PsyArxiv
Not a member yet
49120 research outputs found
Sort by
A model-based analysis of music-evoked nostalgia without prior listening experience
No full textNostalgia is a complex emotional impression that involves autobiographical recall, with music serving as one of the key triggers. Previous studies have examined the factors of nostalgia evoked by music with prior listening experience from both personal and contextual perspectives using a psychological heuristic model. Although anecdotal evidence suggests that music-evoked nostalgia can occur even without prior listening experience, previous studies did not address the cognitive and emotional processing. Based on an existing model, this study quantitatively investigated the factors associated with nostalgic experience evoked by music without listening experience. Our results showed that music-evoked nostalgia without prior listening experience was associated with the same contextual features as nostalgia with prior listening experience, including familiarity, autobiographical salience, and mixed emotional responses. In contrast, low arousal and personality traits related to susceptibility to sadness were associated only with nostalgic experience, which differs from previous studies on nostalgic experience for music with listening experience. These results enhance our understanding of how music can evoke nostalgia not only through autobiographical memories but also through its comprehensive structural properties
Perception and Encoding of Narrative Events During Continuous Speech Listening in Background Noise
No full textEveryday speech comprehension involves interpreting overarching themes as they unfold continuously overtime and structuring experiences for effective encoding and future recall. Characterizing downstream cognition, particularly how the brain perceptually organizes and encodes information, can help elucidate some of the mechanisms underlying listening effort. Recent advances in memory research highlight event segmentation, the process of identifying distinct events within dynamic environments, as a core mechanism to how we perceive, encode, and recall experiences. In the current study, we examine how background noise affects event segmentation during speech listening and its downstream effects on memory. Participants listened to and segmented narratives presented at varying signal-to-noise ratios (clear, +2 dB SNR, –4 dB SNR) and subsequently completed a free recall task. Increasing background noise reduced segmentation consistency and recall accuracy, indicating that challenging acoustics disrupt perceptual organization and encoding; however, listeners continued to identify meaningful event boundaries even when intelligibility declined by approximately 30%. Our analyses further suggest that segmentation was predominantly anticipatory, with listeners marking event boundaries towards the end of an event, suggesting a proactive updating of event models rather than a reaction to a prediction error. Additionally, segmentation-recall coupling was strongest under moderate noise, implying that moderate listening difficulty may enhance engagement. Ultimately, these findings demonstrate that while the adverse conditions impair detailed encoding, the cognitive mechanisms that structure experience remain robust, offering insight into how listening effort shapes perception and memory in complex, real-world speech
I’m Cooked! From Burnt out to Cooked out: A Theoretical Model of Home Cooking Burnout (HCBO)
No full textCrucial health and psychological benefits, and advantages for child development may be associated with regular, healthy home cooking practices and social exchange around the table. However, establishing and maintaining home cooking practices involve challenges and may be progressively taxing on caregivers, akin to burnout. This article proposes an innovative theoretical conceptualisation of Home Cooking Burnout (HCBO), a phenomenon of psychological exhaustion specifically linked to the repeated preparation of meals and their clean-up in a domestic setting. Here we introduce the term cooked-out, defined as a state of psychological exhaustion relating to the repeat preparation of meals, characterised by a loss of motivation, pleasure, and energy, as well as impaired cognitive and emotional functions associated with food preparation. Based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, HCBO describes how the accumulation of structural, cognitive, emotional, and time demands, combined with a lack of material, social, or psychological resources, can lead to a dynamic of deterioration similar to that observed in professional burnout.
The model distinguishes between two key dimensions: exhaustion, defined as the emotional and cognitive fatigue associated with cooking tasks, and engagement, corresponding to the pleasure, creativity, and meaning attributed to cooking. These two dimensions coexist on partially independent axes, enabling differentiation between various profiles of cooking behaviour (exhausted, disengaged, over-engaged). HCBO also constitutes a proposal to formalise household mental load, making it measurable and falsifiable through the development of two psychometric instruments: a household cooking load and engagement scale (HCBO-EE) and an inventory of household demands and resources (HCBO-DRI).
We propose a three-phase methodology to validate the HCBO model: (1) construction and psychometric validation of instruments via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; (2) modelling of cooking exhaustion or “cooked-out” trajectories through SEM analyses, machine learning methods, and clustering; (3) studying the implications of being cooked-out on marital relationships, dysfunctional eating behaviours, and metabolic risks. HCBO thus makes it possible to link cooking fatigue to family changes, gender inequalities, and risky eating behaviours.
By offering a new perspective on household cooking, the HCBO model opens up theoretical, clinical, and societal perspectives that are essential for understanding and preventing domestic exhaustion in modern households
Clearing the Air : A Longitudinal Study of Air Pollution in the French Media
No full textAir pollution is a major environmental and public health issue that has gradually attracted media attention over the past two decades. This longitudinal study examines how the French media represented pollution from 2004 to 2024, by analyzing a corpus of 1166 press articles from national and local media with various political orientations. Using a computer-assisted content analysis, we identified distinct phases of media coverage that describe an evolution from an initially scientific and health-focused discourse, to a more political, legislative, and territorialized discursive debate. Our results reveal that air pollution has evolved from a technical environmental problem to a controversial public object marked by legal action, local governance debates and citizen mobilization. This study contributes to understanding the social construction of environmental risks in media discourse, and highlights the role of the press in public perception and political debate
Longitudinal associations between adverse childhood experiences and alcohol use and misuse among Mexican-origin adolescents
No full textBackground: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic stressors during childhood and are a strong predictor of alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adolescence and into adulthood. Given that Mexican-origin adults exhibit some of the highest rates of heavy drinking, identifying factors that buffer the effects of ACEs among Mexican-origin adolescents is critical.
Method: Data were collected between April 2021 and October 2024 in a 3-Wave longitudinal study from a community sample of Mexican-origin youth. Bilingual, bicultural research assistants facilitated data collection. Logistic regression models were employed to examine prospective associations between family-level (e.g., maltreatment) and community-level (neighborhood violence) ACEs and alcohol outcomes. Familism and family cohesion were evaluated as potential protective factors of these associations.
Results: The sample included 344 Mexican-origin adolescents (Mage = 15.2 at Wave 3) from northern Indiana, USA. Family-level ACEs at Wave 1 were associated with increased odds of alcohol use at Wave 2 and risky drinking and AUD at Wave 3. Community-level ACEs at Wave 1 were associated with increased odds of risky drinking at Wave 2 only. While familism and family cohesion were negatively associated with alcohol use outcomes, familism at Wave 1 exacerbated the association between family-level ACEs at Wave 1 and alcohol use at Wave 2.
Conclusions: Our findings underscore the detrimental effects of ACEs on alcohol related outcomes during adolescence for Mexican-origin youth. While familism and family cohesion may serve as a general protective factor against alcohol use, familism may increase the risk for alcohol use in the context of family-level ACEs (e.g., maltreatment, household dysfunction). Equipping families with tools to strengthen relationships and prevent ACE exposure is crucial for fostering resilience and promoting long-term well-being
Finding our ROLE: How and why to reframe essentialist approaches to language
No full textEssentialist categorizations of language users, such as NATIVE SPEAKER, are widely used but lack empirical validity and reinforce social inequities. This article focuses on the NATIVENESS construct, critically examining how its centrality in social-scientific research distorts scholarly inquiry, introduces bias in educational and clinical assessments, and perpetuates exclusion in academia. We argue that such labels impose artificial homogeneity, devalue linguistic diversity, and contribute to systemic biases in society. By reifying social divisions, essentialist categorizations can exclude marginalized groups, perpetuate linguistic discrimination, and hinder scientific progress. We advocate for a shift away from essentialist proxies and toward more contextually grounded and empirically driven characterizations of language use. A reflexive and interdisciplinary approach is necessary to dismantle these harmful frameworks and promote more accurate, inclusive, and equitable research. Our argument is relevant not just to the cognitive sciences, but to any scholarship which involves describing or understanding language. Ultimately, rejecting essentialist assumptions will lead to more nuanced understandings of language, identity, and social belonging, fostering both scientific and societal transformation by promoting justice and accuracy across social-scientific disciplines
Comparing Attitudes toward Online and Traditional Learning across Age Groups
No full textAdvances in information technologies are transforming not only work and lifestyle patterns
but also learners’ expectations and perceptions of education and learning. In this era, online
learning is becoming increasingly central, serving as either an alternative or a complement
to traditional learning.
The aim of this study is to examine the relationships and differences between learners’
attitudes toward online learning and their attitudes toward traditional classroom learning, as
well as to investigate the effect of learners’ age on these attitudes. To this end, an attitude
questionnaire was administered, including descriptions of various learning situations across
different domains. Participants were asked to rate their attitudes toward each situation on a
five-point Likert scale.
The findings revealed that, in most cases, there was no significant correlation between
attitudes toward online learning and learners’ age, except in one instance. However, a
negative correlation was found between attitudes toward online learning and attitudes
toward traditional learning. This finding may suggest that, for some learners, transitioning
between digital and physical learning environments involves difficulty, and that these two
settings are perceived as distinct or even opposing. It appears that online learning is
experienced as a qualitatively different process from traditional learning, both in terms of
the learning experience itself and the emotional and social feelings it evokes
Semantic Delegation: Understanding Concepts with a Little Help from our Friends
No full textEven if concepts are the basic building blocks of private thoughts, not only do most of our mental representations are
acquired from others, but we also routinely rely on experts in many knowledge domains. Evidence suggests that in many of
these situations people believe they know what in fact is known by someone else instead. In this contribution, we explore how
trust and delegation of semantic expertise influence the way in which concepts are represented and ask whether it is possible
to actually ground one’s understanding via the understanding of others. We conclude by deriving some implications for the
debate over understanding in contemporary AI systems
BackTranslationLLM: An Agentic AI Architecture for Translating and Validating the Content of Psychometric Instruments
No full textThe cross-cultural adaptation of psychometric instruments is a methodologically complex, time-consuming, and resource-intensive process. This study introduces and evaluates BackTranslationLLM, a multi-agent Artificial Intelligence (AI) architecture designed to automate the translation and content validation of psychological tests. Guided by principles of AI agent engineering, the system employs a sequential pipeline with specialized agents for translation, back-translation, and refinement, followed by a diversified committee of AI judges for evaluation. The framework was applied to adapt the Cuestionario de Impacto de la Sesión de Musicoterapia from Spanish to Brazilian Portuguese. The results were benchmarked against a parallel validation conducted by five human expert judges. Exploratory Graph Analysis confirmed that the automated translation preserved the instrument's semantic structure. Both the AI and human committees assigned adequate Content Validity Coefficients (CVCs) to the adapted instrument. However, a lack of correlation between the item-level CVCs (e.g., Clarity, ρ = -0.37) revealed divergent judgment heuristics: the AI acted as a auditor of methodological compliance, whereas human experts excelled at evaluating pragmatic and cultural nuances. We conclude that BackTranslationLLM is an effective framework that complements, rather than replaces, human expertise by optimizing the validation process
Ethical Considerations for Psychological Practice with Undocumented Immigrants in the United States
No full textIn this article, I aim to provide an overview of various guidelines and considerations that practicing psychologists in the U.S. must take into account when working with and for undocumented clients, particularly within the hostile political context of 2026. Through compiling empirical research sources, APA statements, and guidelines from professional organizations like the National Immigration Law Center, I provide various best practices broken down by sections of the APA Ethics Code. These include guidelines with relations to language proficiency and interpreter services, ICE raid preparation competencies and protocols, and confidentiality considerations, among others. I also include recommendations for the APA and other psychological institutions, such as creating more formal professional practice guidelines for psychological work with undocumented immigrants and providing more explicit material support to practicing psychologists who engage in justified and ethical civil disobedience when ethics and law come into conflict. While this article is by no means a complete collection of considerations, and is in full transparency written by a first year doctoral student with limited clinical experience, I hope it can serve as an initial guide and jumping off point for researchers and practitioners to develop more fleshed out guidelines. I believe this activity is vitally important given the current threats facing undocumented and immigrant populations within the United States under the second Trump administration, and I hope that this manuscript is helpful
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇