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The Impact of Language and Culture on International Business Negotiations: A Conceptual Study of Nigerian Entrepreneurs
Get PDFIn the age of global trade, business negotiations today are more complex than ever, as language and cultural barriers can impact the outcome of international negotiations. And for entrepreneurs in Nigeria, these issues are compounded, especially when it comes to foreign partners. The article is a conceptual analysis of how language and culture influence international business negotiations using Nigerian entrepreneurs as a focal point. Based on important concepts from the cross-cultural communication and cultural intelligence fields, the paper develops a theoretical model which connects linguistic acumen and cultural sensitivity with negotiation strategies and negotiation performance. One unique aspect of this study is the Nigerian environment in which it is situated and the implications presented can benefit entrepreneurs facing various contextual settings abroad. Implications include methods for improving cultural intelligence, employing flexible communication styles and gaining cross-cultural competence in order to negotiate effectively. The study offers relevant insights to Nigerian entrepreneurs, international business practitioners and policymakers as they confront the intricacies of inter-country negotiations in a highly globalized world
Contemporary Issues in The Governance and Management of Natural Resources in India
Get PDFThis research focuses on the governance and management of natural resources in India, with particular attention to issues of mismanagement and unequal distribution. It examines whether disparities in resource allocation exist across various regions and investigates the effectiveness of government interventions aimed at addressing these imbalances. Through a comprehensive analysis of policy frameworks, resource allocation patterns, and case studies, the study seeks to evaluate the government’s success in ensuring equitable and sustainable management of natural resources. Ultimately, the objective of this research is to assess how effectively the Indian government is navigating the challenges of resource management to promote fair distribution and address environmental and societal needs
Prevalence of Gender Dysphoria and its Association with Subjective Wellbeing and Academic Performance among Adults
Get PDFDespite its seriousness, gender dysphoria has been a relatively under-researched area. Literature has convincingly demonstrated that the individual experiencing the gender dysphoria are usually low in subjective well-being and so with academic performance. The primary objective was to examine the prevalence of gender identity dissatisfaction and its association with subjective well-being and academic performance. A cross-sectional survey design was used with a sample of 607 university students (300 males, 307 females) aged 18 to 37. Data were collected using the Gender Identity Questionnaire, Subjective Well-Being Scale, and Academic Self-Efficacy Scale. Statistical analysis using SPSS revealed an inverse relationship between gender identity dissatisfaction, subjective well-being, and academic performance. Results depicted the positive relation between gender dysphoria and subjective well-being as well as gender dysphoria and academic performance. The prevalence of gender identity dissatisfaction was 12%, with 3.29% of participants reporting extreme dissatisfaction. These findings highlight the need for further exploration of gender identity issues in educational settings
Influence of Social Media in Promoting Radicalization, Extremism and Terrorism in Pakistan: Case Study of PTI and BYC
Get PDFSocial media can be subsumed in the pandemic metaphor that encompasses the proliferating environment for radicalization, extremism, and terrorism like parasites. The research problem examined in this study pertains to the ambiguous causal influence of social media in promoting extremist behaviors within particular social and political contexts, especially in Pakistan. Several studies have reported social media as a platform for the above-listed activities; however, a causative link between social media and the facilitation of indecent activities remains to be established. This study reports several factors that are facilitating digital spaces for terrorism, extremism, and radicalization by working on an investigative approach. It employs a mixed-methods approach, which combines both qualitative interviews with social media users and experts, as well as quantitative analysis of social media content and engagement metrics. Moreover, this paper examines case studies of PTI and BYC and the tactics they employ to achieve their desired results. Through a systematic review that incorporates both qualitative interviews and quantitative data analysis, the study examines the patterns of social media engagement, the correlation between social media and real-world practices of radicalization, and, foremost, the role of algorithmic magnification. The finding indicates that digital environment aids radicalization with diverse patterns observed across individuals depending on their locations and socio-political backgrounds. Namely, the behavior patterns of different individuals and groups, as well as their engagement with extremist content and the algorithmic propagation of such content, vary, manipulating the trajectory of radicalization in inimitable ways. This highlights the multifaceted nature of the digital front and its impact on extremist behaviors while necessitating tailored interventions and stringent policy response. The results underscore past studies that have been lacking and relate social media to a theatre of propaganda, as this carries a cofactor of digital radicalization, extremism, and terrorism, which has implications for societal stability. It also highlights the imperative for tailored policy actions to combat digital radicalization. The paper recommends that authorities prioritize algorithm accountability, regulate political digital campaigns, and invest in counter-narrative initiatives to maintain societal stability and prevent the misuse of internet platforms
The Impact of Descriptive Technologies in the Russia-Ukraine War on Poland’s National Security
Get PDFThe Russia-Ukraine war has ushered in an era where descriptive technologies play a central role in shaping military outcomes and national security policies. This paper examines how technologies such as satellite surveillance, AI-driven analytics, and cyber intelligence are influencing the dynamics of the conflict and, by extension, Poland's security posture. Using neorealism as the theoretical lens, the study analyzes Poland's strategic adaptations, including military modernization and increased investment in open-source intelligence (OSINT). Through qualitative analysis of policy reports, OSINT platforms, and case studies, the paper highlights how Poland is leveraging technology to reinforce its defenses amid a volatile geopolitical landscape
Self Esteem Level and its Associated Factors in Undergraduate Students, University of Swat Kpk, Pakistan
Get PDFThis study is conducted to estimate the self-esteem level of undergraduate students of University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Stratified random sampling method is used to identify the representative sample from the population. Education department are considered as strata, and sample are selected from each stratum. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) is used to assess the self-esteem level of selected students. A structure questionnaire along with the scale is distributed among selected students for data collection. The collected data is presented by Tables, and binary regression model is used to identify the significant factor associated with level of self-esteem. The study show that 61.50% students have normal self-esteem and 38.50% student have low self-esteem. The result of binary regression model shows that academic performance and gender are significantly associated with self-esteem level
Threads of Meaning: Exploring Brand Identity through Language in Pakistan’s Clothing Industry
Get PDFThe study analyzes the language used by the Pakistani clothing brands, Generation andSapphire on Instagram that they use to construct their identities by selling their products inan age where branding goes hand in hand with storytelling. This research incorporates bothqualitative and quantitative methodology by focusing on brands’ posts from January-April2025. The study uses the framework of CADS to identify the linguistic patterns that may notbe seen manually, and Identity Theory to understand and analyze the social positioning ofthe brands. The study highlights that besides being marketing tools, the advertising strategiesof these clothing brands shape and influence consumer identity and perception by using thelanguage that reflects aspirational values, by reinforcing social belonging and values, and bythe strategic use of verbal discourse. The findings show that each brand constructs identityin different ways. Sapphire constructs brand identity through supporting and softeningnarratives of elegance and sophistication. Whereas, Generation portrays itself as a culturallyrooted,timeless, women-empowering clothing brand. This study fulfills a research gap inlinguistic branding by illustrating how language sustains identity construction in Pakistan’semerging online marketing by not only studying the corporate identity construction of thebrands but also the consumers’ social identity that the brands construct by aligning theconsumers’ perception with the brands’ ideas and values. This research also contributes tothe scope of sociolinguistics and corpus theory by applying identity theory to the commercialand digital domain, using CADS to analyze multimodal marketing, and by introducingPakistani brand discourse into global sociolinguistic conversation
Exploring Sustainability in Pakistan: A Data-Driven Analysis of Economic, Social, and Environmental Performance (2014-2024)
Get PDFThis paper analyzes sustainable development in Pakistan by examining economic, social, and environmental capital assets from 2014 to 2024. It explores past progress, status, and future challenges in sustainability. Since adopting the National Conservation Strategy Post-Agenda 21 (1992), Pakistan has implemented reforms aligned with global sustainability goals. Despite these efforts, economic growth challenges, weak policy implementation, low human capital investment, and unsustainable industrial practices hinder long-term progress. Utilizing the frameworks of the Brundtland Commission Report (1987) and Pearce and Warford (1993), this study constructs a Sustainability Development Index (SDI) through Factor Analysis and applies Newey–West regression for statistical robustness. GDP growth and literacy significantly enhance sustainability, while trade imbalances and deforestation negatively impact it. CO? emissions have a positive but complex association, reflecting current industrial growth within Pakistan’s sustainability context, though this poses long-term environmental risk. The study highlights the crucial role of efficient governance, integrated policies, and adaptive regulations. This study concludes that Pakistan’s path to sustainability hinges not merely on economic growth but requires a governance-led, integrated policy approach simultaneously strengthening human capital, correcting trade imbalances, and enforcing environmental conservation
The Epistemic Gaps in Thomas Verny's Theory of Prenatal Psychology: A Critique and Current Reflection
Get PDFThis article examines the epistemological gaps in Thomas Verny's influential theory of prenatal psychology, particularly in his seminal work, The Secret Life of the Unborn Child. Although Verny was a pioneer in underscoring the importance of the intrauterine environment in emotional development, his theory presents significant limitations when contrasted with contemporary developmental neuroscience and molecular biology. The study employs a critical conceptual analysis framework, contrasting Verny's central hypotheses with high-impact, peer-reviewed literature selected using rigorous inclusion criteria (longitudinal studies and the use of objective biomarkers). Key gaps identified include: the scarcity of robust empirical evidence supporting claims about conscious fetal emotional perception (contradicted by the developmental timetable of the thalamocortical pathway), the lack of integration of genetic and epigenetic factors (failing to account for placental cortisol mediation and NR3C1 methylation), and the underestimation of cultural and socioeconomic diversity (overlooking the role of social determinants of health in toxic stress exposure). The results suggest that prenatal psychology must advance toward a multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial model, prioritizing longitudinal research with objective biomarkers (fetal neuroimaging and epigenetic analysis). It is concluded that while Verny's theory was crucial for raising public and clinical awareness, a comprehensive theoretical and clinical update grounded in mechanistic, inclusive scientific research is required to ensure the field's academic validity and reduce the risk of maternal culpabilization
Analysis of English Language Errors of Pakistani Dyslexic Students at Elementary Level
Get PDFDyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that significantly affects learners’ reading and writing abilities, particularly in second or foreign language contexts. In Pakistan, limited awareness, inadequate institutional support, and insufficient teacher training have further intensified the academic challenges faced by dyslexic learners. This study investigates the types and frequency of English language writing errors made by Pakistani dyslexic students at the elementary level, using the theoretical framework of Error Analysis proposed by Pit Corder. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from a corpus of written paragraphs produced by dyslexic students aged 11–13 years studying in public sector schools. Following a systematic screening process, students were asked to write a paragraph on a familiar topic, which was then analyzed for linguistic errors. The identified errors were classified into categories including spelling, punctuation, word omission, prepositions, articles, verbs, and word addition. The findings reveal that spelling errors constitute the most frequent error type, followed by word omission and prepositional errors, indicating serious difficulties in orthographic processing and grammatical structuring. Many errors were influenced by first language interference, limited vocabulary, weak grammatical awareness, and cognitive constraints associated with dyslexia. The study highlights the urgent need for dyslexia-sensitive instructional strategies, remedial teaching programs, and curriculum adjustments tailored to the linguistic needs of dyslexic learners. By identifying error patterns and their underlying causes, this research contributes to applied linguistics literature and provides practical implications for teachers, syllabus designers, and policymakers seeking to promote inclusive and effective English language education in Pakistan