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Measurement of light-by-light scattering and the Breit-Wheeler process, and search for axion-like particles in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
No full textAbstract Measurements of light-by-light scattering (LbL, γγ → γγ) and the Breit-Wheeler process (BW, γγ → e + e − ) are reported in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb −1, was collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2018. Events with an exclusively produced γγ or e + e − pair with invariant masses m γγ,ee > 5 GeV, along with other fiducial criteria, are selected. The measured BW fiducial production cross section, σ fid(γγ → e + e − ) = 263.5 ± 1.8(stat) ± 17.8(syst) μb, as well as the differential distributions for various kinematic observables, are in agreement with leading-order quantum electrodynamics predictions complemented with final-state photon radiation. The measured differential BW cross sections allow discrimination between different theoretical descriptions of the photon flux of the lead ion. In the LbL final state, 26 exclusive diphoton candidate events are observed compared with 12.0 ± 2.9 expected for the background. Combined with previous results, the observed significance of the LbL signal with respect to the background-only hypothesis is above five standard deviations. The measured fiducial LbL scattering cross section, σ fid(γγ → γγ) = 107 ± 24(stat) ± 13(syst) nb, is in agreement with next- to-leading-order predictions. Limits on the production of axion-like particles coupled to photons are set over the mass range 5–100 GeV, including the most stringent limits to date in the range of 5–10 GeV.https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep08(2025)006https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2026-00362https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.15413https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2026-00274https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000188386https://dx.doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2025-03659https://dx.doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2024-08105http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15413https://hdl.handle.net/11368/3114778https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2025)006https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/620030https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/636435https://hal.science/hal-04869422v1https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000188386https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000188386/170727752https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000188386https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1750564https://hdl.handle.net/11384/155965http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-11431
Coffee bean-derived Extracellular Vesicles exhibit anti-cancer effects on neuroblastoma cells
No full textWhile most studies on the anti-carcinogenic effects of coffee have focused on coffee extracts or individual compounds such as caffeine and chlorogenic acid, the therapeutic potential of coffee-derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) remains largely unexplored. Plant-Derived EVs have recently emerged as natural nanocarriers rich in bioactive molecules and have shown promise as innovative cancer therapeutics due to their high biocompatibility and low toxicity. This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of EVs isolated from unroasted and roasted Coffea arabica beans on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Coffee EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and TET8 protein expression, confirming their identity and stability. Treatment with both unroasted and roasted coffee EVs significantly reduced neuroblastoma cell viability, as demonstrated by MTT assays. Further analysis using DAPI staining and flow cytometry found that both types of EVs induced apoptosis, with roasted coffee EVs exhibiting a stronger pro-apoptotic effect, particularly in promoting late-stage apoptosis. This is the first study to comparatively evaluate the anti-cancer effects of EVs derived from unroasted and roasted coffee beans. The findings provide evidence that coffee-derived EVs can induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma cancer cells and suggest that roasting enhances their therapeutic properties, potentially through the enrichment of secondary metabolites and melanoidins. The results highlight the potential of coffee EVs not only as natural anti-cancer agents but also as biocompatible delivery vehicles for combinatorial cancer therapies. Further investigation that elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms and measures their effects across other cancer cells is needed to realize this potential.https://doi.org/10.64336/001c.14354
Evaluating Connectivity of Kocaeli Port In Regional Maritime Networks
No full textThis study investigates the dual role of the Kocaeli Port within regional maritime networks by disaggregating its participation into trade-based (active) and transit (pass-through) vessel flows. The aim is to assess the port's functional and structural centrality across interconnected maritime corridors. The research employs directed graph modeling and four centrality metrics -Degree, Betweenness, Eigenvector, and Network Influence Rank (NIR)- to evaluate Kocaeli Port’s nodal influence. United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD) M49 regional classifications are used to globally frame the port’s connectivity and to differentiate the economic versus structural dimensions of its network presence. The results reveal that Kocaeli Port exhibits strong centrality within targeted bilateral and multilateral trade corridors, reflecting its industrial and logistical prominence. However, its positioning in the transit subnetwork demonstrates broader structural embeddedness without proportional economic interaction. This divergence underscores the necessity of distinguishing between structural integration and functional engagement when evaluating port connectivity. By introducing a dual-dimensional framework for analyzing port roles, the study contributes to the evolving discourse on maritime network analysis. This study makes an explicit distinction between trade-driven port centrality and transit-based port centrality in a regional context. It contests the longstanding dependence on throughput measures and puts forward a methodological way of working that is pertinent to hybrid-function ports in analogous geo-economic contexts. The findings yield actionable insights for port authorities, regional planners, and transportation policymakers that may help them to align infrastructural investments with functional performance of the ports.https://doi.org/10.56850/jnse.170448
Innovative Strategies for Firefighting Resource Allocation in Forest Fires: A Comparative Study of Maximal Covering and Travel Distance Minimization Approaches
No full texthttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88071-1_
Integrated Fermatean Fuzzy SWARA and Q-ROF-EDAS Methodology for Supplier Evaluation in the Shipyard Industry
No full textIn recent years, increasing complexity in supply chains and the presence of high cost and risk factors in project-based industries such as shipbuilding have made supplier selection a critical decision-making problem. In this context, this study evaluates the criteria that shipyards should consider in supplier selection using an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach based on Fermatean Fuzzy SWARA (FF-SWARA) and q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Set-based EDAS (q-ROF EDAS) methods. In the first stage of the study, the importance weights of twelve supplier selection criteria—gathered under two main categories based on expert opinions and literature review—were determined using the FF-SWARA method. In the second stage, supplier alternatives were ranked using the q-ROF EDAS method. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted in the study, and rankings generated under 100 different scenarios were evaluated. The results obtained demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed method and its capability to address uncertainty in the decision-making process, contributing to more consistent and informed decisions in the shipyard and shipbuilding sectors.https://doi.org/10.31181/jidmgc112025
Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Determination of Arsenic Sources in the Groundwater of the Alluvial Plain of the Lower Sakarya River Basin, Turkey
No full textArsenic (As) contamination in groundwater represents a major global public health threat, particularly in alluvial aquifer systems where redox-sensitive geochemical processes facilitate the mobilization of naturally occurring trace elements. This study investigates groundwater quality, particularly focusing on the origin of arsenic contamination in shallow and deep alluvial aquifers of the Lower Sakarya River Basin, which are crucial for drinking, domestic, and agricultural uses. Groundwater samples were collected from 34 wells—7 tapping the shallow aquifer (<60 m) and 27 tapping the deep aquifer (>60 m)—during wet and dry seasons for the hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater. Environmental isotope analysis (δ18O, δ2H, 3H) was conducted to characterize origin and groundwater residence times, and the possible hydraulic connection between shallow and deep alluvial aquifers. Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of the sediment core samples were carried out using X-ray diffraction and acid digestion analyses to identify mineralogical sources of As and other metals. Pearson correlation coefficient analyses were also applied to the results of the chemical analyses to determine the origin of metal enrichments observed in the groundwater, as well as related geochemical processes. The results reveal that 33–41% of deep groundwater samples contain arsenic concentrations exceeding the WHO and Turkish drinking water standard of 10 µg/L, with maximum values reaching 373 µg/L. Manganese concentrations exceeded the 50 µg/L limit in up to 44% of deep aquifer samples, reaching 1230 µg/L. On the other hand, iron concentrations were consistently low, remaining below the detection limit in nearly all samples. The co-occurrence of As and Mn above their maximum contaminant levels was observed in 30–33% of the wells, exhibiting extremely low sulfate concentrations (0.2–2 mg/L), notably low dissolved oxygen concentration (1.45–3.3 mg/L) alongside high bicarbonate concentrations (450–1429 mg/L), indicating localized varying reducing conditions in the deep alluvial aquifer. The correlations between molybdenum and As (rdry = 0.46, rwet = 0.64) also indicate reducing conditions, where Mo typically mobilizes with As. Arsenic concentrations also showed significant correlations with bicarbonate (HCO3−) (rdry = 0.66, rwet = 0.80), indicating that alkaline or reducing conditions are promoting arsenic mobilization from aquifer materials. All these correlations between elements indicate that coexistence of As with Mn above their MCLs in deep alluvial aquifer groundwater result from reductive dissolution of Mn/Fe(?) oxides, which are primary arsenic hosts, thereby releasing arsenic into groundwater under reducing conditions. In contrast, the shallow aquifer system—although affected by elevated nitrate, sulfate, and chloride levels from agricultural and domestic sources—exhibited consistently low arsenic concentrations below the maximum contaminant level. Seasonal redox fluctuations in the shallow zone influence manganese concentrations, but the aquifer’s more dynamic recharge regime and oxic conditions suppress widespread As mobilization. Mineralogical analysis identified that serpentinite, schist, and other ophiolitic/metamorphic detritus transported by river processes into basin sediments were identified as the main natural sources of arsenic and manganese in groundwater of deep alluvium aquifer.https://doi.org/10.3390/w17131931https://avesis.kocaeli.edu.tr/publication/details/ed46580f-d0f2-4020-946d-c82ae569393a/oa
A twisted ribbon of subducted lithosphere beneath southeast Anatolia and its seismotectonic implications
No full textForensic analysis of the geological architecture in the aftermath of destructive earthquakes is an essential step to identify controlling structures that need to be monitored. Here we suggest the sequence of events during the February 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes was driven by the roll back of a twisted ribbon of subducted lithosphere beneath southeast Anatolia. We assume that the February 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes were short-term manifestations of a longer-term tectonic process. To investigate, we built a three-dimensional (3D) mesh frame defining the geometry of subducted Tethyan lithosphere in the Eastern Mediterranean, using the UU-P07 global tomography model, and where appropriate, earthquake hypocentre sets from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor project (GCMT) and from the International Seismic Centre (ISC). The 3D model of the subducted Tethyan lithosphere exhibits three variably twisted ribbons. The Cyprus ribbon is subducted to ~280 km depth and is ~120 km wide, and it twists and curls parallel to its length by ~20 degrees anticlockwise.The geometry prior to subduction can be estimated by floating the mesh back to the surface using the Pplates program. The process of subduction can be visualised by incorporating the floated mesh into a 2D+time tectonic reconstruction from 125 Ma to the present. This leads to the inference that the ribbons are associated with slab tearing during roll back of the Tethyan lithosphere, due to the accretion of the Lycian block and the Cyprus promontory. The twisting motions can be related to a lateral push sideways caused by anticlockwise vertical axis rotation of the Arabia indenter during opening of the Red Sea rift and the Gulf of Aden. We suggest that the Anatolian lithosphere is being stretched by ongoing differential roll back caused by drag of the Cyprus ribbon through the asthenosphere underlying southeast Anatolia. This motion continually triggers failure along strike-slip faults while facilitating the continued indentation of Arabia. Seismotectonic analysis of aftershock sequences highlights the underlying geodynamics.https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-828
Hi‐LabSpermTracking: A Novel and High‐Quality Sperm Tracking Dataset with an Advanced Ensemble Detection and Tracking Approach for Real‐World Clinical Scenarios
No full textSperm motility, a critical factor in diagnosing male infertility, requires computer‐based solutions due to the limitations of manual evaluation methods. This study introduces the Hi‐LabSpermTracking dataset, comprising 66 videos (60 s each, 10 fps) collected from 14 patients and meticulously annotated by experts. Unlike similar datasets, these uninterrupted, long‐duration videos enable continuous tracking of individual sperm cells, each assigned a unique ID throughout the video, supporting both sperm detection and tracking tasks. Experimental evaluations employ you only look once v8 (YOLOv8), real‐time detection transformer, and simple online and realtime tracking with a deep association metric across three scenarios. In Scenario I (sperm detection), the YOLOv8n model achieves 98.9% mAP50 and 97.9% F1‐score. In Scenario II (sperm tracking), performance metrics include 83.88% mAP50, 87.63% F1‐score, 72.27% higher order tracking accuracy (HOTA), and 77.88% multiple object tracking accuracy (MOTA). Scenario III simulates real‐world challenges by separating training and testing videos. Ensemble methods are applied, with the proposed mean ensemble achieving superior results: 86.55% mAP50, 87.87% F1‐score, 66.66% HOTA, and 76.42% MOTA. The Hi‐LabSpermTracking dataset enables robust sperm tracking research, while the mean ensemble method amplifies accuracy by uniting model strengths.https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500115https://hdl.handle.net/11436/1078
Farhang-e Amme-ye Komijan
No full textİran’daki Türk nüfusunun önemli bir bölümü, ülkenin orta ve batı kesimlerinde yaşamaktadır. Bu coğrafya, tarihî kaynaklarda “Irak-ı Acem”[1] olarak bilinmekteydi. Orta İran’da yer alan Kazvin, Elburz, Tahran, Hemedan, Merkezi, Kum, İsfahan, Çaharmahal ve Bahtiyari ile Luristan illeri, bu topluluğun öne çıkan yerleşim bölgeleri arasında yer almaktadır. Batı İran’daki Türkler ise Kürdistan ve Kirmanşah illerinde yaşamlarını sürdürmektedir. Son yıllarda, adı geçen bölgelere ilişkin kültürel çalışmalar artış göstermiş olmakla birlikte, söz konusu toplulukların hem demografik farklılıkların çokluğu hem de zengin kültürel birikimi dikkate alındığında, alana yönelik daha derinlikli araştırmalara ihtiyacı da artırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Orta ve Batı İran Türklerine ilişkin her yeni çalışma, beşeri bilimler literatürüne özgün ve çok boyutlu katkılar sunma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışmada incelenen Komican Halk Bilimi adlı eser, İran’ın Merkezi ilinde yer alan ve halk arasında Borçallu, Borçalle, Borçelu (Komijani, 2018, s. 49); resmî belgelerde ise yakın geçmişe kadar Bozçelu (Moradi, 2009, s. 46) adıyla anılan Komican ilçesinin halk bilimine odaklanan ilk kitap olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. [1] Irak-ı Acem Türkleri hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi için bk. (Ghasemkhani, 2024a).https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15769048https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1576904
A ventilated perfused lung model platform to dissect the response of the lungs to viral infection
No full textIn this study, we developed a 3D lung model that incorporated alveolar and vascular components, allowing for the investigation of lung physiology and responses to infection. We investigated the role of ventilation in formation of the alveolar epithelial layer and its response to viral infections. We subjected our perfused model to a continuous respiratory cycle at the air-liquid interface (ALI) for up to 10 days. The results revealed that ventilation increased tight-junction formation with better epithelial barrier function over time. Two viruses, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), were tested, where ventilation enhanced infectivity with an increased progression of viral spread over time while sensitizing the epithelium for viral recognition. Ventilation also attenuated the production of key proinflammatory chemokines. Our findings represent a critical step forward in advancing our understanding of lung-specific viral responses and respiratory infections in response to ventilation, shedding light on vital aspects of pulmonary physiology and pathobiology.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.03.012https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4028081