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Studying the phase diagram of the three-flavor Schwinger model in the presence of a chemical potential with measurement- and gate-based quantum computing
Full text linkWe propose an ansatz quantum circuit for the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), suitable for exploring the phase structure of the multi-flavor Schwinger model in the presence of a chemical potential. Our ansatz is capable of incorporating relevant model symmetries via constrains on the parameters, and can be implemented on circuit-based as well as measurement-based quantum devices. We show via classical simulation of the VQE that our ansatz is able to capture the phase structure of the model, and can approximate the ground state to a high level of accuracy. Moreover, we perform proof-of-principle simulations on superconducting, gate-based quantum hardware. Our results show that our approach is suitable for current gate-based quantum devices, and can be readily implemented on measurement-based quantum devices once available
The Narratives of Counter-terrorism and the Prospects of EU-China Security Cooperation
No full textThis paper delves into the implications of narratives surrounding China's counter-terrorism policy in Xinjiang on EU-China relations. Economic ties have been affected, leading to the suspension of the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment. Security cooperation has also been hindered as China's counter-terrorism narratives reinforce concerns about its potential threat to European values and security interests. The paper acknowledges the limited substantive security cooperation between the EU and China despite a shared concern for terrorism. It explores the potential for collaboration in a multilateral setting, highlighting the challenges posed by divergent values and the conflation of narratives between counter-terrorism and forced labor. The depiction of China as a threat to the liberal world order further complicates the prospects for EU-China security cooperation. Ultimately, the paper contributes to the discussion on the need for enhanced cooperation amidst the complexities of international security
The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, Sydenham, and St Petersburg
Full text linkThis chapter describes the early 1860s dispute between the radical Russian philosopher Nikolai Chernyshevsky and the anti-radical Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky, as centred on their contrasting responses to the Crystal Palace built for the Great Exhibition in London in 1851. The Palace represented the cutting edge of modernity of the country that itself represented technological and social progress to Westernising Russians. By the same token it represented a sinister totalitarianism to Dostoevsky, who rightly identified in the younger generation of radicals who admired it the seeds of the Revolution that was eventually to come. Both went to London to visit the Russian expatriate philosopher Alexander Herzen, who tried but ultimately failed to keep the more conservative and more revolutionary wings of Russian reformism working together, and whose thoughts about London influenced Dostoevsky’s own. Moreover Dostoevsky’s visit coincided with the 1862 World Exhibition, which horrified him in the same way as the Crystal Palace (by then rebuilt in Sydenham), and which like the Great Exhibition had a cosmopolitan ethos which Slavophiles such as he rejected, and which Britain has arguably since lost
Information and Communications Technology Law in Changing Times
No full textThe articles in this special issue arise from papers presented at the Socio-Legal Studies Association Annual Conference in
York in 2022 and Portsmouth in 2023
John Milton’s Paradise Lost Mourned a Revolution Betrayed
Full text linkAn article on the significance of poetry for dark times, relating the conditions in which John Milton wrote Paradise Lost, and then two related anecdotes from teaching in prison, in which students helped me to understand how poetry might provide consolation in times of political defeat and despair
Wittgenstein and Artificial Intelligence, Volume II: Values and Governance
No full textThe two volumes on Wittgenstein and AI aim to trace and suggest Wittgensteinian influences in some of the most cutting-edge areas of research in Artificial Intelligence (such as Computation, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing and the use of automation in legal settings). The collection is driven by an essentially interdisciplinary approach, featuring articles from philosophers, computer scientists and legal scholars, writing on a broad range of topics in AI.
The chapters across these two volumes are grouped into two sets of themes: Mind and Language and Value and Governance. These themes correspond to two major areas of research in the philosophical study of AI: the computational mind and the ethics of artificial intelligence. These volumes make a significant and unprecedented contribution to the question of what Wittgenstein’s philosophy can offer to the ever-growing field of AI. It aims to provide insight for both philosophers and non-philosophers alike, offering reflection on the significance of Wittgenstein’s work for AI, and on the implications of advancements in AI technology for Wittgenstein’s philosophy and philosophy influenced by Wittgenstein.
VOLUME II: Wittgenstein and AI (Volume II): Value and Governance. This volume includes chapters on ethical AI, rules in AI, rules and the law, human-AI interaction, the moral implications of robotics and the status of AI art
Recent Advances in Ammonia Synthesis Modeling and Experiments on Metal Nitrides and Other Catalytic Surfaces
Full text linkIn this review, we explore the recent progress in catalytic materials for the ammonia syntheses that are based on metal nitrides and other catalytic surfaces. It comprises a detailed overlook of the various techniques used in ammonia synthesis research and the state-of-the-art modeling techniques employed to investigate new reaction mechanisms and more efficient processes for sustainable ammonia synthesis production. The review is discussed in the context of the reaction mechanisms developed and the recent progress that has been made with respect to thermal, electrochemical, and photocatalytic ammonia synthesis
Introduction to Contemporary Sustainable Organisational Practices
No full textIn an era where sustainability transcends from being merely a broad discussion point, the ‘Contemporary Sustainable Organizational Practices: A Roadmap to Transformation’ volume arrives at a timely compendium. The volume discusses critical operational and strategic imperatives authored by key experts within the field, and accordingly the book entails a diverse array of theoretical and practical perspectives and insights related to contemporary organizational practices. The contents of the book are organized into two Parts, each serving as a beacon for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers alike in navigating the complexities of sustainable practices.
The first Part attempts to present theoretical or notional concepts related to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria, setting a robust foundation for understanding the multifaceted nature of sustainability. Accordingly, readers are invited to explore the notion of systemic thinking and its usefulness for reducing complexities associated with sustainability. Moreover, the role of organisational leadership at the board level in nurturing organizational practices, and the relationship between a variety of characteristics of boards and the need for consistently high sustainability performance are discussed. In addition, this Part includes chapters that elaborate on other pertinent sustainability concepts such as gender diversity, modern slavery, and the measuring of the social impacts of organizational operations and practices. The second Part attempts to provide a transition from theory to practice, showcasing a variety of research attempts in various contexts of ESG and the sustainability more broadly. These chapters offer narratives on the application of various techniques and approaches that support organizations in responding to sustainability-related challenges. The chapters in this Part highlight the application of selected technologies in facilitating sustainable practices in selected contexts, to a number of research attempts in the built environment, waste management, and aviation sectors.
In summary, this book serves as a valuable resource in highlighting the latest developments in the broad area of sustainability and offering a wide range of theoretical and practical chapters, each of which provide useful insights to support and promote sustainability in today’s ever-changing commercial landscape.
The editors
Deeper but smaller: Higher-order interactions increase linear stability but shrink basins
Full text linkA key challenge of nonlinear dynamics and network science is to understand how higher-order
interactions influence collective dynamics. Although many studies have approached this question
through linear stability analysis, less is known about how higher-order interactions shape the global
organization of different states. Here, we shed light on this issue by analyzing the rich patterns
supported by identical Kuramoto oscillators on hypergraphs. We show that higher-order interactions can have opposite effects on linear stability and basin stability: they stabilize twisted states
(including full synchrony) by improving their linear stability, but also make them hard to find
by dramatically reducing their basin size. Our results highlight the importance of understanding
higher-order interactions from both local and global perspectives
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of GS-441524 using Density Functional Theory, FTIR, Raman and UV-VIS Spectroscopy
Full text linkGS-441524, a 1′ substituted C glycoside and an adenosine analogue, exhibits broad antiviral activity against RNA viruses.
Previous research has primarily concentrated on its antiviral properties for humans and animals. Vibrational and electronic
spectroscopy can enhance our understanding of its structure and function and serve as valuable tools in detection techniques
and kinetic studies. In this paper, we employed IR and Raman spectroscopy to study its solid form, and UV-VIS
spectroscopy to examine its aqueous solution. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to analyze the
spectra. Specifically, we evaluated the DFT functionals B3LYP, BP86, and CAM-B3LYP in conjunction with the basis
sets 6-31G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), and 6-311++G(d,p). The largest basis set, 6-311++G(d,p), performed significantly better
than the smaller ones in reproducing the experimental results. The BP86 functional most accurately reproduced the
vibrational spectra, while B3LYP best matched the electronic spectra. By increasing the basis set size, disregarding the
Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA), and accounting for solvent effects using the polarizable continuum model, the
wavelength, λmax, of the largest peak in the UV-VIS calculations, shifted (increased) by 2, 7.5, and 18 nm towards the experimental value, respectively