International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Geo-spatial Assessment of Rainfall Impact on Kharif Rice Area Estimation in Chhattisgarh Using Sentinel-1A
No full textThis research uses satellite-based remote sensing and GIS approaches to examine the association between South-West monsoon rainfall and kharif rice acreage in Chhattisgarh. Planning for agriculture requires an awareness of rainfall variability since the state depends on rain-fed rice farming. Using rainfall data and microwave remote sensing, the research examines rice acreage trends at the district and block levels during the 2017 and 2019 monsoon seasons. Significant regional variation in rice response to rainfall is shown by the data, with the majority of places exhibiting positive correlations and others—particularly blocks that are wooded and prone to drought—displaying negative or unusual responses. The results highlight how crucial localized farming practices and early warning systems are to reducing climate- related hazards and promoting food security in rural areas that rely on rainfall
Efficacy of Insecticides against Major Insect Pests of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.): Impact on Pest Populations, Natural Enemies, Yield and Economic
No full textAims: The present study evaluates the efficacy of eight insecticides against major okra pests (jassids, whiteflies, and shoot and fruit borer), their safety to beneficial coccinellid beetles, and their economic viability based on yield performance and cost-benefit analysis.
Study Design: Randomized block design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Central Research Station, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, during the summer seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21.
Methodology: Eight insecticides, including flupyradifurone (250 g a.i./ha), diafenthiuron (300 g a.i./ha), and emamectin benzoate (7 g a.i./ha), were applied as foliar sprays at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS). Pest populations, fruit damage, coccinellid counts, yield, and incremental cost-benefit ratio (ICBR) were assessed. Data were arcsine-transformed and analyzed using ANOVA.
Results: Flupyradifurone reduced jassid populations by 79.84% (2.47/plant, P = 0.05), diafenthiuron whitefly populations by 79.39% (1.20/plant, P = 0.05), and emamectin benzoate fruit borer damage by 82.35% (4.12% by number, P = 0.05). Emamectin benzoate achieved the highest yield 7.54 t/ha (89.92% increase, P = 0.05) with an ICBR of 1:12.44 (Rs 66,090/ha). Emamectin benzoate, clothianidin, spinetoram, and flupyradifurone preserved coccinellid populations (3.89–4.25/5 leaves, P > 0.05 vs. control).
Conclusion: Flupyradifurone, diafenthiuron, and emamectin benzoate were effective, ecologically safe, and economically viable pest management for okra, supporting integrated pest management strategies. Flupyradifurone, diafenthiuron, and emamectin benzoate were effective, ecologically safe, and economically viable for okra pest management, supporting integrated pest management strategies
Agronomic Assessment of Biochar-Enriched Compost in the Southern Sudanian Zone of Burkina Faso for Yam Production
No full textBiochar production requires large quantities of pyrolysable materials, posing challenges for producers to mobilize. The addition of reduced quantities of biochar during composting of organic residues could be an alternative for better promoting the use of biochar in agriculture. This study was carried out in the southern Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso with the aim of improving the agronomic value of composts via addition of biochar during composting for sustainable soil management. The first phase of the experiment involved a composting trial with three replicates and two treatments (sole compost and biochar-enriched compost). The composts which were produced were then evaluated for yam production in a completely randomized block design with four replicates. The parameters studied involved the changes in temperature and dry matter content during composting, as well as the chemical characteristics of the composts, yam tuber yield and soil organic C content. The composts were statistically similar in terms of temperature evolution, dry matter content, total N, P, K content and C:N ratio. The sole compost had a pH-H2O of 8.6 which was statistically higher than that of biochar-enriched compost (8.3). The available organic C, labile C, N and P contents of the biochar-enriched compost were 27%, 27%, 28% and 21% higher respectively than those of sole compost. The two composts were similar in terms of their effect on yam tuber yield but statistically higher than the control treatment. They did not significantly improve soil organic C compared to the control treatment. Co-composting with biochar could improve the agronomic performance of composts
Determining the Growth Trends, Varietal Status, and Economic Benefits of Selected Black Gram Variety Released by Dr. PDKV, Akola, Maharashtra, India
No full textThis study aims to examine the growth trends, varietal status, and economic benefits of the selected black gram variety released by the University Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. Black gram grains are an important pulse diet of the nation and used in different food preparations. In the varietal front of the Pulses Research Station, Dr. PDKV has made significant progress by releasing 03 excellent black gram Varieties for Maharashtra. In the Black Gram variety, TAU 1 was released in 1985. It comprises a selection of pulses research units, methods of data collection, and analysis of data by applying appropriate statistical tools. The data on costs and returns of Udid TAU 1 and other varieties data of respective crops for the year 2019-20 were compiled from the Black gram quick estimate reports of Agricultural Price Cost and Scheme, Department of Agril. Economics and Statistics, Dr. PDKV, Akola. In addition to this primary data has been collected from the survey of sample cultivators through personal interviews. A partial budget approach was used for estimating the impact of research outcomes on income generation. The result revealed that the total economic worthiness of the university-released Black gram production technology over other competing varieties of Black gram in the region was Rs.14608.12/- per hectare respectively. It means the Net Economic Impact to the farming community in Maharashtra state was Rs. 58.92 crores for black gram in the year 2019-20. The area under University released black gram varieties for the year 2019-20 was 58560.75 hectares. Black gram variety, the Gross economic impact of University variety for the last 15 years was Rs. 3904.72 crores. As per the demand of farmers, it is need to increase the seed production of TAU1 varieties of Black gram
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Flower Yield and Shelf Life of Gaillardia
No full textTo assess the impact of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on flower yield and quality of Gaillardia, an experiment was carried out at Pt. Kishori Lal Shukla College of Horticulture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon (C.G.) during the 2022-2023. Thirteen treatments comprising different concentrations of GA₃ (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 250 ppm), NAA (100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm), CCC (500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm), MH (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm) and control (Distilled water) were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Application of different plant growth regulators was done at 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT). Results revealed that foliar application of GA₃ 100 ppm significantly enhanced flower diameter (66.35 mm), number of flowers/plant (77.66), flower yield per plant (177.50 g), flower yield/plot (4.43 kg), flower yield/hectare (14.76 t/ha) and flowering duration (78.90 days) and shelf life (42 hrs). These findings suggest that GA₃ at 100 ppm is most effective in improving flowering, yield parameters and shelf life of Gaillardia
Impact of Varietal Demonstrations on the Productivity and Sustainability in Blackgram at Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu, India
No full textPopularization of newly released variety in a new environment through field demonstrations has an important role after variety release to increase the productivity and sustainability in a particular location. Keeping In this view, the field demonstrations were conducted at farmer’s field by introducing new blackgram variety VBN 11. A total of fifteen field demonstrations were conducted by using new blackgram variety (VBN 11) at farmer’s field organized by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu during 2023-24. The blackgram variety VBN 11 seeds were distributed to selected farmers on no cost basis for one acre along with critical inputs. The farmers cultivating variety VBN 4 was used as the check variety (farmer’s practice). An average yield of 1,107 kg.ha-1 was recorded in the VBN 11 demonstration plots which was 12.91% increase over farmers cultivating variety VBN 4 (981 kg.ha-1). The farmers have obtained additional revenue of Rs.12,580.ha-1 from VBN 11 demonstrations. In this regard, one training programme on production technologies for pulses was organized for the beneficiary’s farmers by KVK, Villupuram, (Tamil Nadu) before conducting the final demonstrations to improve the productivity in Villupuram District through new varietal demonstrations
Effect of Nano-fertilizers on Growth and Yield Performance of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)
No full textThe study aimed to assess the influence of different nutrient regimes involving conventional and nano NPK fertilizers on key growth and yield parameters of cauliflower, including plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, days to curd initiation, polar and equatorial curd diameters, gross and net curd weights, and overall yield. Conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (Himachal Pradesh), the experiment followed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising 11 treatment combinations, each replicated three times. The treatments included various combinations of recommended doses of conventional fertilizers (RDF) and foliar applications of nano-NPK fertilizers at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. The cauliflower cultivar used was Pusa Snowball K-1. Observations were recorded on vegetative growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area), physiological traits (days to curd initiation), curd development parameters (polar and equatorial diameters), and yield components (gross and net curd weights, and total yield per plot and per hectare). Results revealed that the integrated application of 1.0% nano-NPK with 80% RDF (Treatment T7) significantly outperformed all other treatments, recording the highest values in all measured parameters: plant height (51.39 cm), number of leaves per plant (21.03), leaf area (1126.00 cm²), earliest curd initiation (88.91 days), curd diameters (13.50 cm and 15.06 cm), gross curd weight (1341.81 g), net curd weight (809.56 g), and yield (293.12 q ha⁻¹). In contrast, the absolute control (T11) consistently showed the lowest performance. The findings demonstrate that integrating nano-NPK with reduced levels of conventional fertilizers is an effective and sustainable nutrient management strategy for improving growth, curd development, and productivity in cauliflower, while enhancing nutrient-use efficiency and supporting environmentally sound agricultural practices
Assessing the Magnitude of Heterosis for Yield and its Component Traits in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
No full textThe present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of heterosis in 28 sesame hybrids derived from a Line x Tester mating design involving four female and seven male genotypes, along with their 11 parents and one standard check (JLT-408). The experiment was carried out during Rabi 2024–25 at the Experimental Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Latur. Observations were recorded on seed yield and associated traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among parents and crosses for key traits including plant height, number of capsules per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant and oil content. Several hybrids, notably TBS-07 × TS-24, TBS-02 × TS-20, TBS-09 × TS-20, TBS-09 × TS-24 and TBS-10 × V-22, exhibited high standard heterosis over the standard check JLT-408 for seed yield and other yield related traits. The identification and selection of such high heterotic hybrids with superior per se performance can be considered a promising strategy for genetic improvement in sesame
Natural and Artificial Screening of Various Chilli Genotypes to Assess Resistance for Chilli Leaf Curl Virus under South Gujarat Conditions
No full textAims: The purpose of this work was to evaluate and identify chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes resistant to Chilli Leaf Curl Virus under natural and artificial screening circumstances, with an emphasis on their suitability for cultivation in south Gujarat.
Study Design: The investigation used a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 25 chilli genotypes and 3 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out during the winter season of 2024-2025 at Jarvi Seeds Pvt. Ltd. at Bharadia, Bharuch, Gujarat.
Methodology: 25 genotypes were examined in natural field circumstances and artificially inoculated with virulent whiteflies. Standard rating scales were used to assess disease incidence, severity and reaction. Data were statistically analysed to divide genotypes into resistance categories.
Results: The results showed that genotype responses varied significantly. Under natural screening, 2 genotypes - KSP 1234 Mithila and US 730 were highly resistant while, 20 genotypes were resistant and 3 genotypes were moderately resistant. Under artificial screening, only 3 genotypes - KSP 1234 Mithila, US 730 and US 1081 remained resistant, 16 genotypes showed moderate resistance and 6 genotypes became vulnerable. Disease pressure and reaction severity were often higher under artificial settings.
Conclusion: KSP 1234 Mithila and US 730 have been discovered as stable and long-lasting resistance sources. Artificial screening was more reliable in finding real resistance, providing useful insights for chilli leaf curl virus resistant genotype in Gujarat
Germination Inducing Activity of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotypes on Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth
No full textStriga hermonthica, an Orbanchaceae, is a devastating root parasitic weed on Poaceous crop. The infection by Striga starts with germination of its seed, which is induced by germination stimulant secreted by the host and non host root. Most of germination stimulant are stricolagtons SLs, whichhave been discovered as plant hormones that regulate the development of different plant parts. Amount and composition of SLs may vary among different plant species as well as among different cultivars of the same species. The first natural SLs were, isolated from the root exudates of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and given the name strigol. Cotton is major crop in the Sudan and recently cotton production in the rain-fed area, where Striga is most prevalent, is receiving much attention. The present investigation was set to study genotypic variability in efficacy of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as a trap crop for Striga, was match with objective to developing cost effective control in prevalent Striga endemic area. Laboratory experiments of three cotton genotypes were grown in a greenhouse, harvested, severed into roots, stems, leaves, flowers, bolls and seeds, air dried and powdered and tested for germination inducing activity (GIA). The GIA for the powder varied with plant part and crop cultivar. Irrespective of cultivar GIA was highest for roots (31.9-49.9%) and lowest for bolls (16.59-26.52%). Among cultivars Hamid showed the highest overall GIA (48.9% germination) while Barac (c) 67 showed the lowest (16.5% germination). GIA declined with plant age. Further, GIA of Hamid was superior to that of Barakat and Barac (c) 67. GIA of cotton cv Hamid root powder increased with powder amount, reached a maximum (67.5% germination) and subsequently declined. GIA of cotton cv Hamid root exudates increased with volume and time, reached a peak (38.45% germination) at 15µL 30 DAS and subsequently declined. GIA of roots exudates of cotton cv Hamid collected in situ from potted plants, were tended to increase by plants density. Cotton shoots and roots powder and roots exudates effectively induced germination of Striga seeds.
Conclusion: The present study result cotton cv. Hamid shoots and roots powder and roots exudates the most effective to induced germination of Striga seeds