American Journal of Integrated STEM Education
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Fuzzy Semi- G – Regular And Fuzzy Semi – G – Normal Spaces
Full text linkObjective: The aim of this paper is to introduce and study fuzzy sets and fuzzy point or the properties fuzzy sets and study two new classes of spaces, called Fuzzy semi-g-regular and fuzzy semi-g-normal spaces. Method: Fuzzy Semi-g-regularity and fuzzy semi-g-normality are separation properties obtained by utilizing fuzzy semi-generalized closed sets. Results: Recall that a fuzzy topological space (X ̃, Ť) is called fuzzy semi-generalized closed, briefly f s g-closed, if the fuzzy semi-closure of Ȃ ≤ X ̃ is a fuzzy of U ̃ ≤ X ̃ whenever A ̃ is a fuzzy set of U ̃ and U ̃ is fuzzy semi-open in (X ̃, T ̃). Novelty: two new classes of spaces, called Fuzzy semi-g-regular and fuzzy semi-g-normal spaces
Previous Research on Phraseological Units In Dialogues
Full text linkThis article explores previous research on phraseological units in dialogues, highlighting key studies from early theoretical works to modern corpus-based and computational approaches. It discusses the role of phraseological units in spoken discourse, emphasizing their cognitive, pragmatic, and communicative functions. The article also reviews recent findings on the use of phraseological expressions in conversations, their contribution to fluency, and their significance in language acquisition
Green Infrastructure Facilities and Environmental Peace-building in Nigerian Schools
Full text linkThe paper explores the role of green infrastructure facilities in Nigerian schools. The paper is a position paper. It employed secondary data to support the points raised. The secondary data were collected from online publications and print materials. Content analysis was adopted to select the final literature used in the paper. The paper concludes that the development of green school infrastructure facilities in the schools in Nigeria will support the implementation of teaching and learning in the schools, support sound health and a conducive learning environment, serve as instructional resources and excursion sites for students and academic purposes and research purposes. Based on these findings, the paper recommends that governments at all levels, international organizations and private institutions should be directly involved in the development of green school infrastructure facilities in all Nigerian schools. Governments at all levels should create special funds for the development of green infrastructure facilities in all Nigerian schools. The government should organize training for school administrators and teachers on the effective ways of managing and maintaining green facilities in the schools
Using Emperor Penguins Colony Algorithm (EPC) To Hybrid Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (AOA)To Solve Optimization Problems
Full text linkThis "research paper included the study of two intelligent algorithms, the Emperor Penguin Colony algorithm and the Archimedes optimization algorithm. A hybrid algorithm called AOA-EPC was proposed, which included improving the Archimedes algorithm based on the penguin algorithm by making the two algorithms work together to reach the best solutions. The solutions are enhanced through both algorithms. The results of the proposed hybrid algorithm were excellent. It can avoid falling into local solutions in addition to the accuracy of the results. It can also reach the optimal solution in record time. Moreover, it can find the best solutions with the least number of swarm elements. The steps of the proposed algorithm were created, as well as the flowchart for it. A table of the results we obtained and the optimal approximation for most functions used by measuring numerical optimization was displayed. Ten functions were addressed, which can be generalized to the rest of the other functions. This paves the way for applying this algorithm to any function that can be used in engineering, statistics and other science applications, as it is an excellent algorithm. The results of the proposed algorithm AOA-EPC were compared with both the AOA and EPC algorithms, and the numerical results showed the superiority of the hybrid" algorith
Current Problems of Adolescent Career Guidance
Full text linkThis study examines the current challenges in adolescent career guidance in Uzbekistan, emphasizing psychological, educational, and policy-related factors. Using a qualitative research approach, including literature review and policy analysis, the study evaluates the effectiveness of existing vocational guidance frameworks. The research highlights that many adolescents make career decisions without adequate self-awareness or professional consultation, relying instead on parental and peer influence. Findings indicate that career guidance programs in educational institutions are insufficient, with limited access to practical vocational skills and professional counseling. The study underscores the importance of integrating psychological assessments, such as the Kettel questionnaire, into career guidance practices. It also advocates for enhanced teacher training, increased parental involvement, and the implementation of structured career-oriented curricula, including professional clubs and workshops. Addressing these gaps through a comprehensive, multi-stakeholder approach will improve students' career readiness, ensuring their professional fulfillment and contributing to national socio-economic development
Terms of Use of Information Technologies in The Educational Process
Full text linkThis study aims to examine the role and effectiveness of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the educational process. The research employs a qualitative approach using literature analysis, case studies, and expert interviews to explore how ICT tools are integrated into various educational settings. The study focuses on the application of modern pedagogical technologies, particularly emphasizing the benefits of digital platforms such as online learning systems, multimedia tools, and telecommunication-based instruction. Findings reveal that the implementation of ICT enhances student engagement, improves the efficiency of independent learning, and supports the development of innovative teaching methods. However, the research also identifies several challenges, including limited technical infrastructure, low digital literacy among educators, and unequal access to resources. The study concludes that while ICT has transformative potential in education, its effectiveness depends on strategic implementation, teacher training, and supportive institutional policies. Future research should investigate the long-term impact of digital learning on cognitive development, the psychological effects of technology dependency, and the equity of access across educational environment
Culture of Speech and Its Communicative Qualities
Full text linkIn any society, language plays a fundamental role in shaping interpersonal relationships and cultural development. The culture of speech, as a linguistic and social phenomenon, is central to ensuring effective communication, promoting ethical behavior, and fostering national identity. Speech culture comprises a set of communicative qualities including clarity, expressiveness, normativity, and linguistic etiquette. It integrates oral and written norms and is deeply connected to literary language, making it an important component of both education and civic life. Despite its recognized significance, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the differentiation between speech culture and oratory, as well as the broader implications of communicative competence in various social and virtual contexts. This article aims to analyze the concept of speech culture, its communicative attributes, and its social role, while distinguishing it from oratory and exploring its influence in educational, ethical, and digital communication spheres. The analysis confirms that speech culture is a multifaceted construct encompassing literacy, etiquette, communicative ethics, and stylistic adaptability. It enhances mutual understanding, reduces communicative conflict, and supports socio-cultural development. The study offers an integrative view of speech culture as both a linguistic and ethical tool for effective communication, proposing a refined classification of functional styles and emphasizing its relevance in digital interaction and youth upbringing. Enhancing speech culture contributes to national linguistic integrity, personal dignity, and social harmony. As such, it should be a core element in educational curricula and public discourse initiatives
The Theme of Homeland In The Poetry of Asqar Mahkam
Full text linkThe concept of homeland is a recurring theme in world literature, often associated with identity, memory, and belonging. In Uzbek poetry, especially after independence, the homeland has evolved as both a spiritual symbol and a socio-political ideal. Asqar Mahkam stands out among contemporary Uzbek poets for his philosophical engagement with the idea of the homeland. Unlike conventional depictions rooted in birthplace or maternal suffering, Mahkam constructs a vision of the homeland as a moral and existential entity. While classical and folkloric representations of patriotism in Uzbek literature are well documented, there is limited critical analysis of how modern poets like Mahkam reinterpret the homeland through innovative poetic devices and contemporary concerns. This study aims to analyze how Asqar Mahkam conveys patriotism and national consciousness in his poetry, examining the symbolic, emotional, and ethical dimensions of his work. Through a close reading of selected poems—including “Worship,” “Covered by the Storm of History,” and “Have I Justified the Salt You Gave Me”—the analysis reveals Mahkam’s use of metaphor, rhetorical questioning, and lyrical sincerity to evoke not only love for one’s country but also a sense of duty, sacrifice, and philosophical introspection. Mahkam’s verses reframe the homeland as a dynamic and sacred force, encouraging readers to perceive it not as a static territory but as a living moral companion. The findings enrich the discourse on post-Soviet Uzbek literature and highlight poetry’s enduring role in shaping cultural identity and national values
Advanced Methods of Teaching English Languages Using Modern and Communication Technologies
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze effective methods for teaching English in technical institutes, particularly in the construction field. The research explores modern approaches to teaching students in non-linguistic universities and addresses the challenge of limited time allocated for foreign language studies. The study employs a qualitative methodology, including a literature review and case studies, to evaluate various teaching techniques, such as the Conversational Club and the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The results indicate that incorporating interactive methods and digital resources enhances students' motivation and proficiency in English. The findings suggest that these modern teaching strategies significantly contribute to students’ academic and professional development in the construction industry
Levels and Characteristics Of Physical Fitness Of Girls In Volleyball
Full text linkPhysical fitness plays a pivotal role in enhancing the performance of athletes, especially in volleyball, where different game roles demand specific motor abilities. The study by Odilova Feruza investigates physical development indicators such as strength, endurance, coordination, flexibility, and aerobic capacity among qualified female volleyball players across different playing positions (striker, setter, libero). While general training approaches exist, there is limited data on the differentiated impact of training according to ampoule (playing roles) and the necessity of targeted microcycle programming in female volleyball training. This study aims to evaluate and compare the physical performance and physiological characteristics of female volleyball players in control and experimental groups using standardized physical and physiological tests.The findings reveal significant differences in body weight, hand strength, high jump, lung capacity, and aerobic indicators like PWC170 and VO₂ max between the groups. Stratified training showed greater improvements in special physical abilities, particularly in flexibility and strength, in the experimental group. The research introduces a differentiated training methodology tailored to the playing roles of volleyball girls, supported by empirical results and coach surveys. Implications: The study underscores the importance of ampoule-based stratification and specialized training programs in improving physical fitness attributes critical for volleyball performance, providing a foundation for future long-term training strategies and injury prevention program