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Evidence of operant renewal effect after extinction in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
No full textRisk of upper gastrointestinal bleed according to initial care contact for spinal pain: protocol for a matched retrospective cohort study
No full textBackground: Upper gastrointestinal bleeds (UGIBs) are serious adverse events potentially induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly used for spinal pain. Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is efficacious for spinal pain and associated with a lower likelihood of opioid prescription and related adverse events in these patients, yet its impact on NSAID-related adverse events and prescriptions remain unexplored. We hypothesize that among adults with a new episode of spinal pain, those receiving SMT will have a significantly lower risk of UGIB compared to matched controls evaluated in an outpatient setting, secondarily exploring non-aspirin NSAID prescription.
Methods: We will query a large US health records-based data resource (TriNetX, LLC) for adults (age ≥ 18 years) with a new episode of spinal pain from one to 15 years prior to the query date without prior UGIB or recent non-aspirin NSAID prescription. Cohorts will be divided into (1) chiropractor-administered SMT and (2) outpatient care without SMT (i.e., usual medical care); using propensity score matching to account for risk factors for UGIB. We will examine the risk ratio (RR; primary outcome) and risk difference of UGIBs in patients undergoing SMT compared to usual medical care over a one year follow-up window, and pursue a sensitivity analysis including unspecified GI bleeds, examine risk of NSAID prescription, and negative control outcomes
The Role of Maternal Absence in Human Development: A Philosophical Inquiry
No full textThis book delves into the philosophical exploration of maternal absence and its impact on human development. Written by Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, this work seeks to unravel the profound psychological, social, and moral consequences that emerge when the maternal figure is absent during crucial stages of an individual's growth. Drawing from interdisciplinary perspectives, the book examines the ways in which human identity, emotional resilience, and ethical principles evolve in response to the absence of a mother. Through a meticulous analysis of historical, sociocultural, and philosophical frameworks, the text offers a comprehensive discourse on the far-reaching implications of maternal absence. It is an essential read for scholars, psychologists, and philosophers seeking to understand how the absence of maternal influence shapes the fabric of human experience.
Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, in his exploration of maternal absence, investigates the long-term consequences of motherless upbringing on psychological, emotional, and moral development. Published in New York, USA, in 2023, this book seeks to highlight the complexities of human growth when nurturance from a maternal figure is lacking. The inquiry stems from a global concern regarding shifting family structures, societal transformations, and their effects on the human psyche.
Maternal absence is examined beyond its physical manifestation; it includes emotional detachment and neglect. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, provides a nuanced understanding of the constructs of identity formation, attachment theory, and ethical reasoning in a world where maternal roles are either diminished or replaced. The book defines key philosophical and psychological concepts integral to comprehending the broader consequences of such absence.
In an era where single-parent households are increasingly common, Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, investigates societal shifts that have contributed to motherless environments. Drawing on empirical studies and historical data, the book outlines how individuals adapt to maternal absence, what coping mechanisms emerge, and the broader impact on societal development.
At the core of this book is a philosophical and ethical examination of maternal absence. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, constructs a theoretical framework that juxtaposes classical philosophical theories with contemporary psychological findings, offering a unique lens through which maternal absence can be understood.
The book explores key indicators such as attachment styles, behavioral tendencies, emotional regulation, and cognitive development. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, highlights how these factors interplay to shape an individual’s worldview and ethical principles.
A structured analysis is provided on variables such as emotional security, resilience, moral reasoning, and interpersonal relationships, all of which are affected by maternal absence. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, explores how these variables operate in different social, economic, and cultural contexts.
Cultural expectations, economic conditions, and psychological resilience serve as the main determinants in how maternal absence influences human development. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, discusses how these elements interact and shape developmental outcomes.
Strategies for mitigating the effects of maternal absence are proposed, including educational interventions, therapeutic approaches, and community-based support systems. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, presents actionable insights that policymakers and mental health professionals can utilize to foster healthier developmental environments.
While some individuals thrive despite maternal absence, others struggle. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, identifies barriers to adaptation, such as economic constraints, societal biases, and lack of support systems, and contrasts these with factors that promote resilience and well-being.
In synthesizing the findings, Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA, emphasizes the profound philosophical and ethical implications of maternal absence. The book concludes by urging further discourse on the topic and the development of social structures that acknowledge and mitigate the challenges of growing up without maternal guidance
Love Connects Us with Consciousness
No full textThis project develops a philosophical and phenomenological account of love as a transformative structure of consciousness. Moving beyond romantic and psychological definitions, the work investigates how love intensifies attention, reveals unconscious fears, softens ego-boundaries, and integrates emotional intensity with reflective awareness. The study positions love not merely as a relational emotion but as a mode of self-recognition through which consciousness encounters its own depth. The paper contributes to interdisciplinary discussions in philosophy of mind, affect theory, existential thought, and relational psychology
Universal Consciousness Framework
No full textAbstract
This paper presents a unified framework connecting physics, biology, consciousness, free will, ethics, education, and society through a systemic perspective. Consciousness and free will are emergent properties of self-organizing systems that operate within natural laws and feedback mechanisms. Education, informed by these principles, strengthens individual agency, moral responsibility, and societal stability. Concrete examples are provided across multiple levels, demonstrating practical applications of the universal formula: system integrity, universal balance, feedback mechanisms, and interconnected nodes, including modern applications such as AI, climate systems, and social networks
Virtual reality for cognitive–motor interventions in Dyslexia: bridging perception, action, and reading
No full textTechnology-based interventions, particularly virtual reality (VR), have recently gained attention for their potential to promote cognitive and motor training through immersive, multisensory, and interactive environments that foster engagement and experience-dependent neuroplasticity. This project will consist of a narrative review aimed at critically mapping and synthesizing the scientific literature on the use of virtual reality in cognitive and motor interventions for individuals with dyslexia. The review will be conducted in accordance with the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) recommendations. The protocol will be registered in the Open Science Framework to ensure transparency and methodological rigor. Original studies published in English will be eligible, with no temporal restrictions. Searches will be carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using combinations of terms related to “dyslexia” and “virtual reality.” Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full texts, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. The review is expected to systematize current evidence, identify theoretical and methodological trends, highlight knowledge gaps, and contribute to a more integrated understanding of how virtual reality may support cognitive and motor development in dyslexia
Emotional Philosophy in the Age of Social Media
No full textIn a world where emotions are no longer private but publicly displayed, analyzed, and manipulated, how do we understand our emotional experiences?
This book explores the deep philosophical dimensions of emotions in an era where social media dictates how we express, perceive, and even feel emotions. It raises essential questions:
• Are our emotions still authentic, or are they curated for public consumption?
• How does the constant validation-seeking behavior shape our emotional well-being?
• What happens when emotions become digital commodities—liked, shared, and monetized?
Through philosophical discourse, psychological analysis, and social critique, this book seeks to decode the emotional landscape of the digital era, providing a framework to understand, navigate, and reclaim emotional authenticity in a hyperconnected world.
Emotions have always been a fundamental aspect of human existence. They guide our decisions, relationships, and self-perception. However, with the rise of social media, emotions are no longer personal; they have become:
• Publicly displayed for validation.
• Algorithmically manipulated for engagement.
• Politically and commercially exploited for influence.
This book delves into the philosophical implications of emotional digitalization, examining how technology reshapes our emotional landscape and what it means for human identity and relationships.
Traditionally, emotions were expressed in direct human interactions, influenced by cultural norms, personal experiences, and psychological factors. However, the digital revolution and social media platforms have changed how emotions:
• Are expressed (e.g., emojis, reactions, viral emotional content).
• Are perceived (e.g., engagement metrics dictating emotional worth).
• Are manipulated (e.g., AI-driven content feeding emotional responses).
This shift raises critical philosophical questions about the nature, authenticity, and ethical implications of digital emotions.
1. The Algorithmization of Emotions
• How social media algorithms prioritize and amplify certain emotions (anger, outrage, happiness) for engagement.
• The ethical dilemma of AI-driven emotional influence.
2. Emotional Authenticity vs. Digital Performance
• Are people still feeling emotions naturally, or are they performing emotions for online approval?
• The psychological consequences of emotional performativity on self-identity.
3. The Commodification of Emotions
• How emotions are monetized through influencer culture, content algorithms, and brand engagement.
• The philosophical implications of turning emotions into digital currency.
4. Digital Empathy and the Decline of Genuine Connection
• The paradox of increased connectivity but decreased emotional depth.
• How digital interactions shape our ability to feel and express empathy.
5. The Future of Emotional Intelligence in a Digital World
• How AI and machine learning are shaping emotional experiences.
• The future of human emotions in an era of virtual reality, deepfakes, and emotional AI.
This book introduces a new philosophical perspective on emotions in the digital age, offering:
1. The Emotional Digitalization Model – A framework explaining how emotions are shaped, altered, and monetized online.
2. The Concept of Digital Emotional Fatigue – Exploring how emotional overstimulation leads to desensitization.
3. The Theory of Performed Emotions – Investigating the difference between real emotions and social media-fueled emotional expressions.
4. The Ethics of Algorithmic Emotional Manipulation – Questioning the responsibility of tech companies in shaping global emotional responses.
5. A New Approach to Digital Emotional Resilience – Practical strategies for preserving emotional well-being in an over-connected world.
This book challenges readers to rethink emotions in a technology-driven world and offers practical, ethical, and philosophical insights for navigating this new emotional paradigm.
To analyze emotions in the age of social media, this book introduces five key indicators:
1. Authenticity-Performativity Scale – Measures how much emotional expression is genuine vs. curated for social validation.
2. Digital Emotional Resilience Index – Assesses an individual's ability to handle digital emotional stimulation.
3. Empathy Erosion Metric – Evaluates the decline of deep emotional connections due to digital interactions.
4. Algorithmic Emotional Influence Score – Measures how much emotions are influenced by online content curation.
5. Emotional Monetization Index – Analyzes how emotions are commercially exploited in the digital ecosystem
The Evolution of Truth: From Ancient Wisdom to Modern Science
No full textThis book, authored by Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA., and published in 2000 by The United Nations and The Education Training Centre, delves into the intricate journey of truth as it has transformed over time. It explores the deep philosophical roots of truth from early civilizations to the advancements brought by contemporary scientific inquiry. Through a meticulous examination of historical narratives, religious doctrines, philosophical discourses, and scientific breakthroughs, this book presents a comprehensive perspective on how human understanding of truth has evolved, shaped by cultural, intellectual, and technological progress. It serves as a bridge between the past and the present, challenging conventional perspectives while embracing new paradigms of knowledge.
Book Explanation The motivation behind this work stems from the need to reconcile various interpretations of truth that have emerged throughout history. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA. provides an in-depth analysis of how different civilizations have perceived and defined truth. This book was published in 2000 by The United Nations and The Education Training Centre, marking an important contribution to philosophical and scientific discourse.
Truth is an ever-evolving concept, shaped by human cognition, cultural influences, and empirical discoveries. This book defines truth as a multifaceted construct that is both absolute and relative, depending on the lens through which it is examined. It discusses the fundamental nature of truth in metaphysical, epistemological, and empirical dimensions, drawing from ancient philosophical thought and modern scientific methodologies.
Throughout history, numerous civilizations have debated the nature of truth. This book highlights pivotal moments that shaped our understanding of truth, from early mythological narratives to the emergence of logic in Greek philosophy, the theological interpretations of the medieval period, and the empirical rigor of modern science. These historical milestones demonstrate the ongoing tension between belief, reason, and evidence in the pursuit of truth.
The principles governing truth are examined in relation to logic, perception, and verification. This book outlines how truth operates within different knowledge systems, including ethics, mathematics, and the natural sciences. By dissecting the mechanisms that validate truth claims, it offers a structured approach to understanding truth’s role in shaping human thought and progress.
Key indicators of truth are presented in this book, including coherence, correspondence, and pragmatic utility. These indicators help differentiate objective reality from subjective belief, enabling readers to critically assess various truth claims. The book further explores how these indicators have been applied historically and how they continue to influence contemporary debates on truth.
Operational variables in this work include linguistic constructs, empirical validation, and logical reasoning. The book investigates how truth is constructed through language, interpreted through observation, and tested through systematic inquiry. These variables provide a foundation for understanding the dynamic nature of truth.
Numerous factors shape the evolution of truth, including cultural paradigms, technological advancements, and ideological shifts. The book examines how these elements interact to redefine what is considered true at different historical junctures. It also addresses the impact of cognitive biases and socio-political influences on truth formation.
Implementing a framework for understanding truth requires interdisciplinary collaboration and open discourse. This book presents strategies for integrating philosophical insights with scientific methodologies to foster a more holistic approach to truth-seeking. It emphasizes the importance of education, critical thinking, and ethical inquiry in the pursuit of knowledge.
The path to truth is fraught with challenges, including misinformation, dogma, and the limitations of human perception. This book discusses both the obstacles and the facilitators of truth discovery, highlighting the role of skepticism, dialogue, and scientific rigor in overcoming these challenges.
In conclusion, this book underscores the dynamic nature of truth and its continual transformation in response to intellectual and cultural progress. By tracing the trajectory of truth from ancient wisdom to modern science, it offers a profound reflection on humanity’s enduring quest for understanding and certainty.
Table of Contents The book spans 986 pages and is structured into thematic chapters that explore the historical, philosophical, and scientific dimensions of truth.
The initial chapters introduce the conceptual foundations of truth, presenting an overview of its significance in human thought and inquiry. These chapters set the stage for an exploration of how truth has been understood across different eras and intellectual traditions.
Subsequent chapters delve into ancient perspectives on truth, examining contributions from Eastern and Western philosophies. Discussions on Confucian, Buddhist, and Hindu perspectives are juxtaposed with Greek philosophical traditions, including the works of Plato and Aristotle. The book further explores medieval interpretations of truth, focusing on theological frameworks and the interplay between faith and reason.
The transition to modern conceptions of truth is detailed in later chapters, highlighting the impact of the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment. The emergence of empiricism, rationalism, and the scientific method reshaped the landscape of truth, paving the way for contemporary philosophical and scientific discourse.
A critical section of the book investigates the role of truth in ethics, politics, and media. These discussions address contemporary challenges, including the spread of misinformation, the ethical responsibilities of knowledge dissemination, and the influence of digital media on public perception of truth.
The final chapters synthesize the insights gained throughout the book, offering reflections on the future trajectory of truth in an era of rapid technological and intellectual change. The book concludes with an invitation for continued inquiry, encouraging readers to engage in lifelong exploration and dialogue on the nature of truth.
This book serves as both a historical narrative and a philosophical inquiry, guiding readers through the intricate journey of truth as it has evolved from ancient wisdom to modern scientific understanding
Truth and Deception: Ethical and Philosophical Dimensions
No full textTruth and Deception: Ethical and Philosophical Dimensions, written by Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA., and published in 2000 by The United Nations and The Education Training Centre, examines the delicate relationship between truth and deception across ethical, philosophical, and sociopolitical landscapes. This book investigates how truth is both a moral obligation and a construct that evolves with human perception and societal values. In a world where deception is often justified for personal gain, political power, or even benevolent intentions, the author dissects the ethical dilemmas that arise when truth is obscured. Through a rigorous analysis of historical narratives, contemporary ethical theories, and real-world applications, this book offers a nuanced perspective on the responsibilities and consequences of truthfulness and deception in personal, institutional, and global contexts.
The motivation behind this book emerges from the persistent moral and intellectual struggles surrounding truth and deception. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA., explores how these concepts shape decision-making, governance, and interpersonal relationships. Published in 2000, this work serves as both an ethical inquiry and a philosophical investigation into how societies define, manipulate, and justify the act of deception.
Central to the discussion are key definitions and fundamental principles that distinguish truth from deception. The book examines classical and contemporary interpretations of truth, questioning whether it is an absolute entity or a flexible construct subject to contextual influences. Deception is analyzed through various lenses, from intentional falsehoods to self-deception and systemic misinformation. By breaking down these concepts, the book provides a framework for understanding their ethical and philosophical dimensions.
The analysis of societal phenomena reveals how deception has played a role in politics, media, business, and even personal ethics. The author highlights instances where deception has been wielded as a tool of influence, questioning the ethical trade-offs between transparency and manipulation. Historical case studies and modern examples illustrate how truth and deception are often intertwined in shaping societal norms and public discourse.
At the core of this inquiry lies the principle that ethical reasoning should guide our relationship with truth. The book evaluates moral theories, such as consequentialism and deontological ethics, to determine whether deception can ever be justified. The author proposes that truth-seeking should be balanced with ethical considerations, recognizing the complexities of real-world scenarios.
Indicators of truth and deception are explored through cognitive biases, rhetorical strategies, and institutional practices. The book delves into the psychological mechanisms that influence belief systems, as well as the tools used to verify truth in fields like journalism, law, and scientific inquiry. By identifying these indicators, the work provides readers with a critical lens to evaluate the integrity of information they encounter.
The operational variables that influence truth and deception are examined through cultural perspectives, technological advancements, and institutional frameworks. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA., emphasizes the role of power dynamics in determining what is accepted as truth and how deception is either condemned or normalized within different contexts.
Determinant factors shaping the ethics of truth include education, media literacy, political systems, and technological innovations. The book argues that a society's ability to uphold truth is contingent on the integrity of its institutions and the critical thinking skills of its citizens. It highlights the responsibility of educators, policymakers, and individuals in fostering a culture of truthfulness.
The implementation of truth-based strategies requires structural and ethical frameworks that encourage accountability and transparency. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA., suggests methods to institutionalize ethical truth practices, from legal frameworks to educational reforms, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that acknowledges human imperfection.
Challenges to truth-seeking include misinformation, propaganda, and the increasing complexity of digital landscapes. The book acknowledges the obstacles posed by deepfake technology, ideological biases, and the rapid spread of misinformation. It also identifies supporting mechanisms, such as fact-checking institutions, ethical journalism, and philosophical discourse, as essential components in counteracting deception.
In conclusion, the book reiterates the necessity of approaching truth as both a moral imperative and a practical necessity. By integrating philosophical depth with ethical pragmatism, Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA., presents a thought-provoking perspective on navigating the delicate balance between truth and deception in an increasingly complex world
Truth and Relativism: A Philosophical Investigation
No full textIn an era where truth is increasingly questioned and relativism dominates intellectual discourse, "Truth and Relativism: A Philosophical Investigation" by Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA., offers a profound examination of the nature of truth. Published in 2000 by The United Nations and The Education Training Centre, this book delves into the tension between absolute truths and the ever-evolving landscape of human understanding. It navigates the complexities of truth in relation to cultural, social, and historical contexts, exploring whether truth is an objective reality or merely a construct shaped by perception and interpretation.
The motivation behind this book stems from the growing discourse on relativism in philosophy, politics, and social sciences. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA., recognizes the urgent need to clarify whether truth is an independent entity or a fluid concept determined by circumstances. Published in 2000, the book emerges as a response to the shifting paradigms of knowledge and belief, providing an insightful investigation into how truth functions in different domains of life.
Defining truth within the context of relativism requires an understanding of fundamental philosophical perspectives. The book systematically dissects classical theories of truth, from correspondence and coherence theories to pragmatic and constructivist approaches. It further highlights the impact of postmodernism, which challenges conventional notions of absolute truth by asserting the subjective nature of reality.
The emergence of relativism has transformed the way individuals and societies perceive knowledge. The book explores contemporary cases where relativism influences ethical debates, legal interpretations, and scientific inquiries. It examines how globalization, technological advancements, and ideological shifts contribute to the relativization of truth in the modern world.
The book operates on the principle that understanding truth requires an interdisciplinary approach. By integrating philosophy, sociology, linguistics, and psychology, it presents a holistic view of how truth is shaped and reshaped in human cognition and interaction. The work emphasizes the interplay between perception and reality, urging readers to critically evaluate the foundations of their beliefs.
Indicators of truth are scrutinized through epistemological and logical lenses. The book discusses verifiability, consistency, and empirical validation as benchmarks for truth. However, it also acknowledges the fluidity of these indicators when applied across different cultures and philosophical traditions, making the case for a pluralistic view of knowledge.
Operational variables that define truth in various contexts are essential for a nuanced discussion. The book categorizes truth into empirical, moral, and metaphysical dimensions, each governed by distinct methodologies. It further investigates the role of language and interpretation in constructing meaning, demonstrating how truth is mediated through human expression.
Several factors influence the perception and acceptance of truth, including societal norms, historical contexts, and cognitive biases. The book identifies key determinants that shape collective understanding, emphasizing the dynamic nature of knowledge in light of new evidence and perspectives.
Strategies for navigating truth in a relativistic world require a balance between skepticism and open-mindedness. The book proposes methods for discerning credible information, fostering critical thinking, and promoting intellectual humility. It advocates for a rational yet adaptable approach to truth-seeking, encouraging individuals to engage in continuous inquiry.
The journey toward understanding truth is fraught with challenges. The book addresses obstacles such as misinformation, ideological manipulation, and the limitations of human perception. It also considers supporting factors, including advancements in scientific methodologies and the role of dialogue in refining collective knowledge.
In conclusion, "Truth and Relativism: A Philosophical Investigation" encapsulates the intricate relationship between truth and subjectivity. Prof. Dr. Yoesoep Edhie Rachmad, Ph.D., DBA., presents a compelling argument for a nuanced view of truth that accommodates both objectivity and contextual variations. By bridging classical and contemporary perspectives, the book serves as an essential resource for philosophers, scholars, and critical thinkers seeking to navigate the complexities of knowledge in a relativistic age
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