International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Effect of Different Bio-fertilizers and Farm Yard Manure on Flowering Attributes of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) cv. Kenya
No full textThe present investigation was carried out at Centre of Agricultural Education Research Farm, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh to study the comparative effect of different bio-fertilizers and farm yard manure on the flowering attributes of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) cv. Kenya. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications and twelve treatments. Comparative performance was studied for eight quantitative traits viz. days taken to flower bud appearance, flower bud diameter (mm), days taken to flower anthesis, average weight of fresh flower per plant (g), flower diameter (cm), number of flowers per plant, flowering duration (days), days taken to colour break. In the present investigation the influence of FYM and three biofertilizers viz. Azotobacter chroococcum, Potassium Mobilizing Biofertilizer (K.M.B) and Phosphate Solubilizing Biofertilizer (P.S.B) and their combination on the field of dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) cv. Kenya. Among the treatments, T11 (FYM @ 1.5 kg/block + Azotobacter chroococcum @ 2.8 mL/block + K.M.B @ 1.8 mL/block + (P.S.B) @ 3.6 mL/block) recorded a significant effect on the flowering attributes, followed by T12 (FYM @ 1 kg/block + Azotobacter chroococcum @ 2.8 mL/block + K.M.B @ 1.8 mL/block + P.S.B @ 3.6 mL/block)
Genetic Analysis of Hulless Barley Genotypes for Various Quantitative Traits
No full textThe subject of the present study was to assess hulless barley genotypes for various quantitative traits evaluated under timely sown irrigated conditions. The experimental material included thirty six genotypes, planted in lattice design with two replications during 2024-25 at Barley Experimental Area of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana). The results revealed high estimates of GCV and PCV for number of grains per spike while, grain yield per plot, number of effective tillers per meter row, spike length and peduncle length exhibited moderate estimates of GCV and PCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of grains per spike, number of effective tillers per meter row, grain yield per plot and spike length. Correlation among traits indicated significant positive association of grain yield per plot with number of effective tillers per meter row, number of grains per spike, biological yield per plot and harvest index, exhibiting the significance of these traits for deciding the selection criterion for yield enhancement in hulless barley. Path coefficient analysis exhibited highest positive direct effect of harvest index on grain yield, followed by biological yield per plot. PCA identified four components with eigen value more than one that explained about 80.02 % of the total variation. PC 1 elucidated 31.29 % of the total variance and showed strong correlation with days to heading and maturity, number of grains per spike, harvest index and grain yield per plot.Cluster analysis based on 11 quantitative traits categorized the genotypes into six distinct clusters of which cluster IV contained high yielding genotypesi.e. RD 3121, DWRB 2427, DWRB 2428, DWRB 2436, PL 976 and DWRB 2442. The genotypes of this group could be utilized as promising breeding material intended to develop new hulless barley varieties
Effect of FYM, Zn and Fe on Growth, Yield Attribute, Yield and Quality of Kharif Pearl Millet
No full textA field experiment on a pearl millet–chickpea cropping sequence was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat, on loamy sand (“Goradu”) soil. The study evaluated two FYM levels (0 and 10 t/ha), three zinc levels (0, 12.5 and 25 kg Zn/ha), and three iron levels (0, 25 and 50 kg Fe/ha) in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were applied to pearl millet, and residual effects were studied on chickpea. Application of FYM (10 t/ha), ZnSO4 (25 kg/ha), and FeSO4 (50 kg/ha) with 100% RDF significantly increased pearl millet plant height, effective tillers, and yields, with grain yields of 3949, 3839 and 3819 kg/ha in 2023; 3980, 3880 and 3871 kg/ha in 2024 and pooled: 3965, 3859 and 3845 kg/ha.
The aim of this study is to find out how the FYM, Zn and Fe affect growth, yield attributes, yield and quality of kharif pearl millet
In vitro Effect of Physicochemical Properties on the Growth of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Causing Collar Rot in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
No full textCollar rot of chickpea caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is an emerging threat to chickpea production particularly under stress conditions such as high temperature and low soil moisture. This study showed response of culture media, different temperatures and pH levels on the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.causing collar rot in chickpea. The fungus was isolated from different locations of Satna, M.P. and was purified for further studies through tip and single sclerotium. Pure culture was with white cottony mycelium and brown macrosclerotia. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was found best medium for culturing the fungus in laboratory. Optimum mycelial growth was achieved at temperature 30°C and pH 5.0-7.0 in laboratory conditions. The results showed that the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. causing collar rot disease in chickpea favours thermophilic conditions in slightly acidic to neutral pH
Impact of Various Farming Practices on Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties in Inceptisol
No full textA field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Pune, during May 2024 to November 2024 on soybean crop with a view to study the soil physico-chemical and biological properties of soil as influenced by different farming practices in Inceptisol. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design comprising four replications with five treatments viz.,1. Conventional farming practice, 2. Standard package of practices, 3. Organic farming practice, 4. Zero budget natural farming practice and 5. Climate resilient farming.Chemical characteristics of the soil, such as pH, EC and calcium carbonate, were unaffected. The soil\u27s available macro and micronutrient content increased as a result of various farming practices. The climate resilient farming practice was shown to have significantly higher levels of available nitrogen (181.40 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (26.31 kg ha-1), available potassium (474.00 kg ha-1), and available sulfur (17.92 mg kg-1). In terms of the microbial population, enzymatic activity and available micronutrients, organic farming practice was determined to be beneficial. The availability of micronutrients, including iron (6.47 mg kg-1), manganese (3.37 mg kg-1), zinc (2.92 mg kg-1) and copper (3.61 mg kg-1), was greatly impacted by the organic farming method. The addition of organic matter to the soil has improved soil biological health and nutrient cycling, as showed by the significant increases in microbial populations (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, Rhizobium, PSB, KMB) and enzymatic activities (alkaline and acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase, urease) after harvest of soybean
Influence of Foliar Application of Aqueous Garlic Extract on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Four Varieties of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
No full textBotanical extracts have recently gained attention as bio-stimulants in vegetable production. This study examines the influence of aqueous garlic bulb extract (AGE) on the growth, nutritional composition, and antioxidant enzyme activity of four tomato varieties grown in a screen house. The experiment followed a 3 x 4 × 4 factorial layouts in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The treatment includes four tomato varieties (Premium, Royal Bold, Sayo and Akungba Local) and four different frequencies of AGE foliar spray: 0 (Control), F1 (once), F2 (twice), and F3 (three times), applied at transplanting, flowering, and fruiting stages. Data were collected on plant height, leaf area, stem girth, number of branches, green leaves at transplanting, 50% flowering and maturity, plant biomass, fruit weight, and total number of fruits per plant. The treatments positively (p < 0.05) influenced some growth parameters of AGE-treated tomato plants, such as plant height, leaf area, number of branches, and senescence leaves at 50% flowering and fruiting stages. A positive effect of AGE applied twice (F2) was observed, particularly in the Premium variety, which consistently showed greater height, increased leaf area, and more senescence leaves. Additionally, thrice foliar application (F3) across all varieties led to enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD) and chlorophyll content at the fruit-setting stage. These findings suggests that AGE can serve as an effective bio-stimulant to improve tomato growth under screen house conditions
Impact of Different Sources of Boron on Yield and Quality of Tomato cv. Anand Roma
No full textIn India, tomato occupies a prominent position among vegetable crops due to its wide adaptability, high yield potential, and economic returns. Among essential micronutrients, boron plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development. In Indian soils, boron deficiency has been observed to range from 2.9% to 60.0%. The study aims to investigate the impact of different sources of boron on the yield and quality of the tomato cv. Anand Roma. A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif–Rabi seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at Horticulture Research Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. The data recorded from the various observations were tabulated and then subjected to statistical analysis by using the method of analysis of variance (ANOVA). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications and comprised nine treatments: T₁ – absolute control, T₂ – foliar spray of borax @ 0.2%, T₃ – foliar spray of boric acid @ 0.2%, T₄ – foliar spray of nano boron @ 100 ppm, T₅ – foliar spray of nano boron @ 200 ppm, T₆ – foliar spray of nano boron @ 300 ppm, T₇ – foliar spray of nano boron @ 400 ppm, T₈ – soil application of 1 kg boron through borax, and T₉ – soil application of 1 kg boron through boric acid. Foliar sprays were carried out at 40, 55, and 70 days after transplanting. The highest fruit equatorial diameter (4.83 cm), polar diameter (7.71 cm), fruit volume (86.61 cc), number of fruits per plant (33.76), fruit weight (85.14 g), and maximum yield per ha (432.21 q) was obtained with treatment T4 (foliar application of nano boron @ 100 ppm) while, the highest TSS (5.56 0Brix), lycopene (20.58 mg/100g), maximum total sugar content in fruit (0.86 %) and minimum titrable acidity content in fruit (0.42 %) was found in treatment T5 (Foliar spray of nano boron @ 200 ppm). From the present investigation, it can be concluded that among different sources of boron, foliar spray of nano boron @ 100 ppm or borax @ 0.2 % at 40, 55 and 70 DATP observed maximum yield parameters and yield, while better quality parameters were found with foliar spray of nano boron @ 200 ppm at 40, 55 and 70 DATP
Phosphorus Dynamics in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems: Processes, Challenges and Management Perspectives
No full textPhosphorus (P) is a fundamental macronutrient that regulates primary productivity, biodiversity and ecosystem sustainability. Unlike nitrogen and carbon, phosphorus has no significant gaseous phase and its cycling is therefore primarily controlled by geochemical and biological processes within the lithosphere, pedosphere and hydrosphere. In terrestrial ecosystems, P dynamics are strongly influenced by soil mineralogy, sorption–desorption reactions, organic matter decomposition, microbial transformations and land-use practices. High soil fixation limits its bioavailability, while agricultural intensification has created nutrient imbalances and low phosphorus use efficiency. Conversely, in aquatic ecosystems, phosphorus governs trophic status and is a central driver of eutrophication. Inputs from agricultural runoff, wastewater and atmospheric deposition, combined with internal loading from sediments, enhance dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) availability, often leading to algal blooms and hypoxia.
Despite its importance, phosphorus management poses significant challenges. Global phosphate rock reserves are finite and unevenly distributed, raising concerns over long-term food security. Furthermore, anthropogenic activities have accelerated P fluxes beyond natural thresholds, contributing to water quality deterioration and ecosystem degradation. Balancing agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability requires innovative management approaches. Emerging strategies include precision fertilization to match crop demand, use of P-efficient crop genotypes, microbial inoculants that mobilize insoluble P and recovery of phosphorus from wastes such as manure, sewage sludge and food residues.
Understanding phosphorus dynamics across terrestrial and aquatic systems is therefore essential for developing integrated nutrient management frameworks. By linking biogeochemical processes with socio-ecological challenges, sustainable phosphorus management can reduce environmental risks, enhance resource-use efficiency and secure future food production. This review article will explore the fundamental processes regulating phosphorus cycling, highlight key challenges in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and discuss potential management perspectives that integrate ecological and agricultural sustainability
Effect of Nano Urea on Yield Attributes Characteristics in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted at the Students Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during the two consecutive kharif seasons of 2023 and 2024 to evaluate. The experiment was laid-out in a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications and 9 treatments. i.e. T1: 125% RDN through Urea (50% as basal + 25% at active tillering stage and panicle initiation), T2: T1+ Two spray of Nano Urea at active tillering stage and panicle initiation, T3: 100% RDN through Urea in three splits (50% as basal + 25% at active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage), T4: T3 + Two spray of nano urea at active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage (@ 4 ml/ litre of water, T5: 75% RDN through urea (50% as basal + 25% active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage), T6: T5 + Two spray on nano urea at active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage, T7: 50% RDN through urea (50% basal + 25% at active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage), T8: T7+ Two spray of nano urea at active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage, T9: Control. Rice variety Sarju-52 was sown. Recorded yield attributes and yield parameters showed that maximum number of panicles (m-2), total number of tillers (m-2), length of panicle (cm), number of productive tillers (m-2), test weight (1000 grains) (g.), total number of grains panicles-1, number of filled grains panicles-1, grain yield (q ha-1), straw yield (q ha-1), biological yield (q ha-1), harvest index (%) were achieved under treatment T2: T1+ Two spray of nano urea at active tillering stage and panicle initiation
Assessment of Soil Suitability for Horticultural Crops in the Bada Micro Watershed (4D4F2j05) of Haveri District, Karnataka, India
No full textThe present study was undertaken to assess the land suitability of forest, barren land, agricultural and horticultural land use systems within the Bada micro watershed of Haveri district, which lies in the Northern Transition Zone (Zone 8) of Karnataka. Utilizing a base map (1:7,920) in conjunction with satellite imagery total of eight profiles, two from each land use system were identified and excavated. The morphological attributes of soil profiles were recorded and horizon wise soil samples were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties by employing standard procedures. Subsequently, the potential of these land use systems for the cultivation of key horticulture crops, namely chilli, tomato, coconut, mango, sapota and guava were assessed by using the limitation method by considering oxygen availability to roots, nutrient availability, rooting conditions, soil toxicity and erosion as primary criteria. The crop suitability maps were generated by utilizing ArcGIS software. The results indicated that across the forest, agriculture and horticulture land use systems suitability for crops were classified from moderately suitable (S2) to marginally suitable (S3). In the study area, 90.34%, 90.34%, 39.45%, 50.89%, 84.06% and 84.06% of the total area was classified as moderately suitable (S2) for the cultivation of chilli, tomato, coconut, mango, sapota and guava, respectively. Conversely, 1.36%, 1.36%, 52.25%, 39.45%, 6.28% and 6.28% of the study area identified as marginally suitable (S3) for these crops, respectively. Whereas, the barren land use (1.36% of total geographical area) was classified as not suitable (N) for mango, sapota and guava cultivation due to pronounced physical limitations that affecting the rooting of crops. Conversely, the barren land exhibits marginal suitability (S3) for the production of chilli, tomato and coconut. These outcomes provides an essential baseline information for identifying specific soil constraints and support the formulation of sustainable crop production strategies within the study region