International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Determining the Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield and Quality of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
No full textThe present investigation was carried out during 2023 at the instructional farm, faculty of horticulture, uttar banga krishi viswavidyalaya, pundibari, west bengal. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (rbd) with eight treatments and three replications. The study aimed to assess the influence of different plant growth regulators on growth, yield, and quality parameters of chilli. The results revealed that treatment t4 (paclobutrazol 40% sc @ 87.5 ml/ha) recorded the highest number of primary branches (4.25), maximum fruits per plant (130.62), yield per plant (449.32 g), yield per plot (6.73 kg), and yield per hectare (10.78 t). Treatment t3 (paclobutrazol 40% sc @ 70 ml/ha) achieved the highest fruit length (8.94 cm), fruit diameter (3.64 mm), and leaf area (3.66 cm²). In terms of quality, the maximum total soluble solids (6.35 °brix), ascorbic acid content (106.63 mg/100g), and total chlorophyll content (2.57 mg/100g) were observed in treatment t6 (alpha naphthalene acetic acid 4.5% sl @ 10 ppm/ha). Conversely, maximum plant height (46.07 cm) and maximum days to 50% flowering (57.38 days) were recorded in the control (t0). The study concludes that the application of paclobutrazol and naa significantly enhances the growth, yield, and quality of hybrid chilli bnhp-104 compared to untreated plants
Impact of Sulphur Sources and Organic Manures on Soil Health in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivation
No full textSulphur (S) is the fourth major plant nutrient after nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and is essential for sustainable crop production. The study aims to evaluate the impact of different sulphur sources and organic manures on soil health in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivation. The field experiment was conducted at Jobner, Rajasthan, India, during kharif 2022. The experiment was arranged as a factorial in a randomised complete block design with three replications, comprising a total of twenty treatment combinations. One factor consisted of four sulphur sources (control, gypsum, elemental sulphur, and bentonite) while the other factor comprised five organic manure treatments (control, FYM at 5 t/ha, FYM at 10 t/ha, vermicompost at 2.5 t/ha, and vermicompost at 5 t/ha). Results revealed that gypsum improved available sulphur and calcium content and alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase enzyme activity in soil, while higher organic manure rates significantly increased soil organic carbon, macronutrient and micronutrient availability, soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase enzyme activity. Vermicompost at 5 t/ha and FYM at 10 t/ha were particularly effective in enhancing soil fertility and enzyme activity. The study concluded that integrating inorganic sulphur sources (gypsum) with organic manures (vermicompost/FYM) improves soil health, nutrient availability, and enzyme activity in sesame cultivation, promoting sustainable agriculture practices
Genetic Diversity Analysis in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using Mahalanobis D2 Statistics
No full textThe present investigation was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity among 48 genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using Mahalanobis D² statistics, with the aim of identifying genetically diverse and high-performing lines suitable for future breeding programs. The genotypes were evaluated under a randomized block design with two replications for ten quantitative traits at the farm of Wheat and Maize research Unit, Parbhani during rabi season 2023-24. Based on D² values, the genotypes were grouped into 11 distinct clusters, indicating the presence of substantial genetic variability. Cluster II included the maximum number of genotypes (17), followed by Cluster I with 15 genotypes and Cluster IV with 8 genotypes. The remaining clusters, namely Cluster III, Cluster V, Cluster VI, Cluster VII, Cluster VIII, Cluster IX, Cluster X, and Cluster XI, each comprised a single genotype. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between Cluster V and Cluster VII, indicating the genotypes in these clusters are genetically most diverse and could serve as ideal parents for hybridization programs aimed at exploiting heterosis or generating transgressive segregants. Cluster mean analysis revealed that Cluster VII recorded superior mean values for key traits such as grain yield per plant, 1000 grain weight and number of grains per spike, while Cluster III and Cluster VI had moderate performance for most characters. The traits contributing most to genetic divergence were number of grains per spike (20.17%), harvest index (15.68%), spike length (12.90%), and plant height (12.67%). The results suggest that genotypes from diverse clusters, particularly those showing high inter-cluster distances and superior trait performance, can be effectively used in crossing programs to improve yield and genetic variability in wheat
Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Characterization of Sunflower Inbreds for Breeding Improvement
No full textAims: To assess the genetic diversity and characterize sunflower inbred lines based on morphological and quantitative traits, with the objective of identifying superior genotypes for future breeding programs and varietal improvement.
Study Design: Randomized block design.
Place and Duration of Study: Oilseeds Research Station, Latur during kharif-2024.
Methodology: Study included 42 sunflower genotypes along with two checks. The diversity analysis was carried out by using Mahalonobis D2 statistic and characterization of sunflower accession by using DUS descriptors and IBPGR guidelines.
Results: The evaluation of 40 sunflower inbred lines and 2 checks revealed significant genetic variability across all morphological and yield-related traits. ANOVA showed highly significant differences for key traits, including days to 50% flowering, plant height, head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed filling percentage, and oil content. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into seven distinct clusters, with the highest genetic divergence observed between Clusters VI and VII. Head diameter contributed most to the genetic divergence, followed by oil content, volume weight, and seed filling percentage. Cluster VII genotypes were superior for early flowering and yield-contributing traits. Broad morphological variation was noted for leaf traits, ray floret number, seed length, and shape, indicating potential for diverse breeding applications.
Conclusion: The study revealed significant genetic variability among 40 sunflower inbreds and 2 checks, identifying promising lines for key yield traits. The observed diversity offers valuable potential for hybrid development and future breeding programs aimed at enhancing productivity and sustainability
Assessment of the Potential of Antitranspirants in Yield Enhancement of Brassica napus L. under Water Stress Conditions
No full textBackground: This experiment uses various antitranspirants to increase leaf resistance to water vapor transfer. Irrigation scheduling is based on soil field capacity, which means irrigation was provided at 100%, 75%, and 50% field capacity. Research aims to conserve soil water and maintain water balance in plants by reducing transpiration. As water scarcity increases, assessing the anti-transpirant’s effectiveness could help develop better-rainfed farming crop technology.
Methods: In this experiment 5 sub-plot treatments (antitranspirants) and 3 main plot treatments (different irrigation levels) were there. The antitranspirants are applied by foliar spray and the interval of spraying of antitranspirants was 30 days. The first spray was done at 21 days after sowing. The growth and yield parameters were taken manually and analyzed using STATISTIX-10 and OPSTAT.
Results: Moisture aids plant growth and development, but high moisture causes more vegetative growth and less economic yield. Based on the analysis of the data it was observed that a moderate level of irrigation that is irrigation at 75% FC, produced the highest yield. Antitranspirants like Kaolin 6% showed improved physiology and WUE, highest production, crop growth, and development. Kaolin 6% was observed to be reducing proline content which indicates stress level, as a result increasing chlorophyll content, reducing stomatal densities, and improving nutrient uptake. Thus Kaolin 6% with irrigation at 75% FC was the most effective for yield, development and stress resistance. Cycocel 1000ppm being a growth retardant showed potential in yield increase and stress tolerance. 
Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Micronutrients in Shivalik Foothill Zone of Himachal Pradesh: A Cross-Site Investigation of Soil Fertility
No full textAgricultural soils are subjected to constant management practices which influences their nutrient status. Further, micronutrients play a crucial role in determining optimal crop growth and yield for majority of the commercial crop roster. Keeping this under consideration, an investigation was carried out for micronutrient status of soils of Indora block of district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Ninety-nine representative soil samples (0-20cm) were collected from the farms primarily growing cauliflower in 400m2 area (minimum). The profile samples were analyzed for DTPA micronutrients by method Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) which was found to be sufficient in Cu and Fe. However, for DTPA-extractable Zn and Mn it varies from 1.12 to 4.30 and 2.04 to 7.20 mg kg-1. These findings emphasize the importance of soil testing and site-specific nutrient management to address potential deficiencies, optimization of crop productivity in the region and promote policy making protocols for the local farming community
Phosphorus Application Improved Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during the Kharif Season in Bangladesh
No full textOkra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) plays a prominent role in the culinary traditions of various tropical and subtropical regions, such as the Southern United States, India, West Africa, and the Middle East. The nutritional contribution of okra extends to being a rich source of dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals like potassium and magnesium. Understanding the relation between okra growth and phosphorus levels can help increase agricultural yield while reducing the adverse environmental impacts. In order to support sustainable agricultural practices, this study intends to investigate the effects of varying phosphorus levels on the growth attributes and productivity of okra. The experiment was conducted at the field experimental station of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, during the Kharif season (April to August) of 2023 using a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The experimental treatments consisted of two okra varieties, namely \u27BARI Dherosh-2\u27 and \u27Chamak\u27 and four levels of phosphorus, viz., 0.0, 70.0, 90.0, and 110 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹. Data on plant height and leaves per plant were recorded at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 days after sowing (DAS). Days required to first flowering, number of floral buds per plant, number of pods per plant, individual pod weight, pod length and diameter, pod yield, and dry matter accumulation in different plant parts were also recorded. The result indicated that the vegetative growth parameters and yield-contributing characters were significantly improved with phosphorus fertilisation. The ‘BARI Dherosh-2’ when treated with 90 P₂O₅ ha⁻¹ resulted in maximum plant height (99.27 cm at 100 DAS), branches per plant (4.68 at 100 DAS), fruits per plant (36.65), and fruit yield (14.94 t ha⁻¹). The results were statistically similar to those obtained with the treatment combination using the same variety at 110 P₂O₅ ha⁻¹. It has been concluded that \u27BARI Dherosh-2\u27, along with a dosage of 90 kg P₂O₅ per hectare, could be a suitable dose for cultivating okra during the Kharif season in Bangladesh
Influence of Nitrogen Application Rates and Plant Spacing on Nutrient Uptakes and Yield Curve of Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
No full textBasmati rice is a high-end agricultural product because of its distinctive cooking qualities and exquisite aroma. Basmati rice, also referred to locally as "scented pearls," is native to the Indian subcontinent and has been grown there for more than 250 years. The “Influence of Nitrogen Application Rates and Plant Spacing on nutrient uptakes and yield curve of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)" in the Rabi season crop of 2023–2024 was the subject of a field experiment conducted at Rama University at Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Nitrogen levels (kg/ha)- N0: 0(kg/ha), N1: 40(kg/ha), N2: 60(kg/ha), N3: 80(kg/ha), N4: 100(kg/ha) and Plant geometry (cm)- G1-20 × 15, G2-15 × 15, G3-20 × 10, G4-15 × 10 were the five treatments with N levels and four treatment with plant geometry that were included in the experiment. Three replications of each treatment were carried out using a Randomised block design (Factorial) Replications. The rice crop was used in the experiment. The experimental soil had a pH between 7.2 and 7.8, medium levels of organic carbon, and medium levels of potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. greater nutrient uptake was found to be significantly greater in this pattern, and the results seemed to show that the five treatments with N levels and four treatment with plant geometry N4- 100 (kg/ha) had significant Nitrogen uptake (kg/ha), Nitrogen uptake in grain (kg/ha), Nitrogen uptake in straw (kg/ha), Total Nitrogen uptake (kg/ha), Phosphorus uptake (kg/ha), Phosphorus Uptake by Grain (kg/ha), Phosphorus Uptake by Straw (kg/ha), Total Phosphorus Uptake (kg/ha), Potassium uptake (kg/ha), Potassium Uptake by Grain (kg/ha), Potassium Uptake by Straw (kg/ha), Total Potassium Uptake (kg/ha), Yield Curve, with the different nutrient levels. The farmer\u27s methods produce the lowest grain yield, growth traits, and yield qualities. The decomposition of crop residues and the use of organic manure resulted in an improvement in soil quality at the five treatments with N levels and four treatments with plant geometry. With N4 100 (kg/ha and G3 treatments, the N levels have the highest net return and benefit cost ratio. These findings underscore the importance of balancing nitrogen application and planting density to optimise nutrient uptake and maximise rice yield, with 20 × 10 cm spacing and moderate-to-high nitrogen levels offering the best outcomes
Assessment of Yield Contributing Traits Using Correlation Coefficient Analysis in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars from Southern India
No full textAims: The main objectives of the study is to evaluate the yield contributing characters in date palm cultivars at Ariyakulam village, Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu.
Study Design: Randomized block design (RBD).
Place and Duration of Study: The research experiment was carried out in 15 different date palm cultivars at Ariyakulam, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu in the year 2024-2025.
Methodology: The 15 date palm cultivars, such as Barhee, Khalas, Anand, Mijenas, Khadrawey, Sayas, Makdhoom, Elite, RB-1, Kanijee, Noor, Medjool, 0.91, 101, and Ajwa. The yield contributing characters such as tree age (year), tree canopy volume (m³), trunk circumference (cm), leaf length (cm), number of fronts/tree, number of leaves/fronds (NL), fruit weight (g), pulp weight (g), pulp thickness (mm), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), seed weight (g), pulp: ratio, seed: ratio, number of bunches/ tree, bunch weight, yield are correlated. The Correlation coefficient was generated using the CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) programme version 4.5.0.
Results: The yield contributing traits are highly positively correlated with the number of bunches/tree (0.936), bunch weight (0.650) and fruit weight is positively correlated with pulp weight (0.974), thickness of the pulp (0.869), fruit length (0.854), fruit diameter (0.934), seed weight (0.934), and pulp ratio (0.818). However, tree age, trunk circumference, number of leaves/fronds, pulp: ratio, and seed: ratio had a negative indirect effect.
Conclusion: In this study, the phenotypic correlation analysis revealed that fruit weight, pulp weight, pulp thickness, fruit length, fruit diameter, seed weight, number of bunches/trees, and bunch weight are important factors in increasing yield. So, the findings of the study will aid in the germplasm management and conservation, as well as breeding strategies
Phenotypic Assessment of Oil Palm Diversity through Field-level Screening for Improved Yield Performance on Njala Upland Soil
No full textThis study was primarily undertaken to assess the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield performance among oil palm genotypes on Njala upland soil. To determine the FFB yield, field research was carried out using four oil palm genotypes in an independent complete randomized design in four replications on 160 experimental sample palms. Three years of data were collected on yield and fruit bunch components, and vegetative traits. In the current study, 23 quantitative variables were used to evaluate the performance of four genotypes of oil palm. Through the analysis of variance, the morphological features of the different variants showed a wide range of variation. The traits were found to be influenced by the environment. Genotype Y26666B had the highest FFB yield at 188.31 (kg/palm/year) followed by genotype Y26515A 171.58 (kg/palm/year). It was further examined that FFB yield gap exists among the genotypes and all of them [Y26515A, Y26456A, Y26666B and Y26520C (13.16, 17.86, 11.90 and 17.86 t/genotype/year)], respectively, proved to have high FFB yield gap. This showed that among the elite genotypes (Y26666B and Y26515A), there is a significant opportunity to increase their FFB yield. Correlation (r) validated that fruit bunch number had more positive impact on FFB yield than average bunch weight. The findings suggested an alternative method for future studies, hence, genotype Y26666B could be selected as parent for future breeding programs