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Geopolitics of energy security in Europe and beyond
Get PDFIt has been more than a century since geography married political science and a field known as geopolitics emerged. For the
It has been more than a century since geography married political science and a field known as geopolitics emerged. For the
It has been more than a century since geography married political science and a field known as geopolitics emerged. For the
most part, the ‘marriage’ has been fruitful and especially the early years have become associated with Mackinder’s ground-
most part, the ‘marriage’ has been fruitful and especially the early years have become associated with Mackinder’s ground-
most part, the ‘marriage’ has been fruitful and especially the early years have become associated with Mackinder’s ground-
breaking work ‘The Geographical Pivot of History’ (1904)1 . While the de facto term ‘geopolitics’ was not coined until some time
breaking work ‘The Geographical Pivot of History’ (1904)1 . While the de facto term ‘geopolitics’ was not coined until some time
breaking work ‘The Geographical Pivot of History’ (1904)1 . While the de facto term ‘geopolitics’ was not coined until some time
thereafter some of the key milestones in the field were compiled around the turn of the 20th century. This period coincided with
thereafter some of the key milestones in the field were compiled around the turn of the 20th century. This period coincided with
thereafter some of the key milestones in the field were compiled around the turn of the 20th century. This period coincided with
the Russo-Japanese imperial war, which drew the United Kingdom into the geopolitics of the Far East on account of the Anglo-
the Russo-Japanese imperial war, which drew the United Kingdom into the geopolitics of the Far East on account of the Anglo-
the Russo-Japanese imperial war, which drew the United Kingdom into the geopolitics of the Far East on account of the Anglo-
Japanese Alliance of 1901. The advancements of technology increased geographic proximity, turning imperial Russia into a
Japanese Alliance of 1901. The advancements of technology increased geographic proximity, turning imperial Russia into a
Japanese Alliance of 1901. The advancements of technology increased geographic proximity, turning imperial Russia into a
major geopolitical actor on the Eurasian continent, urging powers from farther away to vie for a role in this new world order
major geopolitical actor on the Eurasian continent, urging powers from farther away to vie for a role in this new world order
major geopolitical actor on the Eurasian continent, urging powers from farther away to vie for a role in this new world order
construction. The geopolitical theorising of the emerging power constellations, the decline of old empires and the rise of new
construction. The geopolitical theorising of the emerging power constellations, the decline of old empires and the rise of new
construction. The geopolitical theorising of the emerging power constellations, the decline of old empires and the rise of new
unions and alliances, grew pertinent. The scholarly literature at this time, especially Mackinder’s Heartland Theory, influenced
unions and alliances, grew pertinent. The scholarly literature at this time, especially Mackinder’s Heartland Theory, influenced
unions and alliances, grew pertinent. The scholarly literature at this time, especially Mackinder’s Heartland Theory, influenced
the great powers in their conduct of foreign policy. Thereafter, geopolitical thinking became indispensable to any analysis of
the great powers in their conduct of foreign policy. Thereafter, geopolitical thinking became indispensable to any analysis of
the great powers in their conduct of foreign policy. Thereafter, geopolitical thinking became indispensable to any analysis of
foreign policy and international relations
An Exploration of Gender Justice in a Post Conflict Environment: Islamic Relief’s International Development and Advocacy Programme on Preventing Violence Against Women in Iraq
Get PDFThe paper reports on a programme, consisting of three phased projects conducted by Islamic Relief Worldwide in Iraq. The aims of the programme was to provide sustainable support for vulnerable women affected by conflict and to raise awareness about increasing violence against women in the changing surroundings of post-war Iraq. The projects were instigated in 2008-2009 and impact assessed in 2012.
The first project took place in late 2008 in the Al-Khadra’a and Al-Fadil districts of Baghdad, engaging 52 women in vulnerable situations who found themselves reliant on charity as a result of the loss of ‘bread-winning’ family members. Many were widowed and responsible for orphaned children. The project consisted of support for the creation of home-based businesses and provided training in social entrepreneurship activities designed to alleviate poverty through small business enterprise, develop confidence and a sense of community through engagement and teamwork with other participants and inform them and the wider public about women’s rights. The project consisted of small workshops, craft training courses and capacity building workshops as well as educational programmes on Iraqi law, personal law, psychological health and well-being and nutrition.
The second project impacted 36 handicapped (deaf and/or dumb) women in Fallujah. Similar to the first project but with the additional challenge of working with poorly educated women, most of whom were illiterate and many able only to communicate through sign language.
The final project advocated against violence against women in Iraqi society through music, art exhibitions, workshops, advocacy and media engagement. The project impacted over 1000 participants directly, including men, women, boys and girls and was implemented at schools and in university and college departments across Baghdad in mid-2009.
This paper reports on the details of all three projects and examines the sustainable value of the projects through an impact assessment in 2012, to see, for example, if the women continue to make a living through their established cottage industries. It further examines how the women have been empowered as a result of their involvement in the projects, the importance of advocacy and campaigning within Iraq, approaches to GBV education, working with young men and analysing numerous pertinent intersections of discourse, such as GBV and disability.
Through this programme, this paper is able to explore the broader social and economic impact of conflict from a gender perspective, the changing landscape of Iraqi society and how conflict has very markedly affected gender justice in a detrimental manner. Finally, the piece provides case studies about some of the participants and their personal challenges as a consequence of vulnerability and violence within post-conflict Iraqi communities
'Francesco Clemente: the Artist as Collaborator and as Editor'
Get PDFThis paper focuses on Francesco Clemente's collaborations with Allen Ginsberg and the Kalakshetra Press
Faith-inspired Action on Gender Justice in the Muslim World: A Programmatic Approach to Empowering Communities in Conflict Environments.
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Internationalisation as a Democratic Tool: Revisiting Mexico’s Double Transition
Get PDFMexico’s double transition – democratisation and internationalisation – offers a good case study to analyse the interaction between internationalisation processes and domestic developments during transitions to democracy. This paper explains how the specific way in which Mexico linked with North America worked as a causal mechanism during the country’s democratisation. In the end, an inadequate project of internationalisation – spearheaded by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)– failed to fulfil its democratising potential
Simulating Conventions and Norms under Local Interactions and Imitation
Get PDFThis paper is based on Ille 2013. Both papers analyze the same model, but in contrast, this paper does not provide an analytical solution but rather resorts to simulations. This
allows the reader, who is familiar with the former article, to retrace the results more thoroughly and without the requirement of a sophisticated mathematical background.
Additionally, this paper illustrates the dynamics of the setting. Focus is placed on 2 × 2 Nash coordination games on a two-dimensional lattice. Players imitate the most successful player in their reference group (Moore neighborhood) in the former period. Similarly individual pay-off is only defined by the current strategic choice of this reference group.
We observe that the long-term convention is defined by a trade-off between risk and efficiency and that player population converges to the Pareto dominant though risk inferior convention for a broad range of pay-off configurations. In the case of two player populations, the long-term convention is defined by the equilibrium granting the highest benefit to one population. Consequently, conventions illustrate a tendency to be inegalitarian