrient dynamics in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Two-year field experiments was conducted using a randomized block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments included the control, 100% RDF, 75% and 50% RDF, and combinations of these with Nano DAP seed treatments and foliar sprays. Key parameters measured included plant growth, yield components, seed and straw yields, nutrient content and uptake, The 100% RDF treatment produced the highest seed yield (15.98 q ha-1), followed by 75% RDF + Nano DAP (13.73 q ha-1). Nano DAP treatments increased yield compared to equivalent RDF levels alone. The 100% RDF treatment also resulted in maximum nutrient content and uptake in seed and straw. While Nano DAP improved nutrient use efficiency compared to conventional fertilizers, it did not match the performance of 100% RDF when combined with reduced fertilizer levels. The study demonstrated Nano DAP can partially substitute for conventional fertilizers in chickpea, but cannot fully replace RDF for achieving maximum productivity and nutrient uptake
Effect of Different Levels of Boron for Improving the Yield and Concentration of Boron in Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of Different Levels of Boron for Improving the Yield and concentration of Boron in wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.) during the Winter (Rabi) Season of 2012-2013 at the Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Six treatments, viz. T0: Control (no input), T1: B @ 0.5 kg ha-1, T2: B @ 1.0 kg ha-1, T3: B @ 1.5 kg ha-1, T4: B @ 2.0 kg ha-1, T5: B @ 2.5 kg ha-1, and N, P2O5, and K2O were applied at the recommended dose @ 120: 80: 60 kg ha-1, respectively, were comprised in a randomized block design (RBD) with the three replications. The results revealed that different levels of boron significantly improved the yield and yield-attributing characters of wheat. Maximum grain yield (37.70 q ha-1), straw yield (47.13 q ha-1), total dry matter (84.48 q ha-1) and dry weight of root g-3 plant at 60 DAS (0.318) were recorded with Boron @ 2 kg ha-1. Moreover, maximum dry weight of shoot-3 plant at 60 DAS (1.91) was observed with boron at 2.5 kg ha-1). Maximum B concentration in 3rd leaf (40.63 mg kg-1) B concentration in grain (25.37 mg kg-1) B concentration in straw (30.87 mg kg-1) B concentration in root (160.20 mg kg-1) was recorded under Boron @ 2.0 kg ha-1
Performance of Finger Millet Varieties to Different Crop Establishment Techniques in Rice-fallows
No full textAim: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of finger millet varieties to different crop establishment techniques under rice fallow situations.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three main plots (Crop establishment techniques) and four sub plots (Varieties) that were allocated randomly and replicated thrice.
Place and Duration of study: Rabi, 2023-24 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla.
Methodology: The main plot treatments were Crop establishment techniques i.e., Transplanting (22.5 cm x 10 cm), Dibbling (22.5 cm x 10 cm) and Broadcasting. The sub plot treatments were Varieties which include Vegavathi, Indravathi, Gosthani and Gowthami.
Results: Finger millet grown under broadcasting method of establishment under rice fallow situation recorded higher growth parameters (plant height at harvest 92.0 cm) and drymatter accumulation at harvest (9535 kg ha-1), grain yield (2663 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6183 kg ha-1) over dibbling and transplanting methods of crop establishment. Among the finger millet varieties tested in rice - fallows, Vegavathi recorded significantly higher growth parameters (plant height at harvest 89.4 cm) and drymatter accumulation at harvest (9162 kg ha-1), Grain yield (2622 kg ha-1) and straw yield (6079 kg ha-1) in Krishna zone of Andhra Pradesh. The highest gross returns (112013 Rs. ha-1), net returns (700734 Rs ha-1) and Benefit-Cost ratio (1.71) were recorded in Broadcasting method of crop establishment. Vegavathi variety of finger millet recorded higher gross returns (109792 Rs. ha-1), net returns (65143 Rs. ha-1) and Benefit Cost ratio (1.49) in the study.
Conclusion: Broadcasting method recorded higher growth parameters, yield, gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio. Among the varieties tested, Vegavathi recorded the highest growth parameters, yield, gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio under rice fallow situations of coastal Andhra Pradesh