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C.S. LEWIS: MODERNIST OR ANTI-MODERNIST? HIS RESPONSE TO HIS TIMES
Get PDFC.S. Lewis lived during the turbulent 20th century, a time when literature was divided between the modernists, who sought to innovate the art of writing, and the anti-modernists, conservative writers who tried to keep the classical values of the past. This paper intends to analyse the way Lewis approached the dominant literary movement of his times, modernism, both in his theoretical writings and in his fiction. It brings examples from a large variety of sources, including not only his literary essays, articles or academic works, but also his greatly loved Chronicles of Narnia or The Space Trilogy. The discussion it instigates helps better understand this author’s place inside (or outside) the literary canon and the reasons behind such a categorisation. Its novelty lies in the way it examines the primary material and especially in the question it raises: how can we situate Lewis related to his times, as an adherent to the modernist creed or a dissident
THE COMMUNICATION POLICY OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN GREECE ON THE REFUGEE ISSUE. THE CASE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER (UNHCR) IN GREECE
Get PDFThe phenomenon of refugee flows originates in antiquity, but in recent years the intensity of the phenomenon makes it a major issue of the 21st century. In this context, International Organizations play a key and decisive role in the management of migration flows, as well as in the implementation of support and integration policies for vulnerable groups. They also aim to inform and sensitize the citizens of the host countries worldwide. Their communication strategy aims to highlight the main problems faced by specific migration groups. The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and social media, such as Facebook, YouTube and Instagram are some of the media that international organizations such as the UN High Commission (UNHCR) use in their communication strategy. Over the years and since its operation the High Commissioner of the UN used different channels of communication in order to put their message across. Due to the magnitude of migration flows and the role that the UNHCR plays in Greece, the local branch was investigated. The purpose of this article is a) to explore the perceptions of people who live in Greece and the extent to which these perceptions can be influenced by the communication policy of the UN High Commission in Greece and b) to explore the communication channels that UNHCR ustilises the most and which of them has the highest impact on citizens and for which reasons. The survey was conducted with a structured questionnaire which was accessible via the internet. The questionnaire was completed by 1000 respondents. Data analysis shows that respondents believe that organisations such as UNHCR should utilize social media in order to make widely known their vision and their actions as well as in order to raise public awareness about migration. Facebook rates highest in respondents’ preferences in social media followed by Instagram, YouTube and Twitter. Additionally, respondents stated that they trust more an international organization with an active participation on social media. The research concludes that strategic communication, advertising, and dissemination of good practices are the most effective methods for transforming perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of the citizens. The example of UNHCR - Greece using Facebook, Youtube and Twitter is common with other international organisations such as International Organization of Migration (IOM), UNICEF-Greece and other national NGOs. The results show that citizens better understand the vision and goals of the organizations but are hesitant to make online donations or participate in voluntary actions
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING: STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES
Get PDFIn the field of foreign language teaching in higher education, the scope goes beyond mere language acquisition to include the cultivation of intercultural competence in both teachers and learners. The importance of intercultural competence in foreign language teaching lies in its ability to equip learners with the necessary skills to navigate successfully in diverse cultural environments, especially for students who intend to study abroad or in a multicultural context. The development of such a competence therefore enables them not only to interact effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds, but also to gain a deeper understanding of their own culture and of the cultural nuances embedded in the target language. However, developing this competence is by no means a simple matter; it requires specialised training and continuous professional development for teachers. Teachers are expected to have extensive experience, sensitivity and some knowledge of the cultural implications associated with the language being taught, which presents its own set of challenges. It is therefore essential to provide teachers with ample opportunities to interact with different cultures, to encourage them to reflect on their experiences and to critically analyse their preconceptions and assumptions about other cultures. Drawing on current research, this paper briefly outlines the theoretical underpinnings of intercultural competence in language learning and emphasises the importance of developing awareness and sensitivity for effective classroom interactions. It also discusses strategies used to promote intercultural competence in the foreign language classroom and examines the obstacles teachers face in this endeavour. In addition, the paper examines how teachers can integrate intercultural competence into their curriculum and possible methods for assessing intercultural competence. Finally, the paper emphasises the need to integrate intercultural competence into teacher education programmes from the outset and into ongoing professional development
HIGH-TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOURS OF IRON ALUMINIDES WITH YTTRIUM ADDITION
Get PDFIntermetallic compounds have many desirable properties as matrix-compatible 2-phase structural materials with good mechanical properties, and low diffusion rates due to their ordered structure. However, these materials show low strength at high temperatures and low ductility due to hydrogen embrittlement at room temperature. High-temperature strength and creep resistance of Fe3Al alloys are tried to be improved by alloying processes. In the present study, the effect of Tungsten addition on room temperature and high-temperature strength properties was investigated by applying a compression test at room temperature and 600 °C to Fe-28Al and Fe-28Al-0.1Y alloys. With the increase in tungsten content, an increase in strength was achieved
PROMOTION AND PRESERVATION OF EU AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FROM INDIGENOUS SPECIES AND ITS TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE
Get PDFThe preservation of local livestock breeds and plant varieties and its associated traditional knowledge of how to use them is becoming increasingly important. Intellectual property rights are a way of controlling access to local and traditional resources. Geographical indications are an important tool to conserve local genetic resources, to regulate access and property rights to them, to strengthen the rural economy and to allow the holders of traditional knowledge to share in the benefits in a fair manner. Collective trademarks are another way of protecting native livestock breeds and plant varieties. Further the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage offers an opportunity to protect nonphysical intellectual wealth, such as traditions and knowledge which are considered by UNESCO to be part of a place\u27s cultural heritage. Biodiversity non-governmental organizations may also grant intellectual property rights to preserve autochthonous breeds and traditional knowledge. There are still many native livestock breeds to be revived and saved. Both for reasons of biodiversity and genetic resources, but also as valuable specialties for regional food supply chains. Therefore, there is a need to further explore the market for these indigenous specialties and the traditional knowledge associated with
ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND GROWING CONDITIONS FOR MAXIMUM YIELD OF CHICKPEAS CULTIVATION IN VERTICAL HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS
Get PDFThe global demand for plant-based protein sources increases analogous to the increase of the world population. This conventionally requests the need for more agricultural land, which is unfortunately becoming scarce due to many reasons. Therefore, the interest in innovative and promising farming methods (vertical farming, aquaponic, urban farming, hydroponics, etc.) increased immensely in the last years. The fully automated vertical hydroponics technology is one of the promising soilless culture systems that provides more yield per unit area. However, accurate knowledge about plant requirements at different growth stages are necessary to realize the optimal growing condition within the hydroponic systems and consequently to obtain the highest possible yield and quality of the crop. Chickpeas is one of the most important plant-based protein sources and it has high nutritional value and plays a central role in various diets. However, chickpeas have not been the focus of hydroponics cultivation so far, there are few studies in this field. This paper provides a detailed review about the relevant researches about chickpeas cultivation, to study and analyze the growth parameters needed for the design of appropriate vertical hydroponic systems. In other words, all required parameters (light, temperature, moisture, essential nutrients, etc.) to be controlled are defined and analyzed. Suggestions and recommendations for initial studies and prototypes are generated
THE IMPACT OF A FEED ADDITIVE MIXTURE CONSISTING OF YEAST CELL WALLS AND BUTYRIC ACID ESTERS ON FATTENING PIG CARCASSES AND MEAT QUALITY
Get PDFNowadays, numerous countries are researching feed additives utilisation in pig feed to improve the feed\u27s biological value, increase pig productivity, and increase disease resistance, enhancing pork quality. So, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of a feed additive mixture consisting of yeast cell walls and butyric acid esters on the quality of carcasses and pork from fattening pigs. The feeding test was performed with 32 fattening pigs (65-d-old crossbreeds), which were divided into 2 groups with 4 replicate pens: the control group was fed standard compound feed; the experimental group was fed standard compound feed + 2 kg/t feed additive mixture containing yeast cell walls and butyric acid esters. Pig productivity, muscularity, and fat tissue percentages were assessed during the test. At the end of the trial (179-d-old), 5 fattening pigs were randomly selected from each group and slaughtered; pork carcasses and physico-chemical features were evaluated. The slaughter data of fattening pigs revealed that the carcass weight, carcass yield, longest back muscle area, bacon, and carcass half lengths of the fattening pigs in the experimental group were higher by 1% and 2% compared to the control. However, the feed additive mixture had no significant effect on slaughter data or pork physical or chemical features since no significant difference between the experimental and control groups was discovered (P>0.05). The only indicator of chemical composition that was significantly affected was the ash, which was found to be 0.22% higher in the experimental group compared to the control (P<0.05). According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the additive, consisting of yeast cell walls and butyric acid esters, used in fattening pigs feed, has no influence on the quality of pork, but it also does not degrade it
CHARACTERIZATION AND PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF FRUIT QUALITY TRAITS RELATED TO FUNCTIONAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF SPANISH TOMATO LANDRACES
Get PDFAmong the different vegetable crops, tomato is one of the most popular and widely cultivated in the world due to its socio-economic and nutritional importance. There are more than 25,000 tomato varieties, although only 20% are marketed, which is causing a loss of valuable genetic diversity through the loss of cultivars and the disappearance of traditional and local varieties. In this sense, landraces cover a wide genetic diversity that can help mitigate the current genetic erosion within agricultural diversity, improving nutritional and organoleptic traits compared to commercial F1. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of fruit quality parameters related to nutritional and bioactive compounds such as glucose and fructose, organic acids as glutamic, malic and citric acid, vitamin C and carotenoids of forty-eight tomato landraces belonging to nine different cultivar groups: \u27Flor de Baladre\u27, \u27Corazón\u27, \u27de la Sierra\u27, \u27Muchamiel\u27, \u27de la Pera\u27, \u27Pimiento\u27, \u27Kumato\u27, \u27Mesa Murciano\u27 and \u27Cherry\u27. Fruits with different shapes (squared, slightly flattened, rounded, heart-shaped, long oblong and pyriform), colours (yellow, P and R) and sizes (from very small to very large) were included in this study. The highest values in compounds related to the organoleptic quality of the fruits were found in the orange and yellow \u27Cherry\u27 varieties. While the varieties belonging to the \u27Cherry\u27 and \u27Pimiento\u27 types showed a high content of compounds related to the functional quality (vitamin C and carotenoids). The results obtained show an important intravarietal and intervarietal variability, which would allow the selection of varieties to be used in breeding lines focused on obtaining fruits of high organoleptic and nutritional quality
IDENTIFYING STAKEHOLDERS FOR NATURE-BASED TOURISM IN MARGINALISED MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF TÜRKİYE
Get PDFTürkiye\u27s surface area consists of approximately 78% mountainous areas. Mountainous areas are generally low population density and unsuitable for settlement. The areas where the imbalances between regions in terms of development are most intense are mountainous areas. Nature-based tourism is one of the prominent sectors with the aim of proper management of mountain resources and socio-economic development of the rural people. Mountain communities can use sustainable tourism initiatives that natural resources as an outlet to create new job opportunities, develop on-site, improve infrastructure opportunities, solve environmental and social problems and reduce their effects. In line with the nature- based tourism opportunities offered by mountainous areas, plans and specific policies can be created. It is necessary to identify the groups that are affected by the plans carried out in the planning process, to classify these defined groups according to their contributions, and to identify and analyze the stakeholders on how all this information can improve the nature-based tourism activities and the wellbeing level of rural communities living in mountainous areas. Within the scope of the study, all stakeholders that may be relevant within the framework of nature- based tourism activities in marginalized mountainous areas in Türkiye were determined on a local, regional, national, European and global scale. The interests, behaviors and intentions of each stakeholder were evaluated. Universities, research centres, and companies, SMEs, NGOs, etc. are some of the identified stakeholders in tourism activities on marginalized mountainous areas and vulnerable ecosystems
SUCCESSION OF PLANT COMMUNITIES IN PEAT EXTRACTION PITS BASED ON MACROFOSSILS AND CURRENT PLANT ANALYSIS
Get PDFThe small water bodies formed after peat excavation undergo spontaneous succession, and the hydrological factor plays a key role in this process. Plant organic matter deposited in the conditions of high wetness retains the structure of plant tissues; hence, it is possible to identify vegetation that forms subfossil communities and reconstruct the succession series by analysing macroscopic plant remains. The aim of the present study was to identify the sequence of the succession series in the post- excavation peat pits of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland by analysis of plant macrofossils.Depending on trophy conditions and water layer thickness, various communities are responsible for initiation of the peat-forming process in the analysed objects of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland. These include underwater Chara meadows (Ostrówek Podyski object), rush communities from the alliance Magnocaricion (Jelino and Krasne objects), and bryophyte communities forming a floating carpet over an open water surface (Podlaski object). The analysed post-excavation pits are currently undergoing a transitional phase of overgrowing. They have become refugia for many rare and protected plant species, e.g. Rhynchospora alba, Scheuchzeria palustris, or Menyanthes trifoliata