International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
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Effect of Combined Micronutrients on Growth Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) var. Pusa Gaurav
No full textAn investigation was undertaken to study the influence of combined micronutrients on the growth, yield, and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Pusa Gaurav during the Rabi season of 2024–2025 at the Horticulture Research Farm, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Allied Industries, Rama University, Kanpur (U.P.). The results indicated that the treatment T₁: FeSO₄ 50 ppm + Boric Acid 100 ppm recorded the earliest 50% flowering (26.22 days), maximum plant height (51.68 cm, 82.90 cm, and 120.59 cm at successive growth stages), and the highest number of branches per plant (3.74, 8.07, and 14.99). It also recorded the maximum number of flowers per cluster (6.70), clusters per plant (6.13), minimum days to first fruit set (50.93), and earliest fruit picking (57.17 days). Furthermore, this treatment showed the highest number of fruits per cluster (6.17), fruits per plant (37.84), average fruit weight (71.14 g), fruit length (5.29 cm), fruit width (6.33 cm), fruit yield per plant (2.692 kg), fruit yield per plot (32.302 kg), and fruit yield per hectare (996.980 q ha⁻¹). Regarding quality parameters, it recorded the highest total soluble solids (TSS) (5.163 °Brix) and ascorbic acid content (16.427 mg/100 g). Among all the treatments, T₁ also resulted in the highest net return and benefit-cost (B:C) ratio, outperforming the control treatment
Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients and NPK on Available Soil Nutrients in Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata L.)
No full textFoliar application of micronutrients is more beneficial than soil application. Since application rates are lesser as compared to soil application, the same quantity of nutrient application could be supplied easily and crop reacts to nutrient application immediately. One of the limiting factors for low yield is to be imbalance and indiscriminate use of fertilizers and emergence of micronutrients deficiencies. The present study aimed to determine the effect of macro and micro nutrients on available soil nutrients in Rice bean (Vigna umbellata L.). An experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Kalaburagi, during Kharif 2023. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eleven treatments and replicated thrice. The soil parameters such as pH, Electric Conductivity, Organic carbon content, Free calcium carbonate (%), Available Nitrogen, Available Phosphorus, Available Potassium, Available soil sulphur, Exchangeable Calcium and Magnesium were measured by Using standard protocol of APHA (1995). The experimental results revealed that 100% RDF as basal dose + 0.5 % Zinc sulphate (21%) + 0.5 % Ferrous sulphate (20.1%) foliar application at 25 and 50 DAS recorded significantly higher available soil nitrogen (234 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (32.06 kg ha-1), available potassium (344.71 kg ha-1) and available sulphur (22.65 kg ha-1) in rice bean crop. Further, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium is non significantly with foliar spray of 100% RDF + 0.5 % Zinc sulphate (21%)+ 0.5 % Ferrous sulphate (20.1%)) foliar application however which was on par with the treatments foliar spray 75% RDF + 0.5 % Zinc sulphate (21%)+ 0.5 % Ferrous sulphate (20.1%)) the treatment with foliar spray of 100% RDF + 0.5 % Zinc sulphate (21%)+ 0.5 % FeSO4. In contrast, lower values for available soil nutrients were recorded in the absolute control treatment. Application of 100% RDF and foliar spray of 0.5 % Zinc sulphate (21%) and Ferrous sulphate (20.1%) at 25 and 50 DAS was found to be at par with 75% RDF along with foliar spray of 0.5 % Zinc sulphate (21%) and Ferrous sulphate (20.1%) at 25 and 50 DAS in terms of available macro and micronutrients in soil after harvest of rice bean crop. Hence, for effective crop management to rice bean crop, application of 75% RDF and foliar spray of 0.5 % Zinc sulphate (21%) and Ferrous sulphate (20.1%) at 25 and 50 DAS was recommended
Data-Driven Decisions in Agriculture: The Khamari App for Site-Specific Crop and Fertilizer Recommendation
No full textThe Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) has developed the ‘Khamari’ mobile application as an innovative tool to enhance agricultural productivity and optimize use of natural resources. This digital solution provides farmers with precise, location-specific recommendations to promote sustainable and efficient farming practices.
The Khamari app serves as a crop production advisory tool, aiming to increase productivity, profitability, and drive overall growth within the agricultural sector by equipping farmers and stakeholders with essential information directly at their fingertips. A unique feature of the Khamari app is its integration of geospatial technology, which enables users to access pertinent information while standing on their own land.
Through the Khamari app, farmers can make informed decisions on selecting a suitable crop, enhancing crop yields through balanced fertilizer use, maintaining soil health and environmental sustainability. By aligning with the Crop Zoning System of Bangladesh, the app supports local-level crop production planning and has demonstrated significant potential to increase food production and foster the adoption of precision agriculture nationwide.
Field trials on rice crops have demonstrated that the app\u27s recommendations lead to significant fertilizer savings and improved yields compared to traditional farming practices. For T. Aman rice trials in 34 locations in 2023, the app\u27s recommendations led to a 34% reduction in fertilizer costs and approximately 7% increase in yield, resulting in a minimum profit of 15,615 Taka per hectare. Boro rice trials in 60 locations during the 2023-24 season showed an 18% reduction in fertilizer costs and around a 6% increase in yield, offering farmers an additional 16,222 Taka per hectare. These findings highlight the substantial benefits of the \u27Khamari\u27 app in enabling smart, sustainable agricultural practices, positioning it as a valuable tool for both economic gains and long-term agricultural resilience
Improving Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Resilience to Heat and Waterlogging through Breeding and Grafting Approaches
No full textTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a globally important crop, suffers significant yield losses under hot and wet environmental conditions. High temperatures cause poor pollen viability, sunscald, flower drop, and reduced fruit set. Excess water leads to oxygen deficiency, root damage, and plant mortality. This review assesses Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Resilience to Heat and Waterlogging Through Breeding and Grafting Approaches. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects play a role in developing tolerance to these stresses. Hybrids such as BGH-0025 × BGH-0468 and Nagcarlang LA-2661 perform well under high temperatures, showing better fruit set and yield. In waterlogged conditions, grafting onto eggplant rootstocks like Arka Nilkanth and tomato lines L 150 and L 191 enhances survival, recovery and fruit production. Combining conventional breeding with grafting improves resilience in hot-wet climates. Emphasis on traits like fruit quality, stress tolerance and rootstock compatibility can lead to more sustainable tomato production. High-throughput phenotyping and molecular tools can further accelerate the development of climate-resilient cultivars. The study recommended accelerating the breeding process by leveraging advancements in technology, such as high-throughput phenotyping for identifying promising heat-tolerant tomato lines. Moreover, breeding can be implemented for better rootstock to boost grafting success and resilience in hot-wet conditions
Rapid Multiplication Techniques of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.): A Comprehensive Review
No full textAs global demand for high-quality spices continues to rise, black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) stands out for its culinary and medicinal importance. However, traditional propagation methods such as stem cuttings and seed sowing often suffers from slow growth, genetic variability, and disease susceptibility. To address these challenges, a range of rapid multiplication techniques (RMTs) has emerged, revolutionizing black pepper cultivation. Thus, this review helps to provide a comprehensive overview of key RMTs including serpentine layering, soil mound, bamboo and trench methods, raised bed propagation, and the use of low-cost mist chambers that have improved propagation efficiency, plant uniformity, and disease resistance to ensure enhanced production. Among these, serpentine layering and soil mound methods have shown high survival rates and shortened the juvenile phase, while bamboo and trench techniques offer cost-effective and scalable solutions. Additionally, the integration of biotechnological innovations such as micropropagation (tissue culture), genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9, speed breeding, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) has further advanced black pepper production. These approaches have not only increased multiplication rates but also facilitated the development of climate resilient, disease resistant cultivars. Despite these advantages, widespread adoption remains limited due to high setup costs and technical barriers. Therefore, future success depends on collaborative efforts between researchers, policymakers, and extension services to ensure equitable access and training. By combining traditional practices with scientific advancements, the black pepper industry can transition toward a more sustainable, high-yielding future
Optimising Seed Quality of Tomato with Naphthyl Acetic Acid (NAA) Foliar Spray and Training System
No full textThe present study was conducted in the Department of Seed Science and Technology at Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, during the summer of 2024. The research aimed to examine the effects of NAA as a foliar spray (at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm) and various training systems (two-stem, four-stem, and no training) on the seed quality attributes of indeterminate tomato cv. Solan Lalima. Foliar sprays were applied at 30 days after transplanting and at 50% flowering. Tomato fruits were harvested upon reaching red ripeness, and seeds were extracted through fermentation methods. Seed quality parameters were assessed under laboratory and observations were noted. The experimental results indicate that spraying tomato plants with 50ppm NAA along with retention of two-stem yielded seeds of superior quality viz., increased 1000-seed weight (3.52g), longer seedlings (18.70), greater seedling dry weight (21.10 mg), improved seed vigour indices (SVI-I:1655.60 & SVI-I-1867.50), accelerated germination (23.31), along with reduced EC values of seed leachates (4.36). Also, this treatment combination improved the germination of seeds by 22% and 23.5% both before and after accelerated ageing, Therefore, the implementation of a two-stem training strategy combined with NAA @50 ppm spray can be recommended for commercial tomato seed production programs
Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Solution for Enhanced Crop Yield and Soil Health in Modern Agriculture
No full textThe global demand for food production requires an enhancement in crop yield to meet the needs of the increasing population. However, soil degradation due to intensive agricultural practices, such as using pesticides and chemical fertilizers, poses a significant challenge to sustainable food production. Soil health and plant productivity are intricately linked to interactions among plants, soil, and microorganisms. Biofertilizers, containing living or dormant microorganisms, have emerged as a promising solution to enhance soil microbial status, stimulate natural soil microbiota, and improve nutrient accessibility and decomposition of organic matter. This review provide a comprehensive overview of the role of biofertilizers, including nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, potassium-solubilizing, sulphur-solubilizing, and zinc-solubilizing biofertilizers, in promoting plant growth, improving soil fertility, and increasing crop yield. The efficacy of biofertilizers in various crops, such as wheat, cotton, soybeans, and peas, is discussed, highlighting their potential to reduce the reliance on chemical fertilizers, mitigate soil degradation, and contribute to sustainable agricultural development. Moreover, a case study on the impact of Rhizobium inoculation on crop yield and soil fertility provides valuable insights into the practical application and benefits of biofertilizers in agricultural systems. In conclusion, using biofertilizers presents a promising avenue for enhancing food security, promoting sustainable farming practices, and fostering economic development while ensuring environmental sustainability
Dynamic Weed Control through Targeted Herbicide in Transplanted Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textWeed management remains a major challenge, especially under intensive cropping systems in rice cultivation. There is a need to adopt advanced weed control strategies that enable selective suppression of weed flora while minimizing crop injury. However, the indiscriminate and continuous use of single herbicide molecules has led to the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes, necessitating integrated and rotational approaches. The present field investigation was conducted during the Kharif season (June–November 2024) at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Uttar Pradesh, India, to evaluate the efficacy of various herbicide combinations on weed dynamics in transplanted black rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment consisted of seven treatments: T1 (100% RDF + Weedy Check), T2 (100% RDF + Butachlor @750 g a.i./ha + Triafamone @40 g a.i./ha), T3 (100% RDF + Butachlor @750 g a.i./ha + Bispyribac Sodium @150 g a.i./ha), T4 (100% RDF + Butachlor @1500 g a.i./ha), T5 (100% RDF + Triafamone @40 g a.i./ha), T6 (100% RDF + Bispyribac Sodium @300 g a.i./ha), and T7 (100% RDF + Hand Weeding). Results indicated that T7 (Hand Weeding) was the most effective in reducing total weed density and provided complete suppression of dominant weed species while cost intensive. Among the herbicide-based treatments, T3 showed superior performance, significantly reducing weed density and achieving the highest weed control efficiency due to its broad-spectrum activity. These findings suggest that the strategic use of herbicide combinations can effectively manage weed populations and prevent resistance buildup, thereby supporting sustainable black rice production in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Character Association and Path Analysis for Yield and Yield-contributing Traits in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
No full textLinseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), a self-pollinated annual crop with 2n = 30 chromosomes, is typically grown in the Rabi season and is mainly valued for its oil and flax fiber because of its economic importance. Yield is a complex trait governed by multiple genes, and its performance is significantly affected by environmental factors. Because of its complex polygenic nature, direct selection for yield may not always lead to significant genetic improvement unless the genetic basis of its component traits is considered. Understanding the relationship between yield and its contributing traits is crucial as it enhances selection efficiency by providing insights into these relationships. Path coefficient analysis is a method that breaks down the relationship between traits and yield into direct and indirect effects. While simple correlation shows how traits are related, path analysis explains how much each trait directly or indirectly affects yield. This analysis helps breeders identify the traits that most impact yield and guides them in selecting the best traits for breeding programs. The current study focused on examining the relationship between seed yield and its contributing traits in linseed. A total of 36 genotypes were assessed at the Oilseeds Research Station Latur, College of Agriculture, Latur, during the Rabi season of 2024-2025, utilizing a randomized block design with two replications. The trial was sown on November 23, 2024, with a spacing of 30 × 5 cm. The analysis revealed that traits such as 1000-seed weight, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, number of branches per plant, harvest index, and plant height exhibited highly significant and positive correlations with seed yield per plant. Furthermore, path coefficient analysis indicated that the number of capsules per plant had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield, followed by 1000-seed weight, harvest index, number of branches per plant, plant height, days to maturity, and oil content
Impact of Frontline Demonstrations on Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) in Kurukshetra District of Haryana State, India
No full textFLD is a unique approach to provide a direct interface between scientists and farmers resulting in bridging the yield gap that exists between a validated technology and existing farmer practices. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kurukshetra has conducted 40 front line demonstration on wheat Var. WH 1105 during two consecutive year from 2022-23 to 2023-24 under 16 ha area to demonstrate technological and extension yield gaps of improved technologies. Study revealed that improved cultivation practices comprised under FLDs viz., recommended variety, seed treatment with bio fertilizer, seed rate, timely sowing resulted in increase in yield in wheat crop over the check plots. The improved technologies gave higher yields and recorded a mean yield of 52.0 and 53.9 q/ha during the year 2022-23 and 2023-24, respectively which was 5.69 and 6.94 percent higher compared to prevailing farmers practice. The technology gap was 19.0 and 17.1 q/ha and extension gap was 2.80 and 3.50 q/ha during the year 2022-23 and 2023-24, respectively