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Book Review on Lourdes Ortega’s "Understanding second language acquisition”: Basic learning of second language
No full textLourdes Ortega\u27s "Understanding Second Language Acquisition" was first published by Routledge in 2008. Lourdes Ortega is an internationally renowned scholar in the field of second language acquisition and applied linguistics. Her work has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the learning and acquisition of second languages. Lourdes Ortega’s Understanding Second Language Acquisition is an excellent resource for anyone interested in the study of second language acquisition (SLA). The book provides an in-depth exploration of the key concepts of SLA and offers a comprehensive overview of current research, theories, and approaches. It is a valuable resource for both language educators and students alike.
In Understanding Second Language Acquisition, Ortega provides an in-depth analysis of the processes involved in SLA. She starts with a brief overview of the history of SLA and its theoretical foundations, then moves into a discussion of the most important issues and topics in the field. She examines the different approaches to SLA, including the use of language transfer, the role of input and output, the role of motivation, the importance of context, and the impact of interactional and individual learner variables. Ortega also covers the role of technology in language learning, the importance of assessment, and the implications of SLA research for language teaching and learning
Review of Benedict Anderson’s IMAGINED COMMUNITIES: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism
Full text linkJennifer Hasty in her book “the press and political culture in Ghana” makes critical steps towards exploring Ghana’s news discourse in the 1990s. This period also characterizes the consolidation of Ghana’s liberalization process and dynamics that emerged in its political contestation, as well as the journey towards consolidation of democracy. The main thesis of the book is that “Ghana’s press project a unified voice, which stems from the multifarious and contentious processes which join the country in local and global debates and are characterized by the production of news that is influenced by politics and popular culture which is mostly determined by the state” (p.1). This according to Hasty is expressed in the civic culture and politics, and the role performed by the state press in constituting the socio-political, cultural, and national identities. She sees the state press as representing the voice of the ruling government, and the private press as a tool used for partisan opposition politics. From this context, she points out that the house-style and editorial orientation of the press is greatly influenced by the state and the government of the day. Through this, the press, particularly the state newspapers such as, the Daily Graphic is seen to in a way hide under the so-called principle of national development and state cohesion, in denying the public news headlines and stories that concern abuse from the political elite, human rights violations, and political corruption.
References
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso Books.
Carey, J. W. (1974). The problem of journalism history. Journalism History, 1(1), 3-27.
Douglas, S. J. (1992). Notes toward a history of media audiences. Radical History Review, (54), 127-138.
Historiography, W. T. (2007). Editor\u27s Note: Why Teach Historiography or Study Media History? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 51(3), 405-409
The Role of Transactional Leadership in Employee Performance: The Mediating Role Psychological Empowerment
Full text linkThis research focuses on the impact of "Transactional leader’s behaviour on job performance of knowledge employees". Taking enterprise knowledge employees as the research object and by introducing the psychological empowerment as the mediating variable, this research explores the impact of transactional leadership style on the job performance of knowledge employees. The first part is the introduction, which introduces the background of the study, research gap, problem statement, research questions, research objectives, and significance of the study, assumptions and delimitations, definition of key words. The second part is the literature review, which reviews the previous researches on the concepts, affecting factors and dimensions of research variables such as transactional leadership style, employee work performance and psychological empowerment. These laid a solid theoretical foundation for this research. The third part is the research design. On the basis of the previous research, the research model of this paper is constructed, there search hypothesis proposed and the research questionnaire designed by referring to the mature scale studied by the previous researchers. The fourth part is empirical research, which takes knowledge employees of state-owned enterprises in Pakistan as the research object. A total of 662 respondents data were obtained by means of questionnaire survey, and the reliability and validity analysis, difference analysis, correlation analysis, main hypothesis test and adjustment effect test were conducted on the collected data using SmartPLS V.3 and SPSS 25.0, partly verifying the theoretical model and research hypothesis. The fifth part is conclusion and prospect. This study draws research conclusions through the empirical research data results. Based on results, this research offers some suggestions to the managers of the state owned enterprise for the actual management of knowledge employees from the aspect of leadership style.
References
Ambad, S. N. A., Kalimin, K. M., Damit, D. H. D. A., & Andrew, J. V. (2021). The mediating effect of psychological empowerment on leadership styles and task performance of academic staff. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(5), 763-782.
Antonopoulou, H., Halkiopoulos, C., Barlou, O., & Beligiannis, G. N. (2021). Transformational leadership and digital skills in higher education institutes: during the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging science journal, 5(1), 1-15.
Asif, M. (2021). Contingent Effect of Conflict Management towards Psychological Capital and Employees’ Engagement in Financial Sector of Islamabad [PhD Dissertation, Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad Campus.]. Islamabad.
Asif, M., Khan, A., & Pasha, M. A. (2019). Psychological Capital of Employees’ Engagement: Moderating Impact of Conflict Management in the Financial Sector of Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, IV(III), 160-172.
Aurangzeb, Mushtaque, T., Tunio, M. N., Zia ur, R., & Asif, M. (2021). INFLUENCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERTISE OF HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTITIONERS ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE: MEDIATING ROLE OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION. International Journal of Management (IJM), 12(4), 408-421.
Baskoro, B. D. (2021). The nexus of transactional leadership, knowledge sharing behavior and organizational creativity: empirical evidence from construction workers in Jakarta. Journal of Work-Applied Management.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology press.
Bhardwaj, B., & Kalia, N. (2021). Contextual and task performance: role of employee engagement and organizational culture in hospitality industry. Vilakshan-XIMB Journal of Management.
Bian, X., Sun, Y., Zuo, Z., Xi, J., Xiao, Y., Wang, D., & Xu, G. (2019). Transactional leadership and employee safety behavior: Impact of safety climate and psychological empowerment. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 47(6), 1-9.
Chuang, Y.-T., Chiang, H.-L., Lin, A.-P., & Lien, Y.-C. (2022). Dual crossover mechanisms of benevolent supervision on followers\u27 contextual performance and emotional exhaustion alleviation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Dust, S. B., Resick, C. J., & Mawritz, M. B. (2014). Transformational leadership, psychological empowerment, and the moderating role of mechanistic–organic contexts. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(3), 413-433.
Fu, Q., Cherian, J., Ahmad, N., Scholz, M., Samad, S., & Comite, U. (2022). An Inclusive Leadership Framework to Foster Employee Creativity in the Healthcare Sector: The Role of Psychological Safety and Polychronicity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4519.
Gong, Z., Li, M., & Niu, X. (2021). The role of psychological empowerment in reducing job burnout among police officers: a variable-centered and person-centered approach. SAGE Open, 11(1), 2158244020983305.
Hosseini, E., Ardekani, S. S., Sabokro, M., & Salamzadeh, A. (2022). The study of knowledge employee voice among the knowledge-based companies: the case of an emerging economy. Revista de Gestão.
Ilyas, S., Abid, G., Ashfaq, F., Ali, M., & Ali, W. (2021). Status quos are made to be broken: The roles of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, psychological empowerment, and voice behavior. SAGE Open, 11(2), 21582440211006734.
Iqbal, K., Naveed, M., Subhan, Q. A., Fatima, T., & Alshahrani, S. T. (2022). When Self-Sacrificial Leaders Induce Employees’ Citizenship Behaviors? Uncovering the Nexus of Psychological Empowerment and Psychological Well-Being. SAGE Open, 12(1), 21582440221085257.
Jaroliya, D., & Gyanchandani, R. (2021). Transformational leadership style: a boost or hindrance to team performance in IT sector. Vilakshan-XIMB Journal of Management.
Johannessen, J.-A. (2021). Leadership tools to increase the motivation of knowledge workers. In Continuous Change and Communication in Knowledge Management. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Kalsoom, Z., Khan, M. A., & Zubair, D. S. S. (2018). Impact of transactional leadership and transformational leadership on employee performance: A case of FMCG industry of Pakistan. Industrial engineering letters, 8(3), 23-30.
Kiker, D. S., & Motowidlo, S. J. (2020). Main and interaction effects of task and contextual performance on supervisory reward decisions. Journal of applied psychology, 84(4), 602.
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C., Hildebrandt, V., Van Buuren, S., Van der Beek, A. J., & De Vet, H. C. (2013). Development of an individual work performance questionnaire. International journal of productivity and performance management.
Kyei-Frimpong, M., Adu, I. N., Suleman, A.-R., & Boakye, K. O. (2022). In search of performance-oriented leadership behaviours in the Ghanaian financial service sector: the role of knowledge sharing. Journal of Work-Applied Management.
Leitão, M., Correia, R. J., Teixeira, M. S., & Campos, S. (2022). Effects of leadership and reward systems on employees\u27 motivation and job satisfaction: an application to the Portuguese textile industry. Journal of Strategy and Management.
Li-Chaoping, X., Shi-Kan-,Chen-Xuefeng. (2006). Psychological Empowerment: Measurement and its Effect on Employees’ Work Attitude in China. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 38(01), 99-106. {https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/CN/abstract/article_1094.shtml}
Lin, C.-P., Huang, H.-T., & Huang, T. Y. (2020). The effects of responsible leadership and knowledge sharing on job performance among knowledge workers. Personnel Review.
Muliati, L., Asbari, M., Nadeak, M., Novitasari, D., & Purwanto, A. (2022). Elementary School Teachers Performance: How The Role of Transformational Leadership, Competency, and Self-Efficacy? International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 3(1), 158-166.
Mumtaz, A., Munir, N., Mumtaz, R., Farooq, M., & Asif, M. (2023). Impact Of Psychological & Economic Factors On Investment Decision-Making In Pakistan Stock Exchange. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7(4), 130-135.
Ölçer, F., & Florescu, M. (2015). Mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between psychological empowerment and job performance. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 22(3), 111-136.
Qasim, M., Irshad, M., Majeed, M., & Rizvi, S. T. H. (2021). Examining Impact of Islamic work ethic on task performance: mediating effect of psychological capital and a moderating role of ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-13.
Sahibzada, U. F., Jianfeng, C., Latif, K. F., Shafait, Z., & Sahibzada, H. F. (2022). Interpreting the impact of knowledge management processes on organizational performance in Chinese higher education: mediating role of knowledge worker productivity. Studies in Higher Education, 47(4), 713-730.
Shah, S. M. M., & Hamid, K. B. A. (2015). Transactional leadership and job performance: An empirical investigation. Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business, 2(2), 74-85.
Siachou, E., Trichina, E., Papasolomou, I., & Sakka, G. (2021). Why do employees hide their knowledge and what are the consequences? A systematic literature review. Journal of Business Research, 135, 195-213.
Soleimani, M., Dana, L. P., Salamzadeh, A., Bouzari, P., & Ebrahimi, P. (2022). The effect of internal branding on organisational financial performance and brand loyalty: mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
Sun, X. (2016). Psychological empowerment on job performance—mediating effect of job satisfaction. Psychology, 7(04), 584.
Teoh Yi Zhe, I., & Keikhosrokiani, P. (2021). Knowledge workers mental workload prediction using optimised ELANFIS. Applied Intelligence, 51(4), 2406-2430.
Van Zyl, L. E., Van Oort, A., Rispens, S., & Olckers, C. (2021). Work engagement and task performance within a global Dutch ICT-consulting firm: The mediating role of innovative work behaviors. Current Psychology, 40(8), 4012-4023.
Wang, W.-T., Wang, Y.-S., & Chang, W.-T. (2019). Investigating the effects of psychological empowerment and interpersonal conflicts on employees’ knowledge sharing intentions. Journal of knowledge management.
Zhu, W., Sosik, J. J., Riggio, R. E., & Yang, B. (2012). Relationships between transformational and active transactional leadership and followers’ organizational identification: The role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 13(3), 168-212
Building Community Resilience for Countering the Lure of Extremism
Full text linkThe rampant rise of violent extremist incidents across the globe poses an urgent threat to humanity requiring an immediate action. Vulnerabilities within diverse communities can serve as a critical fault line that can potentially foster extremist tendencies. This paper focuses on examining this pressing issue with specific reference to Pakistan. The study argues that although external factors contribute significantly, internal factors too, hold paramount importance in confronting the challenge of violent extremism. The paper addresses the issue of violent extremism in Pakistan, emphasizing the importance of building community resilience. The study aims to inform and shape state’s policies and strategies in the context of P/CVE. It sheds light on various forms of violent extremism, i.e., acts of terrorism, religious violence, gender-based violence, violent protests, riots, and hate crimes, demanding a comprehensive understanding. The literature review underscores various factors influencing community resilience, highlighting the significance of a multi-stakeholder approach. The paper highlights the need for an active role of academic institutions, think tanks, and NGOs in P/CVE. Structured across chapters, this paper analyses the issue of violent extremism in Pakistan and suggest soft approaches to tackle this issue. By charting a comprehensive path forward, it aims to contribute to a more secure and resilient Pakistan.
References
Ahmad, I. (2023, July 12). Punjab police registered 10,365 cases of violence against women in 4 months: SSDO. The Nation. https://www.nation.com.pk/12-Jul-2023/punjab-police-registered-10-365-cases-of-violence-against-women-in-4-months-ssdo
Babakhel, M. A. (2023, March 18). Two Approaches. DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1742789
Dal Farra, S., & De Riz, L. (2017, December 19). Building Resilience Against Violent Extremism. Retrieved from https://www.salto-youth.net/downloads/toolbox_tool_download-file-1773/Booklet%20BRAVE.pdf
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR COUNTERING TERRORISM AND TARGETED VIOLENCE. (2019, September). US Department of Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0920_plcy_strategic-framework-countering-terrorism-targeted-violence.pdf
Ghosh, R., Chan, W. Y. A., Manuel, A., & Dilimulati, M. (2017, May 4). Can Education Counter Violent Religious Extremism? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 23(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1165713
Gul, A. (2023, September 30). Report: Surge in terrorism kills more than 700 Pakistanis. Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/a/report-surge-in-terrorism-kills-more-than-700-pakistanis/7291609.html
Hummel, K. (2023, May 23). The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan After the Taliban’s Afghanistan Takeover. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-tehrik-i-taliban-pakistan-after-the-talibans-afghanistan-takeover/
Iqbal, K. (2021). Pakistan’s Non-Kinetic Responses to Violent Extremism. Strategic Thought, 3, 147–161. https://doi.org/https://www.strategicthought.ndu.edu.pk/site/article/view/31
Khan, S. (2022, October 10). Pakistan: Activists Sound Alarm over Hate Crimes – DW. Dw.Com. https://www.dw.com/en/pakistan-activists-sound-alarm-over-hate-crimes-blasphemy-claims/a-63396489
Kumar, A. (2011). The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation. Institute for Defence Studies Studies & Analysis, New Delhi, 1–144. https://doi.org/https://www.idsa.in/system/files/book/Book_TerrorChallengesSouthAsia.pdf
Nafees, M. (2022, January). Blasphemy Cases in Pakistan: 1947 – 2021. Center for Research and Security Studies (CRSS). https://crss.pk/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Blasphemy-Report-.pdf
Pakistan. (n.d.). United States Department of State. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2019/pakistan/
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‘Four Pakistani Police Killed in Violence at Far-Right TLP Protest’, 27 October 2021. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/pakistani-police-killed-at-tlp-protest.
‘Good Practices on Community Engagement and Community-Oriented Policing as Tools to Counter Violent Extremism’. Global Counter Terrorism Forum, n.d. https://www.thegctf.org/documents/10162/159885/13Aug09_EN_Good+Practices+on+Community+Engagement+and+Community-Oriented+Policing.pdf.
‘Outreach Branch – NACTA – National Counter Terrorism Authority NACTA Pakistan’, n.d. https://nacta.gov.pk/outreach-branch/.
Rae, J. A. (2012, September 22). Will It Ever Be Possible to Profile the Terrorist? doi:10.15664/jtr.380.
‘Report: Surge in Terrorism Kills More Than 700 Pakistanis’, 30 September 2023. https://www.voanews.com/a/report-surge-in-terrorism-kills-more-than-700-pakistanis/7291609.html.
Taylor, E. (Lily), Taylor, P. C., Karnovsky, S., Aly, A., & Taylor, N. (2017, April 3). “Beyond Bali”: A Transformative Education Approach for Developing Community Resilience to Violent Extremism. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 37(2), 193–204. doi:10.1080/02188791.2016.1240661
United States Institute of Peace. ‘The Current Situation in Pakistan’, 23 January 2023. https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/01/current-situation-pakistan.
UNESCO. We Need to Talk: Measuring Intercultural Dialogue for Peace and Inclusion. Vol. 4. Institute for Economics and Peace, 2022. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382874.
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‘UNITED KINGDOM NATIONAL SUBMISSION: BEST PRACTICE AND LESSONS LEARNED ON HOW PROTECTING AND PROMOTING HUMAN RIGHTS CONTRIBUTES TO PREVENTING AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM’, May 2016. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/RuleOfLaw/PCVE/UK.pdf.
‘President of Pakistan, Dr. Arif Alvi, Graced National VCs Peace Conference as the Chief Guest. – NACTA – National Counter Terrorism Authority NACTA Pakistan’, n.d. https://nacta.gov.pk/national-vcs-peace-conference/.
‘Youth Empowerment for Peace and Resilience Building and Prevention of Violent Extremism in Sahel and Surrounding Countries: A Guide for Teachers’. UNESCO, 2019. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000371537
Book Review of Jennifer Hasty’s (2005). The Press and Political Culture in Ghana. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Full text linkThe press and political culture in Ghana by Jennifer Hasty takes important steps towards examining Ghana\u27s news discourse in the 1990s. The culmination of Ghana\u27s liberalization process, dynamics that evolved in its political contestation, and the process of establishing democracy are all characterized by this time period. The book\u27s central claim is that "Ghana\u27s press project a unified voice, which stems from the diverse and contentious processes that engage the nation in local and international debates and are characterized by the production of news that is influenced by politics and popular culture, which is largely determined by the state
Significance of Pragmatics in Second Language Acquisition: Enhancing Communication and Intercultural Competence: Pragmatics in Second Language Acquisition"
No full textIn recent years, there has been a major uptick in interest regarding the study of pragmatics in second language acquisition (SLA). This is mostly attributable to the critical function that pragmatics play in the development of efficient communication skills in a second language. Pragmatics is the study of language use in context, which includes the interpretation of meaning beyond the literal level, the use of language for a variety of goals, and the understanding of social norms and practices in communication. Pragmatics is often referred to as sociopragmatics.
The acquisition of pragmatics in a second language is crucial for learners in order for them to be capable of effectively conveying intended meanings and to avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations in a variety of social circumstances. Additionally, the development of pragmatic competence in a second language is intimately linked to the learner\u27s intercultural competence, which enables the learner to communicate effectively with persons whose linguistic and cultural backgrounds are distinct from their own.
In research on second language acquisition (SLA), the function of pragmatics has been explored from a variety of viewpoints, such as its link with degrees of proficiency, the impact of teaching on the development of pragmatic skills, and the role of feedback and corrective feedback in the process of enhancing pragmatic competence. In addition, recent research has underlined the significance of including pragmatic training and intercultural communication in language learning curriculum in order to improve the communicative skills of language learners.
In general, the significance of pragmatics in SLA is crucial, and its growth need to be prioritized in language teaching and learning in order to facilitate efficient communication and an understanding of other cultures.
References
Bardovi-Harlig, K. (2017). Researching pragmatic development in a second language. In K. Bardovi-Harlig & B. Bastos (Eds.), L2 pragmatics: Research, theory, and practice (pp. 271-283). Routledge.
Barron, A. (2003). Acquisition in interlanguage pragmatics: Learning how to do things with words in a study abroad context. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Multilingual Matters.
Chang, Y. F. (2018). The effects of explicit instruction on EFL learners’ pragmatic development in complimenting. Journal of Pragmatics, 135, 75-88.
Dey, M. (2023). The primary characteristics of English pragmatics in Applied Linguistics: Exploring the Key Features of English Pragmatics in Applied Linguistics. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 2(2), 1-13.
Félix-Brasdefer, J. C. (2016). Second language pragmatics. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics.
Golato, A. (2015). Second language pragmatic development in study abroad contexts. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 38-61.
Huang, L., & Hasegawa-Johnson, M. (2015). Toward computational sociolinguistics: A survey of recent advances in extracting social meaning from sound and language. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 32(5), 84-96.
Kasper, G. (2001). Four perspectives on L2 pragmatic development. Applied Linguistics, 22(4), 502-530.
Kasper, G. (2012). Intercultural pragmatics. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Wiley-Blackwell.
Kasper, G., & Rose, K. R. (2002). Pragmatic development in a second language. Language Teaching, 35(1), 1-18.
Kasper, G., & Schmidt, R. (1996). Developmental issues in interlanguage pragmatics. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18(2), 149-169.
Kecskes, I. (2014). Intercultural pragmatics. Oxford University Press.
Kramsch, C. (2014). Teaching foreign languages in an era of globalization: Introduction. The Modern Language Journal, 98(1), 296-311.
Roever, C. (2011). Testing ESL pragmatics: Development and validation of a web-based assessment battery. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Rose, K. R. (2017). Pragmatic competence and second language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 37, 40-59.
Taguchi, N. (2015). Pragmatic development in second language acquisition. In B. Aarts, J. Close, G. Leech, & S. Wallis (Eds.), The English language: Cognition and communication (pp. 689-706). Cambridge University Press.
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The Importance of Multilingualism in a Globalized World : Understanding multilingualism
No full textIn today\u27s interconnected and globalized world, multilingualism has become increasingly important. Being able to communicate in more than one language has become a necessary skill, not just for individuals but also for businesses and organizations. With the ease of travel and the internet, people from different cultures and countries are interacting with each other more frequently, and the ability to communicate effectively across language barriers is vital.
Multilingualism has many benefits, both personal and professional. For individuals, it can open up new opportunities for work, travel, and cultural experiences. It also helps to develop cognitive skills, such as improved memory, problem-solving abilities, and creativity. For businesses and organizations, being able to communicate with clients and customers in their native language can build trust, establish rapport, and increase sales.
In addition to the practical benefits, multilingualism also plays a crucial role in promoting diversity, inclusivity, and understanding. It allows people to communicate and connect with others from different backgrounds and cultures, breaking down barriers and fostering empathy and respect.
Overall, in a globalized world where cross-cultural communication is essential, multilingualism is a valuable asset that can enhance personal and professional opportunities, foster diversity and inclusivity, and promote understanding and respect between people of different cultures and languages.
References
Alladi, S., Bak, T. H., Duggirala, V., Surampudi, B., Shailaja, M., Shukla, A. K., Chaudhuri, J. R., Kaul, S., & Meenakshi-Sundaram, S. (2013). Bilingualism delays age at onset of dementia, independent of education and immigration status. Neurology, 81(22), 1938-1944.
Bak, T. H., Nissan, J. J., Allerhand, M. M., & Deary, I. J. (2014). Does bilingualism influence cognitive aging? Annals of Neurology, 75(6), 959-963.
Dewaele, J. M., Chen, X., Padilla, A. M., & Lake, J. (2018). The effects of multilingualism on personality traits and linguistic practices. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39(10), 867-880.
Dey, M. (2021). Psychological processes in language learning and teaching: Scoping review and future research directions. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 3(2), 105-110.
Grosjean, F. (2010). Bilingual: Life and reality. Harvard University Press.
Kramsch, C. (2009). The multilingual subject. Oxford University Press.
Marian, V., & Shook, A. (2012). The cognitive benefits of being bilingual. Cerebrum, 2012, 13.
Ryan, E. B., & Giles, H. (Eds.). (2008). The Routledge handbook of language and intercultural communication. Routledge.
Wei, L., & Moyer, M. G. (2008). The Blackwell guide to research methods in bilingualism and multilingualism. Blackwell Publishing
Identity as a Legal Concept & Economic Identity
Full text linkIdentity is a multifaceted concept with various meanings and interpretations. In a legal context, identity refers to the characteristics and attributes that define an individual or entity, which are recognized and regulated by law. Identity is a crucial legal concept because it determines an individual\u27s rights, privileges, and obligations under the law. Legal identity is created through the process of identification, which involves providing evidence of one\u27s personal attributes, such as name, age, and nationality, to establish legal recognition. Identity documents, such as passports and birth certificates, are essential tools for establishing legal identity, and their issuance and recognition are regulated by national and international legal frameworks. Legal identity is fundamental to access essential services, such as healthcare, education, and financial services. It is also necessary for exercising civil and political rights, such as voting and freedom of movement. Therefore, ensuring universal legal identity is critical for promoting inclusivity and reducing social and economic inequality.
References
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Asif, M., Pasha, M. A., Shafiq, S., & Craine, I. (2022). Economic Impacts of Post COVID-19. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 56-65.
Asif, M., Khan, A., & Pasha, M. A. (2019). Psychological capital of employees’ engagement: moderating impact of conflict management in the financial sector of Pakistan. Glob. Soc. Sci. Rev. IV, 160-172.
Breen, R., & Jonas O. J. (2005). "Inequality of Opportunity in Comparative Perspective: Recent Research on Educational Attainment and Social Mobility." Annual Review of Sociology, 31(1), 223-243.
Corak, M. (2013) "Income Inequality, Equality of Opportunity, and Intergenerational Mobility." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(3), 79-102.
Department of Homeland Security. "Biometric Identification." Department of Homeland Security, 2018, https://www.dhs.gov/biometric-identification.
Dey, M. (2021). Psychological processes in language learning and teaching: Scoping review and future research directions. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 3(2), 105-110.
Dittmar, H. (2014). "The Social Psychology of Material Possessions: To Have Is to Be." Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 471-491.
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A Case study of Change Management Strategy in an Optical Business in Dubai, UAE
Full text linkWhenever an organisation tries to transform, people often oppose. Experienced managers are fully aware of this truth, yet surprisingly few take the effort to determine who would reject the change attempt and why prior to an organisational change. On the other hand, managers all too frequently rely on a straightforward set of notions based on prior experiences. This constrained strategy may cause significant issues. Because there are so many possible ways that people and organisations may respond to change, accurate assessments frequently need careful thought.
When people don\u27t grasp the implications of a change and think it will cost them significantly more money than it will save them, they become resistant to it. These circumstances frequently arise when there is a lack of confidence between the change-initiating party and the workforce. This study looks into a Dubai, United Arab Emirates-based optical company that lost one store as a result of poor strategy change management.
Keywords: Optical Business, Change Management, Business Strategy, Planning, Organizing, Controlling, Motivating.
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Deconstructing the Barriers to ASRH in Contemporary Ghana
Full text linkAdolescent Sexual Reproductive Health (ASRH) is crucial for the physical, emotional, and social well-being of adolescents. The paper aims to identify the barriers to ASRH in Ghana and suggest potential measures to address these challenges. The paper argues that socio-cultural and gender norms that stifle the rights and voices of adolescents, particularly adolescent girls regarding their sexuality, are a significant factor exacerbating other barriers to ASRH in Ghana. These norms perceive adolescents as inexperienced and lacking agency in their sexuality, consequently disregarding their voices. In addition to these norms, other barriers to ASRH in Ghana include inadequate ASRH education within and outside of schools, limited access to ASRH services and products, absence of adolescent-friendly sexual reproductive health services, and the high cost of sexual reproductive health services and contraceptives. These barriers put adolescents at a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS, as well as other problems like unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions in Ghana. To address these challenges, the paper suggests several potential measures such as increasing access to affordable SRH services and products, improving ASRH education within schools, creating adolescent-friendly sexual reproductive health services, and promoting gender equality by empowering adolescent girls.
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