International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers, Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Swarna Pratibha
No full textThe present study determines the effect of Inorganic Fertilizers, Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Swarna Pratibha. The experiment was conducted during 2020-21 at the Vegetable Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi. It employed a randomized block design with eleven treatments, each replicated thrice, to evaluate their impact on various growth, flowering, and yield parameters in Brinjal. The treatments included combinations of inorganic fertilizers (NPK), organic manures (such as vermicompost and Karanj cake), and bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter, Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), Trichoderma, and Pseudomonas fluorescens). The control treatment received no additional inputs. Key findings from the study highlighted treatment T10, which comprised 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) along with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens, as particularly effective. This treatment exhibited the highest number of flowers per cluster (4.67), the shortest days to first picking (60.75 days), the maximum number of fruits per plant (16.99), the longest fruit length (16.86 cm), and the highest fruit yield per plant (2.23 kg/plant). The results indicated that the combined application of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures, and bio-fertilizers significantly enhanced the growth, flowering, and yield attributes of Brinjal. Moreover, this integrated approach also improved nutrient content in the fruit and soil compared to the control. Specifically, the use of Trichoderma-enriched compost with Pseudomonas fluorescens was noted to enhance soil fertility and promote beneficial microbial activity in the rhizosphere. The uptake of nitrogen by brinjal fruits was significantly influenced by various treatments. The maximum N uptake (26.88 g/plant) in fruits was recorded in the treatment T10 (100% RDF + Trichoderma + Pseudomonas fluorescens while minimum was found in treatment T11 (15.48 g/plant) uptake of P in brinjal fruits. This synergy contributed to higher yield and increased mineral concentrations in the Brinjal fruits. This study concluded that Trichoderma-enriched biofertilizer has the potential to reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers, thereby, supporting sustainable agricultural practices. Overall, the findings underscored the importance of integrated nutrient management systems in optimizing Brinjal production while minimizing environmental impacts
Yield and Economics Enhancement of Toria (Brassica campestris L Var. Toria) through Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLD) in Dibrugarh District of Assam, India
No full textRapeseed (toria) is one of the most important oilseed crops in Dibrugarh district of Assam. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dibrugarh conducted Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLD) programme in two consecutive years ie. 2022-23 and 2023-24 during rabi season on toria variety TS 38 to evaluate its impact on yield and income gap through recommended package of practices. The demonstration was conducted in total thirteen villages covering 200 numbers of farmers in Dibrugarh district to find out the extension gap, technology gap, technology index and economic indexes of the crop before and after the intervention. The results revealed that, average yield of toria under demonstrated plots were 10.23 q/ha against 7.05 q/ha from farmers plots with the average yield increase was 45.44 per cent. The average technology gap, extension gap and technology index were 1.78 q/ha, 3.20 q/ha and 14.79 per cent respectively. Also average net return and B: C ratio under demonstration packages were recorded as Rs. 27285.00 per hectare and 2.25:1 respectively against Rs. 16123.00 per hectare and 1.84:1 B:C ratio under farmers practices. Therefore, the results indicated that by the use of high yielding toria variety TS 38 along with recommended package of practices help to enhance yield and economics of toria in Dibrugarh district of Assam
Impact of Weather Parameters on Population Dynamics of Litchi Leaf Roller, Dudua aprobola (Meyrick, 1886) on Litchi in Eastern Plateau and Hill Region of India
No full textThe influence of weather factors on the population dynamics of the litchi leaf roller, Dudua (=Platypeplus) aprobola, was studied at ICAR RCER, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region (ICAR RCER, FSRCHPR), Ranchi during the years 2023- 2024. The relationship between temperature, rainfall, and leaf rollers was established. The population pattern of leaf rollers was observed more or less the same in both years. The highest incidence of the leaf roller occurred during the 40th and 41st standard meteorological weeks (SMW) in both years (1.6 to 2.5 rolled leaves per shoot). The correlation analysis between leaf roller and weather parameters showed a significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (p<0.01) and a negative with rainfall (p<0.05). The linear regression model is based on weather parameters as an independent variable and leaf roller population as dependent variables explained by 55 to 66 percent leaf roller population variability. Environmental factors played a determining factor in leaf roller population dynamics. 
Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Weed Management on Growth and Yield of Sesame
No full textSesame (Sesamum indicum L.), a vital oilseed crop, faces productivity challenges due to irrigation and weed management issues. This study aimed to investigate the impact of irrigation frequency and weed management on the growth and yield of sesame, conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh, using a split-plot design with four levels of irrigation (I₀: no irrigation, I₁: one irrigation at 20 DAS, I₂: two irrigations at 20 and 40 DAS, I₃: three irrigations at 20, 40, and 60 DAS) and four weed management strategies (W₀: no weeding, W₁: one hand weeding at 20 DAS, W₂: two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS, W₃: post-emergent herbicide application at 20 and 40 DAS). Results showed that three irrigations (I₃) significantly increased plant height, branching, and seed yield (1.282 t ha⁻¹), while weed control using herbicides (W₃) or combined hand weeding (W₂) minimized competition, yielding the highest seed output (1.171 t ha⁻¹). Differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). These findings emphasize that adopting efficient irrigation schedules and integrated weed management can sustainably boost sesame productivity, providing valuable insights for farmers and researchers targeting yield improvements in resource-limited settings
Study on Morphological Tree Characteristics of Half-Sib Seedling Genotypes of Mango Hybrid Sonpari
No full textThe present study was carried out at Agriculture Experimental Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Paria, Gujarat, India, during year 2023 & 2024 with 40 half sib seedling genotypes of mango hybrid variety Sonpari (Alphanso × Baneshan) which were evaluated and compared using morphological characters like tree height, trunk circumference, crown diameter, crown shape and descriptive statistics analysis was done. Mango hybrid Sonpari was taken as check variety. Among the half-sibs studied, genotypes SHS-61, SHS-123 and Sonpari were medium heighted (6.1-9.0 m) and remaining selected cultivars were short heighted ((≤6.0 m). Highest tree circumference (99.61 cm) and crown diameter (6.17 m) were recorded in genotypes SHS-46 and SHS-146 respectively. Among the selected half-sib genotypes, nineteen genotypes had oblong crown shape while semi-circular crown shape was observed in eight genotypes. The spherical crown shape was observed in eleven genotypes however three genotypes had broadly pyramidal crown shape. Thirty-two genotypes had spreading tree growth habit whereas, remaining nine genotypes had erect tree growth habit
Identifying the Economic and Ecological Potential of Tendu Leaves to Develop Innovative Value Addition Strategies in Chhattisgarh
No full textTendu leaves (Diospyros melanoxylon) are a critical non-timber forest product (NTFP) in India, particularly in Chhattisgarh, where they support the livelihoods of millions through traditional bidi production. We have explored opportunities to diversify the tendu leaf value chain beyond its traditional use, focusing on innovative strategies for sustainable rural development. This research investigates possible value additions in the Kondagaon region of Chhattisgarh, focusing on eco-friendly packaging, herbal products, artisanal crafts, and bio-materials. The study employs primary surveys, stakeholder interviews, and secondary data analysis to gather insights. The findings highlight the significant economic contributions of tendu leaves, particularly for women, while also identifying challenges such as market limitations, infrastructure deficits, and skill gaps. The study proposes implementation strategies involving pilot studies, technical collaboration, and local processing units to promote these innovative applications
Response of Green Gram Demonstrated Technology under NICRA Cluster Front Line Demonstration in Nagaur, Rajasthan, India
No full textA comparative study was conducted under the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Cluster Front Line Demonstration (FLD) initiative in Nagaur district, Rajasthan, spanning the 2022-23 and 2023-24 cropping seasons. The objective was to evaluate the agronomic and economic performance of an improved management package for green gram (Vigna radiata) against conventional farmer practices. Observations revealed enhanced root nodulation in the FLD plots. The mean number of nodules per plant at 20 days after sowing (DAS) was 11.58 and 10.60, and at 40 DAS was 24.40 and 24.12 for the respective years. Correspondingly, nodule dry weight per plant at 20 DAS (30.15 & 70.54 units) and 40 DAS (24.87 & 63.22 units) was also greater under the FLD system. Significantly higher grain yields were recorded in the FLD plots (10.30 q/ha and 9.94 q/ha for 2022-23 and 2023-24, respectively) compared to the farmer practice plots. The Technology Index for the demonstrated package was relatively low (39.19% and 43.24%), indicating effective technology transfer. The calculated Extension Gap ranged between 1.77 and 2.35 q/ha. Economic analysis showed superior net returns from the FLD plots (₹53,422/ha in 2022-23 and ₹58,379/ha in 2023-24) with higher Benefit-Cost ratios (3.02 and 3.19) compared to the local check (2.39 and 2.81). These results strongly suggest that the adoption of the improved package of practices promoted via the NICRA FLD program significantly boosts both the productivity and profitability of green gram cultivation in the region
The Impact of Organic Amendments on Fruit Crop Production: A Comprehensive Review
No full textThis review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the effects of organic amendments on fruit crop quality and soil health, with a focus on identifying areas for future research. Organic fruit crop production additives are continuously gaining popularity due to increased demand for high-quality fruits and sustainable agricultural practices. Organic amendments such as compost, manure, and green manure along with biofertilizer have been shown to enhance soil properties, thus enhancing fruit quality, yield, and nutritional content. They also facilitate microbial diversity, soil fertility, and water-holding capacity, which promotes sustainable agriculture and reduces dependence on artificial fertilizers. However, farmers might face some challenges including the high price of the inputs, uneven quality, and possible environmental hazards such as heavy metal deposition. Future research must focus on designing cost-effective and environmentally sustainable means, improving the consistency and quality of organic fertilizers, and examining their interaction with other sustainable agricultural practices. By solving these problems, organic amendments may become a cornerstone of sustainable fruit crop production, benefiting both the environment and human health
Influence of Vermicompost and Sulphur on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) - Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping Sequence under Loamy Sand Soil
No full textA field experiment was conducted at RARI, Durgapura-Jaipur in irrigated coarse textured agro ecological situations during Rabi 2014-15, 2015-16 & 2016-17 to find out the effect of sulphur and vermicompost application on grain and straw yield of wheat under groundnut – wheat crop sequence. Twelve treatments were taken in randomized block design with three replications, variety Raj- 3765 of wheat was taken as test crop. Three, years pooled data revealed that significantly higher grain and straw yield was obtained where, vermicompost was applied @ 6t/ha which is at par with T5 where V. C. was applied @ 2t/ha. Soil application of V. C. @ 6t/ha + S @ 45kg /ha+ N P K gave significantly highest grain and straw yield (50.75 & 72.44 q/ha) of wheat over treatment T1, T2, T3, T4, T7 and T10 and at par with T5 and rest of the treatment. The lowest yield was recorded in T1 (37.05& 52.15 q/ha). Three-year pooled data of ground nut revealed that soil application of vermicompost @ 6t/ha + S @ 45kg /ha+ N P K gave significantly highest pod yield (43.15 q/ha) of groundnut over treatment T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T7 and T10 and at par with T6 where vermicompost was applied @ 2 t/ha and sulphur was applied @ 45kg/ha (40.08 q/ha) and rest of the treatments. The lowest yield was recorded in T1 (30.51 q/ha)
Effect of Fungi Mycorrhizal Arbuscular (FMA) Dosage on the Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) in Ultisol
No full textAims: This study aims to determine the optimal dosage of Fungi Mycorrhizal Arbuscular (FMA) to enhance the growth and yield of shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) in Ultisol.
Study Design: The research was conducted from February to April 2024 at the Agronomy Experimental Station and Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, at an altitude of ±10 m above sea level.
Methodology: A completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor was used, consisting of five FMA dosage treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g inoculant/plant), with four replications, resulting in 20 experimental units. Each unit consisted of three plants, totaling 60 shallot plants.
Results: The application of FMA significantly influenced shallot growth and yield, particularly fresh and dry shoot weight and fresh onion bulb weight. At a 40 g inoculant/plant dose, FMA can increase fresh and dry shoots and bulb weight by 24.83%, 2.51%, and 50.65%, respectively, compared to without FMA application.
Conclusion: The application of FMA at a dosage of 40 g inoculant/plant effectively enhances shallot growth and yield, particularly in shoot and bulb weight