International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
Not a member yet
5728 research outputs found
Sort by
Integrated Weed Management for Enhanced Growth and Yield Performance of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
No full textSoybean (Glycine max L.) is a vital oilseed and pulse crop, but its productivity is severely constrained by weed competition, causing yield losses of up to 30–80%. To address this, a field experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 at the Agronomy Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland, on acidic sandy loam soils under rainfed conditions. The study followed a randomized block design with eight treatments to evaluate the effect of integrated weed management (IWM) on soybean growth and yield. Treatments included pre- and post-emergence herbicides (Pendimethalin, Imazethapyr, Sulfentrazone) either alone or combined with intercultivation (IC) or hand weeding, along with unweeded control. Results indicated significant differences among treatments. IC at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS (T7) recorded the maximum plant height (60.90 cm), number of branches (5.20), and dry matter accumulation (2.36 g plant⁻¹). The same treatment also produced the highest grain yield (2064.67 kg ha⁻¹), stover yield (2458.79 kg ha⁻¹), and biological yield (4523.46 kg ha⁻¹). Herbicide + intercultivation treatments such as Imazethapyr fb IC (T4) and Pendimethalin fb IC (T2) also performed well, whereas the unweeded control consistently recorded the lowest growth and yield, with ~52% reduction in grain yield compared to T7. The findings suggest that integrated weed management, particularly the combination of intercultivation and hand weeding, ensures season-long weed control, enhances crop growth, and maximizes soybean productivity in acidic rainfed soils of Northeast India
Response of Integrated Nutrient Management on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil of Rice in Inceptisols of Prayagraj, India
No full textThe experiment for the two consecutive years, beginning from kharif season pooled data of two years 2023 and 2024 at Research Farm, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh. The maximum temperature of the location reaches up to 460C - 480C and minimum temperature is 40C - 5 0C. The relative humidity ranged between 20 to 94 percent. The average rainfall in this area is around 1100 mm annually. The experiment was laid down in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with sixteen treatments of rice which replicated thrice. The INM treatments in the rice were included T1:(Control), T2:RDF @ 100%, T3:RDF @ 100%+ @ 50% Zn SA, T4:RDF @ 100%+ @ 100% Zn SA, T5:RDF @ 50% + @ 0.5 % Zn foliar application, T6:RDF @ 100 %+ @ 0.5 % Zn foliar application, T7:RDF @100% + @ FYM 100%, T8: RDF @ 50% +@ 50% FYM + @ 50%Zn SA, T9: RDF @ 100% + @ 100% FYM + @ 100% Zn SA, T10: RDF @ 50% + @ 50% FYM + @ 0.5% Zn foliar application, T11: RDF@100 % +@100 % FYM + @ 0.5% Zn foliar application, T12: RDF @100% +@100% Vermicompost, T13: RDF @50% + @50% Vermicompost + @ 50% Zn SA, T14: RDF @100% + @100% Vermicompost + @ 100% Zn SA, T15: RDF @ 50%+ @50% Vermicompost + @ 0.5% Zn foliar application and T16: RDF @100% + @100% Vermicompost + @ 0.5% Zn foliar application. ZnSO4 soil application @ 25 kg ha-1 as basal dose, foliar application of 0.5 % Zn solution at different days after transplanting. The treatment plot size is 2x2m. The soil sample was analyzed for bulk density, particle density, %pore space, water holding capacity (%), pH, EC, %Organic carbon, Available N,P, K and Zinc. The results revealed that the application of T14: RDF @100% + @100% Vermicompost + @ 100% Zn SA non-significantly minimum bulk density (1.078 and 1.097), pH (6.82 and 6.81) and EC (0.214 and 0.216 dS m-1) after harvest of rice at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth in pooled data of two years 2023 and 2024 and significantly maximum particle density (2.64 and 2.66), %pore space (49.51 and 49.50), water holding capacity (52.22 and 52.00%), %Organic carbon (0.552 and 0.548) after harvest of rice at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth in pooled data of two years 2023 and 2024. It was observed that the treatment comprising of T14: RDF @100% + @100% Vermicompost + @ 100% Zn SA registered higher values of available nitrogen (250.173 and 232.852 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (35.397 and 30.114 kg ha-1), available potassium (220.790 and 215.877) and Zinc (0.582 and 0.572 mg kg-1) after harvest of rice at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth in pooled data of two year 2023 and 2024
State of Knowledge Regarding the Recent Outbreak of Coconut Root Disease (Wilt)
No full textThe Integrated Disease Management (IDM) approach consolidates these various strategies into a unified framework aimed at reducing disease burden while enhancing crop productivity. IDM promotes minimal reliance on chemical inputs and favours the adoption of biostimulants, neem-based formulations, and microbial inoculants. The paper aims to explore the Recent outbreak of coconut root (wilt) disease in Tamil Nadu. Serological detection methods for phytoplasma detection were initiated in 1980’s involving the production of polyclonal, monoclonal antibodies, followed by antisera and utilising them for ELISA and immunofluorescent assay. Plant diseases with yellowing, little leaf, white leaf, witches broom, stunting symptoms erroneously misidentified as viral menace were later classified as Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) based on their morphology and ultrastructural similarity. A multiplex qPCR assay was developed for the detection of phytoplasma in sesame and Rubus sp. Hence, it would serve as a myriad, speed, simplicity and reproducibility. Thus, the new era of CRWD management is marked by eco-friendly innovation, biological synergy, and sustainable agricultural practices. Looking ahead, advanced tools such as RNA-based biopesticides and CRISPR-mediated genome editing offer promising avenues for long-term disease resistance
Impact of Nano Urea on Quality, Plant and Soil Nutrients Status of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum Br.) under Precision Nitrogen Management
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 2022 and 2023 at the Pearl Millet Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India, to assess the influence of nano urea on the quality parameters, nutrient uptake, and soil nutrient status of pearl millet under precision nitrogen management. The study was arranged in a randomized block design consisting of ten treatment combinations with three replications, and the experiment was carried out on medium black calcareous soil. The findings revealed that the treatment receiving 40 kg as basal, 40 kg N through urea at 25–30 DAS, and 2 foliar sprays of nano urea (0.4%) when the LCC value was ≤ 4 resulted in the highest nitrogen and phosphorus contents in grain (1.650% and 0.342%) and fodder (0.730% and 0.178%), respectively. This treatment also showed superior nutrient uptake, with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake by grain and fodder recorded at 77.36% and 63.28%, 16.07% and 15.47%, and 25.87% and 67.83%, respectively. Furthermore, it maintained higher available nitrogen in the soil after harvest (299.34 kg/ha) compared to other treatments
Dry Matter Allocation and Yield Response of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) to Fertilization with Moringa oleifera and Tithonia diversifolia Leaf Extracts
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of various fertilizers—Moringa leaf extract, Tithonia leaf extract, a mixture of both (Mix), and a standard inorganic NPK+Urea fertilizer—on carrot (Daucus carota) growth, root development, and overall yield. Initial growth parameters, including leaf area index, plant height, and leaf count, showed no significant differences among treatments. However, significant variations emerged in biomass accumulation and root morphology as the carrots matured.
The study established a significant effect of fertilizer type on several key metrics. Fresh shoot weight was significantly higher with the Moringa treatment (0.430 g) compared to the Mix (0.290 g) and NPK+Urea (0.390 g) treatments. In contrast, fresh root weight was highest with NPK+Urea (2.39 g), followed by Moringa (2.08 g), Tithonia (1.88 g), and the Mix (1.66 g). In terms of root dry weight, Moringa (0.0539 g) significantly outperformed the Mix (0.0422 g) and Tithonia (0.0426 g). Both Moringa and Tithonia also significantly increased leaf dry weight compared to the Mix and NPK+Urea treatments.
For root morphology, root length was greatest with NPK+Urea (16.8 cm) and Moringa (16.7 cm), both outperforming the Mix and Tithonia treatments. Similarly, root diameter was highest with NPK+Urea (36.3 mm), followed by Moringa (34.3 mm). Total yield was significantly affected, with NPK+Urea leading (8.08 t/ha), while Moringa (6.39 t/ha) and Tithonia (6.49 t/ha) demonstrated similar yields, proving to be strong organic alternatives to the Mix (5.42 t/ha).
In conclusion, although the inorganic NPK+Urea fertilizer resulted in the highest overall yield, the Moringa leaf extract demonstrated strong potential as a competitive organic alternative. It significantly enhanced fresh shoot weight and achieved root dry weight and root length comparable to the inorganic standard, highlighting its viability for sustainable carrot production systems
Effects of Foliar Application of Brassinolide and Humic Acid on Protein and Nutrient Uptake of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
No full textThe field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2022-2023 at the Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab. To study the effect of brassinolide and humic acid on growth and yield of black gram. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) having three replication and eight treatments by using MASH-114 variety. The treatments were: T0-Control T1-(100% RDF), T2-RDF + Humic acid 20kg ha-1 (Soil applied), T3-RDF + Humic acid 0.1% (Foliar applied), T4-RDF + Brassinolide 0.25ppm (Soil applied), T5-RDF + Brassinolide 0.1ppm (Foliar applied), T6-RDF + Humic acid 20kg ha-1 + Brassinolide 0.25ppm (Soil applied), T7-RDF + Humic acid 0.1%+ Brassinolide 0.1ppm (Foliar applied) were used for this study. According to the findings of a field investigation the protein and nutrient uptake black gram were considerably impact due to application of humic acid and brassinolide. The application of humic acid considerably enhanced the content and uptake of NPK as compared to the other treatments. Available NPK, uptake of NPK, content of NPK in plant after harvest of crop were increased significantly due to Humic acid 20kg ha-1 +Brassinolide 0.25ppm Soil applied along with RDF and foliar application of Humic acid 0.1% + Brassinolide 0.1ppm respectively along with RDF in black gram. Humic acid and brassinolide significantly improved NPK content, uptake, and overall performance of black gram, with combined soil and foliar applications being most effective. Future studies should optimize doses, test across locations, and assess long-term soil and crop benefits to enhance nutrient efficiency and sustainable pulse production
Effect of Boron and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna ungiculata L.) in Gwalior Region of Madhya Pradesh, India
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2024 at Crop Research Centre-1 (CRC-1) of ITM University Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, to evaluate the effect of boron and zinc on Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in Gwalior region of Madhya Pradesh. Ten treatments, viz., T1-Control, T2-5 kg ZnSO4 as Basal application (BA), T3-5 kg ZnSO4 +0.5% ZnSO4 as Foliar spray (FS) at 25 DAS, T4-5kg ZnSO4 +0.5% ZnSO4 +0.2% Solubor as (FS) at 45 DAS, T5-7.5kg ZnSO4 as (BA), T6-7.5kg ZnSO4 +0.5% ZnSO4 as (FS) at 25 DAS, T7-7.5kg ZnSO4 +0.5% ZnSO4 +0.2% Solubor as (FS) at 45 DAS, T8-10 kg ZnSO4 as (BA), T9-10 kg ZnSO4 +0.5% ZnSO4 as (FS) at 25 DAS, T10-10kg ZnSO4 +0.5% ZnSO4 +0.2% Solubor as (FS) at 45 DAS were tested in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The growth, yield attributes and yield of cowpea were significantly influenced by the different treatments. Resulted that growth parameters (viz., plant height (cm), number of branches per plant-1, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation (g m-2 area), yield attributes (viz., no. of pods plant-1, pod length, no. of seeds pod-1), yield (viz., seed (1390 kg ha-1), biological (3475 kg ha-1), harvest index (40.0%) increased through the basal application of 10 kg ZnSO4 and foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% at 25 DAS + Solubor @ 0.2% at 45 DAS (T10) while, the lowest was found in control (T1)
Morphological Variation, Ecological Adaptation, and Folk Classification of Ethiopian Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Landraces: A Comparative Analysis of Statistical Clustering and Traditional Taxonomy
No full textSorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a cornerstone of food security in Ethiopia, exhibits remarkable morphological diversity shaped by agroecological factors and traditional farming practices. This study investigates how altitude and environmental conditions influence morphological traits in Ethiopian sorghum landraces and evaluates the alignment between farmers’ folk classifications and statistical clustering methods. Using datasets from Abdi et al. (2002) and Teshome et al. (1997), we analyzed 14 qualitative traits—including panicle compactness, stalk juiciness, and grain color—across altitude gradients (1,500–2,000 m.a.s.l.) in North Shewa and South Welo. Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) and hierarchical clustering were employed to derive statistical groupings, which were compared with traditional folk taxonomy. Results revealed altitude-driven trait adaptation: high-altitude landraces (>1,800 m.a.s.l.) predominantly exhibited compact panicles (33%) and non-juicy stalks (100%), likely mitigating frost risk, while lowland variants (<1,500 m.a.s.l.) displayed looser panicles (25%) and juicier stalks (54%) for drought resilience. Shannon diversity indices highlighted significant trait variation (mean H’ = 0.77), with peduncle shape being most diverse (H’ = 0.98). Statistical clusters aligned with farmers’ classifications in 72% of cases, particularly for races like Durra (compact panicles) and Caudatum (semi-compact panicles). Discrepancies arose in intermediate traits, underscoring the complementary roles of quantitative and traditional systems. This study pioneers an integrated classification framework merging statistical clusters (e.g., altitude-specific Durra) with folk taxonomy (e.g., drought-tolerant “Wegere”), offering actionable insights for conservation and breeding. Recommendations include prioritizing in-situ preservation of high-diversity ecotypes and participatory breeding programs leveraging farmers’ knowledge. By bridging quantitative analysis with indigenous wisdom, this work advances strategies to enhance sorghum resilience and sustain Ethiopia’s agro-biodiversity amidst climatic challenges
Selection of Indigenous Rhizobia Associated to Peanut Crop and Their Agronomic Performance Evaluation in Northen Côte d’Ivoire
No full textMicrobial bioinoculation in plants is considered essential, as it helps reduce pollution levels and enhances crop productivity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculation with selected rhizobia on the agronomic parameters of peanut plants. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) root nodules, harvested in situ, were surface disinfected and crushed in petri dishes. Isolations were carried out from nodular crushed and the characteristic rhizobia colonies were purified. After a nodulation test of the purified isolates, the nodulating strains were subjected to an efficiency test. The first five strains showing the most satisfactory results on growth parameters were selected for the actual inoculation test. The growth, nodulation and mycorrhization parameters, as well as the number and weight of plant pods, were determined, after 3 months of crop. Results show a significant improvement in most of the parameters studied. Indeed, plant height was significantly improved from 38.33±2.86 (control) to 49.73±10.90 cm by inoculum R1 and from 38.33±2.86 to 59.22±9.87 cm by inoculum R2 (p = 0.05). These same inocula also significantly improved shoot dry weight with values ranging respectively from 4.43±0.86 (control) to 5.41±0.87 g (R1) and from 4.43±0.86 to 6.07±1.38 g (R2). Except for the mixed inoculum, all treatments applied significantly improved the nodules number. The values varied from 72.33±7.47 to 109.89±15.86 ; 109.33±21.18 ; 110.00±18.49 ; 105.67±16.9 and 113.11±20.63 nodules respectively for inocula R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 (p = 0.05). Pods weight was significantly improved from 2.15±0.73 to 4.00±1.01 ; 4.02±0.97 and 3.80±0.96 g respectively by the inocula R3, R1, R2 (p = 0.05). The best results were obtained with inocula R1 and R2. These results confirm once again the stimulatory effect of rhizobia on the agronomic parameters of peanut. These inocula can be used as a biofertilizer to improve peanut crop yield
Genetic Variability and Genetic Advance Studies for Bulb Yield and Its Components of Different Mutant Lines of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
No full textThis study aims to study aims to evaluate the genetic variability and genetic advance for bulb yield and components of different mutant lines of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Chhattisgarh plains. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block design with three replications 21 mutant lines viz., IG C-1, IG C-2, IG C-3, local check, IG M-2021-1, IG M-2021-2, IG M-2021-3, IG M-2021-4, IG M-2021-5, IG M-2021-6, IG M-2021-7, IG M-2021-8, IG M-2021-9, IG M-2021-10, IG M-2021-11, IG M-2021-12, IG M-2021-13, IG M-2021-14, IG M-2021-15, IG M-2021-16, IG M-2021-17. Data were analyzed to work out performance of mutant lines, to assess genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance. The character taken under study include plant height (cm), number of leaves, collar height (cm), collar thickness (cm), fourth leaf length (cm), fourth leaf width (cm), polar diameter (cm), equatorial diameter (cm), neck thickness (cm), number of cloves, average weight of bulb (g), TSS, days to maturity, weight of ten outer cloves (g), marketable yield (t ha-1), total yield (t ha-1). Estimates of genetic parameters for various character under study revealed that high genotypic co-efficient of variation was found in general compared to phenotypic co-efficient of variation. Heritability estimates under present investigation ranged from moderate to high. High heritability estimates recorded for collar height, weight of outer ten cloves, marketable yield, total yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for collar height, marketable yield and bulb yield