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The Impact of Color Blindness on Player Engagement and Emotional Experience: A Multimodal Study in a Game-Based Environment
No full textPurpose: Color blindness can create challenges in recognizing visual cues, potentially affecting players' performance, emotional involvement, and overall gaming experience. This study examines the impact of color blindness on player engagement and emotional experience in digital games. The research aims to analyze how color-blind individuals engage with and emotionally respond to games, offering insights for more inclusive and accessible game design. Methodology/Approach: An experiment-based study was conducted using a between-group design with 8 color-blind and 8 non-color-blind participants (ages 18-30). The sample was carefully selected to ensure participants had similar levels of digital gaming experience and familiarity with digital games, reducing potential biases related to skill or prior exposure. A custom-designed game, "Color Quest," was developed to assess engagement and emotional response. Emotional responses were measured through Emotion AI analysis, video recordings, and self-reported feedback forms. Participants were also asked to rate their engagement and emotional experience on a 1-to-5 scale, with additional qualitative feedback collected for deeper insights. Findings: The results indicate that color-blind players generally reported lower engagement levels compared to non-color-blind players. Although quantitative data did not reveal a direct correlation between color blindness and visual experience, self-reported feedback suggests that color-related design choices negatively impact emotional involvement and player immersion. Furthermore, in the survey responses directed to participants, color-blind individuals rated their experiences lower compared to individuals with normal vision. Participants emphasized that certain visual elements created difficulties in gameplay, and alternative sensory cues, such as audio feedback, helped mitigate these challenges. Originality/Value: This study provides a rigorous experimental evaluation of color blindness in gaming, emphasizing the role of sensory adaptation in improving player engagement and emotional experience. The findings contribute to game accessibility research by offering concrete design recommendations for developers to create more inclusive and engaging gaming experiences for color-blind individuals.https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202504.1896.v1https://doi.org/10.3390/mti9060062https://doaj.org/article/94322b3559404baba055240587f0787
Gazavât-ı Hayreddin Paşa (vr. 200b-396a) Adlı Eserde Geçen Yabancı Kökenli Denizcilik Terimleri
No full textArapça bir kelime olan gaza, İslam dinini korumak ve onu diğer bölgelere yayabilmek maksadıyla Müslüman olmayan kişilerle yapılan savaşlara verilen addır. Gazavât ise gaza kelimesinin Arapça kurallara göre çoğul eki almış şekline verilen isimdir. Bununla birlikte din uğruna yapılan savaşların ve cenklerin anlatıldığı eserlere de edebî tür olarak gazavâtname adı verilmektedir. Nitekim Gazavât-ı Hayreddin Paşa adlı eser de tür olarak gazavâtname örneği sayılmaktadır. Bu Gazavât’ta, Osmanlı Devleti’nin en ünlü denizcilerinden biri olan Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa’nın hayatı ve özellikle de katıldığı savaşlar coşkulu bir üslup ve sade bir dil ile yazılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi Türkçe Yazmalar Bölümü 2639 numarada kayıtlı olan Gazavât-ı Hayreddin Paşa adlı eserin 200b-396a yaprakları arasında yer alan farklı dillerdeki denizcilik terimleri incelenmiş ve bu terimler, ilgili metindeki kullanımlarıyla gösterilmiştir. Buna göre makalenin amacı 16. yüzyılda Eski Türkiye Türkçesi ile yazılmış bir metnin içindeki denizcilikle ilgili yabancı kökenli sözcükleri gösterebilmektir. Makalede yöntem olarak literatür taraması kullanılmış, Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlüğü, Kubbealtı Lugatı, Steingass’ın Farsça-İngilizce Sözlüğü ve The Lingua Franca In The Levant Turkish Nautical Terms Of Italian And Greek Origin sözlüğünden ve Batı Akdeniz’de Osmanlı Korsanlığı ve Gaza Meselesi makalesinden kelime anlamları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre Arapçadan 8, Farsçadan 6, Felemenkçeden 1, Fransızcadan 1, İspanyolcadan 1, İtalyancadan 48 ve Rumcadan 5 tane olmak üzere toplamda yabancı kökenli 70 tane denizcilik terimi bulunmuştur.https://doi.org/10.30804/cesmicihan.170556
Suppression of Multiple Order Friction Torque Fluctuations with Modulated Actuation Pressure
No full textThe goal of this article is to examine the effect of modulated actuation pressure on the friction torque response of a disc brake system. First, a dynamic friction experiment, consisting of a flywheel, shaft and brake assembly, is built and instrumented accordingly. The actuation pressure is modulated with a solenoid valve located in the hydraulic line. During the experiment, the modulation frequency is kept intact, and the shaft torque is measured as the system slows down; an amplification of the dynamic torque is observed as the system passes through the resonance. Second, a nonlinear mathematical model of the brake experiment is developed, and the dynamic torque response is numerically calculated for various modulation schemes, such as with constant frequency and sweeping modulation frequency with single harmonic content. Predicted results are compared with measurements. Finally, the outcome of this study is related to the brake judder problem, and some solutions for the reduction of dynamic torque are briefly discussed.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04522-1_21https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04522-1_2
Basal ganglia: an amplifier for preparatory activity in motor control
No full texthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-025-01016-
Search for heavy neutral resonances decaying to tau lepton pairs in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV
No full textA search for heavy neutral gauge bosons (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:msup><a:mrow><a:mi>Z</a:mi></a:mrow><a:mrow><a:mo>′</a:mo></a:mrow></a:msup></a:mrow></a:math>) decaying into a pair of tau leptons is performed in proton-proton collisions at <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:msqrt><c:mi>s</c:mi></c:msqrt><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>13</c:mn><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mi>TeV</c:mi></c:math> at the CERN LHC. The data were collected with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:mn>138</e:mn><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:msup><e:mi>fb</e:mi><e:mrow><e:mo>−</e:mo><e:mn>1</e:mn></e:mrow></e:msup></e:math>. The observations are found to be in agreement with the expectation from standard model processes. Limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:mrow><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mi>Z</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mo>′</g:mo></g:mrow></g:msup></g:mrow></g:math> production cross section and its branching fraction to tau lepton pairs for a range of <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:mrow><i:msup><i:mrow><i:mi>Z</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mrow><i:mo>′</i:mo></i:mrow></i:msup></i:mrow></i:math> boson masses. For a narrow resonance in the sequential standard model scenario, a <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><k:mrow><k:msup><k:mrow><k:mi>Z</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mo>′</k:mo></k:mrow></k:msup></k:mrow></k:math> boson with a mass below 3.5 TeV is excluded. This is the most stringent limit to date from this type of search.https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.11200
A Unique Example from Kozyatağı–Kadıköy Metro Tunnel: Comparison of the Performance of Drill and Blast, Roadheader, Impact Hammer, and TBM
No full texthttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89114-4_
Multi-Index Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) Dynamics in Samsun Using Google Earth Engine
No full textUrbanization has emerged as a significant driver of environmental change, particularly impacting local climates through the creation of urban heat islands (SUHIs). SUHIs, characterized by higher temperatures in urban or metropolitan areas than in their rural surroundings, have become a critical focus of urban climate studies. This study aims to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of both thermal and vegetative indices (BT, LST, NDVI, NDBI, BUI, ECI, SUHI, UTFVI) across different land cover types in Samsun, Türkiye, in order to assess their contribution to the urban heat island effect. Specifically, brightness temperature (BT), land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), built-up index (BUI), environmental condition index (ECI), urban heat island (SUHI) intensity, and urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI) were calculated and assessed. The analysis utilized cloud-free Landsat 8 imagery sourced from the US Geological Survey via the Google Earth Engine platform, employing a one-year median for each pixel using a cloud masking algorithm. Land use and land cover (LULC) classification was conducted using the random forest (RF) algorithm with satellite composite imagery, achieving an overall accuracy of 85% for 2014 and 86% for 2023. This study provides a detailed analysis of the effects of various land use and cover types on temperature, vegetation, and structural characteristics, revealing the role of changes in different land types on the urban heat island effect. In the LULC classification, water bodies consistently maintained low LST values below 23 °C for both years, while built-up land exhibited the greatest temperature increase, from approximately 25 °C in 2014 to more than 31 °C in 2023. The analysis also revealed that LST varies with the size and type of vegetation, with a mean LST differential between all green spaces and urban areas averaging 7–8 °C, and differences reaching 12 °C in industrial zones.https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16060712https://doaj.org/article/6fddc3eefa204e9fadad2b08c89792f
Out‐of‐plane static analysis of curved nanobeams resting on an elastic foundation using the method of initial values
No full textAbstractThe unique mechanical properties and versatile applications of curved nanobeams have gained significant attention among researchers, as understanding their mechanical behavior is essential for precise control at the atomic scale. In this study, the out‐of‐plane static behavior of curved nanobeams resting on an elastic foundation is investigated for small displacements within the framework of nonlocal elasticity theory. Nonlocal constitutive equations are derived and solved using the initial value method, with the approximate transfer matrix approach employed to obtain the principal matrix, ensuring systematic and accurate solutions. A detailed parametric study is conducted to highlight the effects of the nonlocal parameter, opening angle, and elastic foundation interactions on displacements, rotation angles, bending moments, and shear forces. The findings emphasize the critical role of these effects in accurately predicting the mechanical behavior of curved nanoscale structures. The results of this study offer valuable insights for the design and development of curved nanobeam components in nano‐engineered materials and devices.https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.70031https://zbmath.org/803142
Thienothiophene‐Based Organic Porous Polymers Combining Different Linkers and Functional Groups: Design, Synthesis, Photophysical, and Charge Transport Properties
No full textAbstract Organic covalent frameworks (COFs) are essential for various applications, including solar cells, capacitors, hydrogen production, cancer therapy, bacterial treatment, chemical sensors, and light‐emitting diodes. This study presents the design and synthesis of novel conjugated triazine‐type porous polymers ( P1 – P6 ) and their conjugated monomers ( M1‐ ‐ M6 ), incorporating thienothiophene (TT) rings as π‐bridges, along with cyanophenyl, phenyl, and heptyl as different functional groups, and triphenylamine (TPA), tetraphenylethylene (TPE), and carbazole (Cbz) as linkers. The polymers were synthesized via acid‐catalyzed trimerization. Photo‐injected charge carriers of the polymers and impact of molecular doping on the conductivities with iodine doping were analyzed. The highest photoconductivity, φ∑μ, reached 2.4 × 10 −8 m 2 V −1 s −1 when doped with I 2 for the heptyl chain‐substituted P6 (Cbz‐linkage) among the analyzed porous polymers.https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.20250033
The Effect of Germination on Antinutritional Components, In Vitro Starch and Protein Digestibility, Content, and Bioaccessibility of Phenolics and Antioxidants of Some Pulses
No full textABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of 24‐ and 48‐h germination on antinutrient levels (phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors, saponins, and tannins), in vitro starch and protein digestibility, and the content and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidants in chickpeas, peas, mung beans, and lentils. Germination resulted in reductions of phytic acid by up to 75.65% and trypsin inhibitor activity by up to 39.20% in the pulses studied. In contrast, saponin levels showed a significant increase, rising nearly threefold with germination, while mung beans exhibited an exceptional 27‐fold increase. Tannins decreased in lentils (2.6‐fold) and mung beans (5.8‐fold), increased in peas (1.6‐fold), and remained unchanged in chickpeas following germination. In vitro protein digestibility generally increased with germination, reaching up to 4.40%, except in peas, where a decline was observed. Germination significantly enhanced total digestible starch content while reducing resistant starch in all pulses except chickpeas. Mung beans exhibited the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, followed by lentils. Although germination significantly elevated total phenolic content in all pulses, this increase did not always align with antioxidant capacity outcomes. Additionally, germination led to a decline in the bioaccessibility of phenolics. However, the amount of phenolic compounds progressively increased during gastric and intestinal digestion, with intestinal digestion further enhancing the total antioxidant capacity of the pulses.https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70103https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40351369http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70103https://avesis.comu.edu.tr/publication/details/f83ad581-5425-48a1-ae88-113a1d1c58a9/oa