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'Indian Ink: Francesco Clemente, Allen Ginsberg and the Kalakshetra Press'
Get PDFFrancesco Clemente’s life and art have been governed by movement and change, but also by processes of exchange. His geographical crossings – principally from Italy to New York and India – are reflected in the scope of his art, which makes reference to an exceptionally diverse range of cultures and traditions, continually reinventing itself by drawing on thought and vision both ancient and modern. It is an art that refuses to exist in isolation, and nowhere is this clearer than in the vital role that collaboration – with other artists, writers, craftspeople, editors and publishers – has played in many of his projects. Clemente’s book collaborations are a defining aspect of his artwork in that they illuminate his intellectual processes. What he contributes is never merely illustration to accompany words on a page; rather, he engages in a dialogue between word and image, with both sides forming an inextricable part of the aesthetic experience of the book as a whole.
Focussing on books printed in India, this chapter demonstrates the ways in which Clemente has rethought the space of the book from conception through to production, as both artist and editor. It firstly considers *White Shroud* (1984), Clemente’s collaboration with Allen Ginsberg, for which Clemente created a series of watercolours around a handwritten copy of Ginsberg’s poem. Attention is given to Clemente’s forms of representation, and their relations both to Ginsberg’s words and to their Indian context; whilst the material form of the book (1111 copies in differing hand-coloured cloths) is read as playing an integral part in its meaning.
*White Shroud* marked Clemente’s first collaboration with the Kalakshetra Press in Madras, and the chapter moves on to consider the artist’s role, together with Raymond Foye, as editor and publisher of Hanuman Books, which were again printed by Kalakshetra. The press specialised in printing Hindu prayer books, and the Hanuman Books were inspired by this format, echoing the miniature size, hand-setting, and use of local Indian materials, including cotton paper and vegetable dyes. The appearance correlates with the independent spirit and often mystical subject matter of the 50 Hanuman titles printed between 1986 and 1993. These include artists’ writings, contemporary poetry, philosophy (including a translation of René Guénon’s *Oriental Metaphysics*), as well as many of the countercultural literary authors for whom the East represented a new source of creativity in the post-War period (there is even a pirated edition of Jack Kerouac’s *Manhattan Sketches*).
Whereas *White Shroud* was published with the affluent consumer in mind (reflected in its high price and gallery distribution), the Hanuman editors anticipated an altogether more bohemian readership, and the books were distributed from the Chelsea Hotel in New York, with launches sometimes tying in with avant-garde poetry readings. The dynamics of these movements, collaborations, and exchanges, and above all the resultant multidimensional spaces of the books themselves, are held up for scrutiny
"Lines in space: The subversive dynamism of Alexander Calder's mobiles"
Get PDFA review of *Alexander Calder: Performing Sculpture* at Tate Modern
Private Tutoring in Egypt: Quality Education in a Deadlock between Low Income, Status and Motivation
Get PDFEgypt is facing a major challenge regarding the quality of its primary education. One of the crucial problems of the Egyptian education system is private tutoring. Private tutoring is not to be considered negative per se if it is based on the student’s or parents’ motivation to improve knowledge about the subject, even for competitive reasons. However, this paper focuses on a form of private tutoring, where a teacher deliberately reduces his teaching quality and either directly or indirectly forces students to participate in his private classes. Based on a large and original dataset, the paper identifies the main driving forces for this type of private tutoring and uses them to develop an analytical model. This model serves to formulate and evaluate a set of policies, which will help reduce private tutoring and improve the quality of primary education in Egypt
State-dependent stochastic stability and the non-existence of conventions
Get PDFArising from criticism in the literature and focusing on 2x2 coordination games, the concept of stochastic stability is extended to take account of state dependent error and sample sizes. Both, error and sample size are expected to be correlated with the loss that occurred, if a player chooses a non-best response strategy. The state independent and state dependent predictions determine the same Stochastically Stable State (SSS) if the game’s pay-off matrix exhibits a form of symmetry, or if only the relative potential loss from idiosyncratic play defines the state dependent variable. Predictions may differ if neither of these conditions is met. In addition, the paper raises a second crucial point. Even if these conditions are met, the minimum stochastic potential is only a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the evolution of an SSS. The SSS must further be sufficiently risk dominant, otherwise no convention will evolv
Medical Ethics in Qiṣāṣ (Eye-for-an-Eye) Punishment: An Islamic view; an examination of acid throwing
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Comparing the Effectiveness of Waqf and English Charitable Trusts
Get PDFThis study examines the determinants of effectiveness in contemporary Waqf and permanent trusts, particularly in the context of English socio-legal environment. The paper employs a qualitative research approach to analyse a mix of primary and secondary data. Finally, it provides a list of critical policy recommendations for the enhancement of effectiveness in contemporary Awqāf particularly in the United Kingdom
Religion and Legitimacy in Development: A Case Study on Islamic Relief and its Comparative Advantage in Sudan
Get PDFIn this paper, Faizan Polani begins by skilfully exploring the definitions and typologies of FBOs, discovering a nuanced spectrum of understanding and classification among academics and scholars and carefully differentiating their applied value and method of categorisation, going further to apply these meanings to Islamic Relief. He then goes on to contribute to the broader discourse of sacred authority in humanitarian environments through his research examining religion and legitimacy in development within a singular setting, namely Sudan. Using Islamic Relief’s programmatic activities as a vehicle to access urban and rural development projects in the Sudan, Faizan has formulated this case study. Drawing on this field research, conducted with substantive support from Islamic Relief - Sudan, Faizan thus explored how the influence of religion within these communities carries authority in international development settings, both within rights-holder communities and among those in authority over those communities. His findings have the potential to build into broader geographical exploration across the developing world, in order to map the importance and value of religion and legitimacy in development