International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Association Analysis and Correlation Studies in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa)
No full textA total of 53 advanced breeding lines derived from 12 distinct crosses of upland rice germplasm were evaluated during Kharif 2018 at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. Grain yield showed significant positive correlation with no. of tillers per plant, no. of panicles per tiller, spikelets per panicle, biological yield, harvest index and test weight. Harvest index showed highly significant positive correlation with grain yield at both phenotypic and genotypic level. Moderate PCV and GCV was observed for number of tillers per plant followed by flag leaf length, seed yield per plant, harvest index, number of panicles per plant, test weight and panicle length. Genetic advance as per cent of mean was highest for number of tillers per plant, followed by flag leaf length, seed yield per plant, no. of panicles per plant, harvest index and test weight. Moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for biological yield per plant, number of spikelets per plant, flag leaf width and plant height. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean in the present set of rice genotypes was recorded for plant height and harvest index. So, selection for these traits could lead to improvements in rice yield and productivity
Allelopathy in Weed Management: A Comprehensive Review
No full textAllelopathy, the process by which plants release biochemicals called allelochemicals to influence the growth and development of neighbouring plants, offers promising avenues for weed management. This comprehensive review explores the diverse mechanisms, nature, and applications of allelopathy in weed control. Allelopathic interactions occur through various means such as root exudates, volatilization, leaching, and decomposition of plant residues, affecting weed germination, growth, and reproduction. Allelopathic compounds, including phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, inhibit key physiological processes in target plants, presenting opportunities for sustainable weed management. The review discusses the role of allelopathy in agriculture, highlighting the potential of allelopathic crops, cover crops, and plant extracts in suppressing weeds and reducing reliance on synthetic herbicides. Additionally, allelopathy\u27s ecological significance in shaping plant communities and its implications for invasive species management are explored. Integrating allelopathy into weed management strategies holds promise for promoting environmentally friendly and economically viable agricultural practices
Influence of Nutrients and Biostimulants Application on Success Percentage, Leaf Nutrient Status and Physiological Traits of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Seedlings cv. Kagzi
No full textAn experiment was conducted during the year 2023-2024 at Fruit Research Station, Imaliya, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur. It was laid out in 5 x 3 Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with the 18 treatment combinations having 3 replications. Factor-A consist of 5 levels of inorganic fertilizers (F0- (Control) Soil: Sand: FYM, F1- NPK (19:19:19) @ 1 %, F2-Mono potassium phosphate (0:52:34) @ 1 %, F3-Potassium nitrate (13:0:45) @ 1 %, F4-Urea phosphate (17:44:0) @ 1 % and F5-Potassium sulphate (0:0:50) @ 1 %) and Factor-B with 3 level of bio-stimulants ( B0-Panchagava @10 ml/L, B1-Sagarika @ 3ml/L and B2-Krishi Shakti @10ml/L). This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of NPK fertilization alone or in combination with other bio-stimulants on Acid Lime seedling development and vigour to quickly produce viable and healthy seedlings. On the basis of the observation obtained in the present investigation, it is concluded that among the inorganic fertilizers (Factor- A), the treatment F1 (NPK (19:19:19) @ 1%) proved superior over all treatments followed by F4 (Urea phosphate (17:44:0) @ 1%). Among bio-stimulants (Factor-B), treatment B2 (Krishi shakti) performed best over other treatments followed by B1 (Sagarika). The treatment F1B2 (NPK (19:19:19) @ 1% + Krishi shakti) in combination was proved superior over rest of the treatment for the parameters like maximum success percentage (100%, 96% and 96%), CGR (0.38 gm-2day-1 and 0.48 gm-2day-1), RGR (0.022 g/g/day and 0.049 g/g/day ), NAR (0.00155 g/m2/day and 0.0024 g/m2/day), Leaf area index (LAI) (0.51, 0.87 and 1.33) and Leaf area Duration (LAD) (191.80 and 226.80) at 60, 90 and 120 DAP. The treatment combination F1B1 (NPK (19:19:19) @ 1 % + Sagarika) was found next best treatment in this respect. The treatment F1B2 (NPK (19:19:19) @ 1% + Krishi Shakti) was superior for nitrogen content in leaves (1.63%), treatment F2B2 (Mono Potassium Phosphate (0:52:34) @ 1% + Krishi Shakti) for phosphorus content in leaves (0.77%) and F3B2 (Potassium Nitrate (13:0:45) @ 1% + Krishi Shakti) for potassium content in leaves (1.99%) of acid lime seedling
Tomato Growers\u27 Perception of Parasitic Wilt Diseases and the Impact of Cultural Practices on the Management of these Diseases in Côte d\u27Ivoire
No full textAims: Analyze cultivation practices, grower’s perception of parasitic wilt diseases to identify the limitations of current approaches and proposing sustainable agroecological alternatives.
Study Design: Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops in Côte d\u27Ivoire and are widely consumed in daily meals. However, its production faces major constraints, notably parasitic wilt diseases, which limit its ability to meet the growing demand for this commodity.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: the main tomato production zones, covering five agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Côte d\u27Ivoire, between February and August 2024.
Methodology: A semi-structured questionnaire survey was carried out among 150 growers in the main tomato-growing areas of Côte d\u27Ivoire. The information gathered included farmers\u27 socio-economic characteristics, crop practices, and perceptions related to parasitic wilt. These data were supplemented by field observations and then subjected to descriptive analysis and Hierarchical Ascending Classification (HAC) using R 4.4.1, in order to characterize production systems.
Results: The results revealed that 81.51% of growers, mostly men (p˂ 0,001), recognized tomato wilt through symptoms such as thinning of the crown. Among them, 38.66% attributed its appearance to the practice of monoculture. Typological analysis enabled us to group production systems into four distinct categories. Although agroecological practices such as crop rotation and organic fertilization are crucial, they remain little, if at all, adopted by growers. Furthermore, the heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, combined with the lack of recourse to biological control, represents a major challenge for a transition to sustainable agroecological systems.
Conclusion: This study highlights the need for increased awareness among growers to recognize parasitic wilt and for technical support to promote sustainable practices, including the use of biocontrol agents, to improve productivity while preserving agriculture
Influence of Integrated Weed Management and Nitrogen Levels on Nutrient Dynamics, Yield, and Quality of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under Semi-arid Conditions
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the kharif season, to evaluate the effect of integrated weed-management practices and nitrogen levels on nutrient content, uptake, nitrogen-use efficiency, and seed quality of sesame. The trial followed a factorial randomized block design comprising seven weed-management strategies and three nitrogen rates (0, 20, and 40 kg N ha⁻¹). Results revealed that the application of imazethapyr at 0.15 kg ha-1 fb one hand-weeding at 30 DAS significantly improved crop growth parameters, nutrient content (N, P, K), and seed yield (855 kg ha-1), while also minimizing nutrient depletion by weeds. This treatment was statistically on par with two hand-weedings at 20 and 40 DAS. Nitrogen application up to 40 kg ha-1 significantly increased total nutrient uptake (N: 50.44 kg ha-1, P: 9.76 kg ha-1, K: 83.74 kg ha-1), seed protein (17.31%), and oil content (43.39%). However, it also led to higher nutrient removal by weeds under sub-optimal weed control. The findings show that combining effective weed suppression strategies with moderate nitrogen application improves yield, quality, and nutrient-use efficiency of sesame in semi-arid, loamy-sandy soils
Effect of Different Nitrogen Sources on Seed Quality and Economics of Kasuri Methi (Trigonella corniculata L.)
No full textKasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata L.) has a number of therapeutic purposes, including lowering cholesterol levels, eliminating skin blemishes and markings, serving as a carminative, an antipyretic tonic, and an aphrodisiac, as well as being incredibly effective in treating dyspepsia and impaired liver function. The present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm and in the laboratories of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the Rabi season of 2022-23 to assess the effect of different nitrogen sources on seed quality and economics of kasuri methi. The material consisted of a newly developed kasuri methi variety “Hisar Kasuri Methi - 7” which was grown with eighteen treatment combinations of organic manures (Farmyard manure (FYM), Vermicompost), inorganic fertilisers and biofertilizer (Rhizobium). The crop was sown on 20 November 2022 with a randomised block design (RBD). All the treatment combinations were evaluated for different seed quality parameters. The collected data for various parameters were statistically analysed using OPSTAT, and the treatments were compared at a 5% level of significance. Experimental results revealed that significantly highest seed quality attributes viz., test weight (1.70 g), standard germination (89.67 %), seedling length (9.10 cm), seedling dry weight (3.98 mg), vigour index-I (807.33) and vigour index- II (357.17) were observed under treatment T5 (100 % RDN through Vermicompost + Rhizobium (seed treatment), whereas, minimum was recorded under treatment T18 (Control). From the economic point of view, the treatment combination having 100 % RDN (Inorganic) + Rhizobium (T1) gave maximum net returns (Rs 47607.20) and minimum net returns was found under control (Rs.18950.00). The benefit - cost ratio (1.87) was found maximum under treatment T1 (100 % RDN (Inorganic) + Rhizobium) and minimum was found under control (0.75)
Effect of Seed Priming and Foliar Treatment of Melatonin on Stress Alleviation in Brassica juncea L. Grown in Waste Water
No full textSeed germination and seedling growth are vital plant stages that can be affected by stresses such as drought and aging, which cause deterioration and reduce seed viability. The rapid increase in the industries at or along the banks of rivers is leading to serious health hazards for the population consuming the contaminated water and the crops irrigated by the contaminated water. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of melatonin (100 µm) treatment viz., seed priming, foliar spray and seed priming + foliar spray on the plants grown in the waste water. In the experiment, significant reductions in the morphological and yield traits were recorded in the plants grown in waste water. A reduction in shoot length, root length, dry weight, number of leaves, number of internodes, pod length, number of pods, number of seeds and 100 seed weight was observed in the plants grown in waste water as compared to the plants irrigated with tap water.. Melatonin (MT)-treated plants also showed significant improvements in morphological and yield parameters as compared to the control. The highest increase was observed in fresh weight of the plants by the co-application of MT(seed priming + foliar spray) in comparison to the control plants. Further, MT-treated plants exhibited less reduction in morphological and yield components under waste water irrigation as compared to plants grown in waste water without MT treatment. The plants grown in waste water under foliar MT(100 µm) treatment showed increase in shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, number of internodes, number of pods, pod length and number of seeds per pod in comparison to plants grown in waste water only. The study revealed that the foliar MT (100 µm) treatment was most effective in increasing the morphological and yield parameters of mustard grown under waste water compared to seed priming and seed priming + foliar spray treatment.Application of MT at concentration of 100 µmol L-1 by foliar spraying can be helpful in alleviation of stress in mustard growing in waste water. This can be further used in harnessing the photoremediation properties of Brassica juncea L. and reclamation of the soil
Effect of different Nitrogen Sources on Growth and Yield of Kasuri Methi (Trigonella corniculata L.)
No full textKasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata L.) is a slow growing plant remains in a rosette condition during vegetative growth. The flowers are orange-yellow coloured with long stalks. Being a leguminous crop, kasuri methi is highly responsive to nitrogenous fertilizer application especially in early stage. Nitrogen promotes the leaf, stem and other vegetative growth. The plant needs nitrogen for vegetative growth, resulting in higher green and seed yield. Nitrogen plays very important role in chlorophyll synthesis. The present study aimed to determine the effect of different nitrogen sources on growth and yield of Kasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata L.). The investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm and in the laboratories of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Rabi season of 2022-23. The material comprised of newly developed kasuri methi variety “Hisar Kasuri Methi - 7” which was grown with eighteen treatment combinations of organic manures (FYM, Vermicompost) inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer (Rhizobium). All the treatment combinations were evaluated for different growth and seed yield parameters. Experimental results revealed that significantly highest growth and yield attributes viz., plant height at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at maturity (5.53, 14.00, 76.67 and 95.14 cm), number branches/plant (6.99), number of cluster/plant (122.00), number of pods/cluster (19.62), length of pod (2.01 cm), number of pods/plant (2457.97), number of seed/pod (6.95), biological yield (3085.85 kg/ha), seed yield (730.57 kg/ha) and harvest index (23.67%) were observed under treatment T1 {100 % RDN (Inorganic) + Rhizobium}, whereas, minimum was recorded under treatment T18 (Control). Application of vermicompost promotes the lush growth of plants which may be due to the presence of plant growth promoters like auxins and cytokinin in vermicompost, which are responsible for cell division and cell elongation. Increase in plant height and number of branches due to early and abundant nitrogen availability resulting in a better nutritional environment in the root zone for growth and development of plant. The beneficial effect on yield attributes might be also due to the increased supply of all the essential nutrients which might have resulted in higher manufacture of food and its subsequent partitioning to sink. Higher seed yield may be due to Rhizobium and inorganic nitrogen sources, which have enhanced the availability of N in soil as major plant nutrients as well as inoculation of N2 fixer benefit plants than any group of organisms alone and may have additional benefits
Evaluation of Fish Waste Compost as a Fertiliser for Agricultural Use: A Study in Mizoram, India
No full textNearly 75% of the total weight of the fish is generated as solid waste in the form of gut, head, skin, bones, fins and frames after processing. The fish wastes (FW) rich in nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and trace minerals can serve as raw material for the production of many nutritive and non-nutritive products. The study aimed to evaluate the compost prepared from fish waste, which was used as a fertiliser for agricultural use. The study was conducted under pot culture experiment was conducted in a pot culture with broccoli crop (Brassica oleracea) at KVK, Aizawl farm, C.V. Sc. & A.H., CAU (I), Selesih, Mizoram, India. The research was conducted with eleven treatments with three replications. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness of this compost on broccoli. Data for yield attributes such as plant height (cm), no. of leaves per plant (nos.), stem diameter (cm), width of the curd (cm) and weight of the curd per pot (g) were recorded. All the data of observations recorded in the experiments were statistically analysed, and the critical differences (CD) were worked out at a 5% probability level. There was a positive correlation between the plant height, no. of leaves per plant, stem diameter (cm), width of curd (cm) and weight of the curd per pot (g). Treatments (T11) recorded the highest among all treatments, i.e., 25.2 (no. of leaves per plant), 4.58 (stem diameter, cm), 15.97 (width of the curd, cm) and 272.20 (weight of the curd per pot, g). Ascorbic acid content in broccoli crop was recorded higher in 100% fish waste compost with vermiwash (50%) and Phlogacanthus pubinervius(50%) (T11), i.e., 70.25 (mg/100g). Hence, results from these experiments show that this fish waste compost was highly effective on the broccoli and conclude that fish compost can be used as a fertiliser in agricultural practices. It is an effective compost which can enhance yield, yield attributes and quality of broccoli
Crop Residue Management and its Impact on Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Rice-Wheat Cropping Sequence in Tarai Belt of Shivalik Himalaya
No full textThe rice–wheat cropping system is among the most extensively practised agricultural systems globally and is particularly prevalent in northwest India. The study emphasized that in situ crop residue management practices offer the most effective solution to mitigate the widespread issue of residue burning. Crop diversification in rice-based cropping systems has been recognised as an effective strategy for fulfilling the objectives of enhancing productivity for food security, judicious uses of resources and sustainable agriculture for the marginalised group of farmers. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of inorganic and organic nutrient sources on the yield and nutrient uptake of rice and wheat crops. Detailed meteorological data for the cropping season—based on mean weekly observations recorded at the Meteorological Observatory of the Crop Research Centre during the experimental period. For the determination of available nutrients, the AB-DTPA (ammonium bicarbonate–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N), phosphorus (P₂O₅), and potassium (K₂O) were measured following the standard procedure. The results revealed that the application of inorganic fertilizers (T9) consistently produced the highest grain and straw yields in both rice (55.24 and 70.87 q ha⁻¹) and wheat (52.21 and 75.05 q ha⁻¹), primarily due to the rapid availability of nutrients that support optimal crop growth. In contrast, control treatments without nutrient inputs (T8) recorded the lowest yields across both crops. Treatments incorporating crop residues (T2–T7) generally resulted in lower yields compared to those receiving full inorganic inputs, likely due to the slower release of nutrients during residue decomposition. However, combinations involving crop residues, green manures, and Pusa Decomposer (notably T3 and T5) demonstrated improved performance among the organic treatments, indicating synergistic effects on nutrient cycling and soil health. Nutrient uptake followed similar patterns, with T9 showing the highest nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake in both crops. Integrated nutrient management, combining organic and inorganic sources, significantly enhanced nutrient uptake compared to the control and sole organic treatments. These findings underscore the importance of balanced and integrated fertilization strategies to optimize crop productivity and nutrient efficiency in rice-wheat cropping systems. Supporting literature further reinforces the benefits of combining organic amendments with recommended fertilizer doses for sustained soil fertility and crop yield improvement