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‘How can you feel guilty for colonialism? it is a folly’: colonial memory in the Italian populist radical right
Get PDFThis paper draws attention to the role of colonial memory in the Italian populist radical right. Italy’s colonial past has been long confined on the fringes of memory in Italian politics and in the Italian public debate. While recent academic attention has been devoted to the selective colonial memory transpiring from Italian cultural products, scarce attention has been paid to colonial memory in contemporary Italian political parties’ discourse. Therefore, by applying Critical Discourse Analysis to semistructured interviews with Italian populist radical right representatives from the Lega and Fratelli d’Italia (FdI), this paper aims at investigating which role colonial memory plays in these parties’ discourse. This paper argues that the Lega and FdI reproduce colonial discourse in constructing the image of the contemporary immigrant Other. At the same time, they forge a selective memory of Italy’s colonial past, cleansed from its most
controversial aspects
Aesop, intermediality and graphic satire, c. 1740
Get PDFThis chapter considers political satire as a mode of visual representation. It focuses on a group of prints that were published in London between 1737 and 1741. When the prints were published, towards the end of Sir Robert Walpole’s premiership, they entered a dynamic market for locally produced and politically motivated imagery. Yet they stand out from contemporary production because they use animals to represent political arguments; in so doing, they offer a novel form of aesopian-inspired fable imagery.
The prints are known collectively as The European Race and they were designed to critique Walpole’s attitude to foreign policy. The animals are used to stand in for European nations and to act as spokesmen for their respective interests. Their choice (the lion, fox, eagle, bear, boar, and elephant) reveal their derivation from the Aesopian fable. Aesopian beastiaries offered graphic satirists a practical way of visualizing the complexities of international politics, yet art historians have traditionally downplayed their significance. Typically, the animal is understood as an emblem i.e. as a flat device that is symbolic of a fixed character. The chapter shows how aesopian animality offered imaginative and interactive forms that enhanced the satirical characterization of the figures they were associated with. The animal politicians provide subtle and witty codifications for the shifting alliances and competitive tensions operating between different European nations. Furthermore, the prints were sponsored by the Tories and their ‘dream-vision’ animal iconographies seem to be mediating a contemporary mode of political writing that was being channelled through the Tory press.
Overall, the prints offer fascinating perspectives on the ‘intermediality’ of British graphic satire in the mid-eighteenth century. They point to the flexibility of an established mode of political satire that had been popular in England since the late seventeenth century but which had circulated as unillustrated verses or pamphlets. Now though, with a lively public sphere stimulating the publication of cross-party graphic satire, satirical fables could make sense as satirical images and they could be successfully commodified by the print market. The appearance of the European Race during a period marked by the ascendancy of French power in Europe suggests that, rather than circulating as narrow national forms, aesopian related satire allowed local political tensions to be cast within an international frame of reference. Furthermore, the visual identity of the prints as refined and sophisticated graphic products that were designed by French and British artists, offer a further illustration of their cross-cultural connections. The chapter, therefore, explores intermediality and the satirical image, paying attention to ideas of movement across borders, across genres and across time
The Right and Wrong Kinds of Motivations: An Argument against the Humean Theory of Motivation
Get PDFDigital twin technologies, architecture, and applications: a comprehensive systematic review and bibliometric analysis
Get PDFDigital Twins, as a suite of technologies is progressively developing significant momentum in several fields of study. Various research works have been conducted outlining the concept, the underlying technologies, general and context-specific architectures, and applications. This study has been undertaken to identify relevant research areas, key authors, publishers, and geographical distribution of publications on digital twins through a systematic review and bibliometric analysis, to inform the trajectories of future research in the field. A keyword-based search for journals was first conducted in Web of Science Core Collection to obtain documents relevant for this study, and a systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliometric analysis was then performed on the extracted data using the VOSviewer software. The Tableau software and Microsoft Excel were also used to analyse and visualise some of insights derived from the analysis
Modernism
Get PDFStarting with Hardy, who stands at the beginning of the period of modernism as broadly conceived, this chapter considers how a sample of writers (Hardy, Tolstoy, Sinclair, Grahame, London, Saki, Williamson, Lawrence, Golding) – almost none of them vegetarians, but all manifesting elements of a vegan consciousness as equally broadly conceived – explored the category of the human in relation to its treatment of non-human animals. Thus focused, the chapter complements the considerable body of work that has already been done on modernist literary representations of animals per se (by critics including Margot Norris and Carrie Rohman). It argues that the texts discussed, albeit frequently morally-conflicted, may through their effects on readers practically conduce to, as well as imaginatively construct, that more vegan future which would avoid the worst threatened effects of climate change, pandemic generation, and antibiotics resistance
Towards quantum simulations in particle physics and beyond on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices
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Thought and reality in Marx's early writings on ancient philosophy
Get PDFThere is little agreement about Marx's aims, or even his basic claims, in his Notebooks on Epicurean Philosophy and Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature. Marx has been read as an idealist, or as a materialist; as praising Epicurus, or as criticizing him. Some have read Marx as using ancient philosophers as proxies in a contemporary debate, without demonstrating how he does so in detail. I show that Marx's dialectical reading of Epicurus's atomism aims at transcending the dichotomy between idealism and materialism; that on Marx's reading Epicurus deserves praise for thinking through atomism to its “highest” conclusion, but criticism for not embracing this conclusion; and that Marx's intervention in contemporary debates takes the form of revealing a dialectical relationship between “liberal” and “positive” philosophers. I conclude that the importance of these texts is to be located in their original stance on the problematic of the relation of thought to reality, common to what Marx finds in ancient philosophy and in his contemporary environment
