Scholastic: Journal of Natural and Medical Education
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Updated Role of Ultrasound for Predicting Pregnancy Outcome in First-Trimester Vaginal Bleeding
No full textBackgrounds: Vaginal bleeding during the first trimester is a common obstetric condition. Approximately 20-25% women in their first trimester complain of vaginal bleeding The vast variety of reasons of early pregnancy bleeding, the risk of miscarriage, and the worry of having any life threatening etiology puts pregnant women with first trimester hemorrhage in a state of uncertainty, leading to anxiety .
Aim: To predict pregnancy outcome through sonographic findings of subchorionic hematoma, slow fetal heart rate and high resistance to subtrophoblastic circulation in women presenting with vaginal bleeding in first trimester
Patients &Methods: A prospective study was conducted during twenty- month period from September 2021 to April 2023 on 60 pregnant patients during 6-13+6dweeks of gestation with positive pregnancy test ,complaining of vaginal bleeding. The study group was subdivided into group of non-viable pregnancy ( 16 cases) and threatened abortion group(44 cases). The group of threatened abortion was subdivided into group of patients who ended in second trimester miscarriage (6 patients) and termination of pregnancy (2 patients) and a group who continued pregnancy (36 patients). Pregnancies were followed up until the final outcome was known . Confirmation of completed pregnancy loss was done with examination of the abortus products that passed spontaneously or after uterine aspiration for non viable group .Antenatal and neonatal outcomes were obtained from hospital records for cases of threatened abortion continued pregnancy to labor . The relation between slow embryonic (fetal) heart rate , subchorionic hematoma and high resistance to subtrophoblastic circulation and fetal demise was recorded and statistically analyzed.
Results: Spotting was most common nature of bleeding per vagina 63.3% (38/60). .Among 60 subjects who were included in the study, 44 patients (73.3%) were diagnosed by US as viable pregnancy and 16 patients ( 26.7%) were non-viable pregnancy . Among 44 cases of viable pregnancy in the first trimester, 6 (10.0%) ended in second trimester miscarriage , 2(3.3%) were subjected to pregnancy termination (aneuploidy ) and 36 (60%) completed their pregnancies of which the live birth rate was 81.8% of which 28 patients had no perinatal complications, and others (22.2%) had problems of PROM, and preterm labor . The prevalence of subchorionic hematoma in threatened abortion group was 22.7% (n = 10) and there was association between the size of the subchorionic hematoma and first trimester miscarriage. There was a statistically significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between those with and without subchorionic hematoma .There is highly significant relation between incidence of abortion and the slowing FHR and high resistance to subtrophoblastic circulation where p-value <0.001 and respectively
Conclusions:
First trimester bleeding could be a predicting factor for perinatal complications .Slow embryonic (or fetal) heart rate as well as increased resistance to subtrophoblastic circulation could be the earliest predictors for subsequent possible miscarriage.Large subchorionic hematoma may increase the risk of miscarriage in patients with vaginal bleeding and so early follow up by ultra sound is recommended a and this help the clinician to make the diagnosis of fetal demise quickly
Rebozo Technique on Labor Pain Intensity in Multigravida Mothers
No full textChildbirth is a process where the baby, placenta and amniotic membranes emerge from the mother's womb at term without any complications. During the birthing process, the ability and skills of the helper greatly influence the comfort and smoothness of the birth. The care provided can be adjusted to the mother's condition. The rebozo technique can be used during labor to help the muscle fibers in the uterine ligament relax, thereby reducing pain and creating positive psychological and social effects, so that the mother who gives birth is relaxed, all the muscle layers in the uterus will work together in harmony so that labor goes smoothly, easy, and comfortable. This study aims to determine the effect of the rebozo technique on pain intensity during the labor process. This research design uses pre-experimental techniques with a satisfic group comparison design approach to determine the effect of the rebozo technique on pain intensity. The results of analysis using the rebozo technique obtained a mean value of 1.20 with p = value 0.000. There is an influence of the rebozo technique on the intensity of pain during the labor process. The rebozo technique can be applied to any normal delivery process
Results Evaluation of the Effect of Anesthesia on Plastic Surgery
No full textBackground: The advancements in plastic surgery, in conjunction with the development of anaesthesia, have enabled the fulfilment of almost all the desired outcomes of those seeking such procedures. Objective: This study was analysed and assessed for overall clinical outcomes which were associated with the role of anesthesia in plastic surgery. Patients and methods: The current study focused on evaluating the clinical outcomes of individuals participating in rhinoplasty under local anesthesia and general anesthesia, whose ages ranged between 25-40 years, and which included 70 patients from different hospitals in Iraq for a period from February 6, 2022, to August 25, 2023. This study compared the results of anesthesia techniques for general anesthesia, sedation, and local anesthesia on patients during and after surgery in terms of surgery time, anesthesia time, rate of pain and complications, quality of anesthesia, patient satisfaction rate, and quality of life for patients after surgery. Results: Comparing anesthesia techniques, our study recorded the clinical outcomes of patients during surgery in terms of operative time was 192.04 ± 36.51, duration of anesthesia was 207.13 ± 38.56, heart rate was 82.15 ± 34.67, systolic blood pressure was 110.58 ± 35.12, diastolic blood pressure was 76.43 ± 11.54, and The number of bleeding cases was 8, the number of deaths was 5, the rate of complications after surgery for patients under general anesthesia was 11, the rate of pain for patients after surgery in the first month was 6.6 ± 1.5 and in the seventh month it was 0.78 ± 0.35, the quality of life of patients recorded in the physical aspect was 66.20 ± 5.73. As for the emotional aspect, it was 58.17 ± 7.42.
On the contrary, the results of the general anesthesia group showed better improvements compared to general anesthesia in terms of operation time 172.51 ± 26.82, duration of anesthesia 190.32 ± 28.12, heart rate 85.35 ± 7.42, systolic blood pressure was 84.32 ± 10.57, and diastolic blood pressure was 67.15 ± 5.78. The number of bleeding cases was 2, the rate of complications after surgery for patients under local anesthesia was 4, the pain rate in the first month was 4.2 ± 0.5, while in the seventh month, it was 2.56 ± 0.85, the physical aspect was 83.68 ± 3.85, and the emotional aspect was 83.31 ± 9.55. Conclusion: Local anesthesia provides high success rates in rhinoplasty, which has the advantages of lower rates of pain, bleeding, and mortality during surgery, which results in a high satisfaction rate compared to general anesthesia
Possibilities of Ultrasound in Diagnosing Soft Tissue Sarcomas
No full textLiterature data on the possibilities of using ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas are analyzed. Information on the use of B-mode in the assessment of spread, dopplerography to study tumor vascularity, and sonoelastography, a new method for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors, is presented. Analyzing the analytical value of ultrasound for the detection of soft tissue formations
Frequency of the Zygomatic-Orbital Fractures and Method of Using Fibrin Membrane
No full textIn several medical fields, there are too many regeneration materials which prepared from blood one of them is platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)—have been extensively employed due to their significant ability to promote tissue regeneration. Platelets from whole blood were intended to be concentrated using PRP, which was initially proposed a specific restorative technique.Keywords: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), Zygomatic-orbital complex, fractures, growth factors, tube, clot, recovery, immune syste
Improvement of Methods of Treatment of Retinal Angiopathies of Various Etiologies
No full textThis research work was conducted at RIKMIATM Bukhara branch. Patients who came to the hospital with the diagnosis of retinal angiopathy of various genesis were examined and the results of treatment were studied. In the department, 65 patients aged 40-70 years underwent a standard examination and were divided into groups and received conservative treatment methods in an inpatient setting. The results before and after the treatment were analyzed and the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated
Morphometric Analysis of the Mental Foramen in Libyan Population Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
No full textIntroduction: The mental foramen is a significant anatomical landmark through which the mental nerve passes. The mental nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve that innervates the buccal vestibule anterior to the first mandibular molar, the lower lip, and the gums. There is evidence that race affects the location of the mental foramen. Thus, the purpose of this study was to collect data regarding the position and other relevant parameters of the mental foramen in the mandibles of the Libyan people. Material and method: Cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans of 106 Libyan patients who attended the dental office (49 of them were men and 57 were women). Two calibrated examiners analyzed each scan. All the data underwent statistical analysis and results were obtained. Results: Mental foramen was present bilaterally in all patients. The most common position of MF in our study was P3 (52.8%) 'below the 2nd premolar'. The next common position was P2 i.e., between the premolars (24.5%). The mean vertical diameters were 3.15±0.78 mm on the right and 3.46±0.86 mm on the left sides whereas the mean horizontal diameters were 3.45±1.08 mm and 3.85±1.27 mm on the right and left sides respectively. The average distance between MF and the alveolar margin of the mandible (Distance A) was 13.77 ± 2.42 mm on the right side and 13.57 ± 2.21 mm on the left side, with males slightly higher than females. While the distance between the MF and the lower border of the mandible (Distance B) was 12.63 ± 1.72 mm on the right side and 12.23 ± 1.68 mm on the left side, with males exhibiting a greater distance than females. Conclusion: Understanding the morphometry of MF is very important. Therefore, our research may offer essential information about MF in the Libyan population, which may be helpful to anesthetists, neurosurgeons, and dental surgeons performing nerve blocks and surgical procedures such as periodontal, implant placement, or apical curettage of mandibular premolars.
Vitamin C Dynamics in the Reproductive Tissues of Starved Clarias batrachus: Male vs. Female
No full textThis study explores the impact of prolonged starvation on Vitamin C levels in the reproductive tissues of male and female Clarias batrachus. Previous research has primarily focused on mammalian fauna, leaving a gap in understanding the starvation effects on fish in Nepal. Using a 24-dinitrophenylhydrazine method, Vitamin C concentrations in the testes and ovaries were measured after 10, 20, 30, and 40 days of starvation. Findings revealed that under normal conditions, males had higher Vitamin C levels (13.26 mg/100 g) compared to females (8.41 mg/100 g). Prolonged starvation led to a significant decline in Vitamin C levels, with females experiencing a 53% reduction and males a 51% reduction by the end of the 40-day period. These results indicate a differential impact of starvation on male and female reproductive health, underscoring the need for further research into the physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms of Clarias batrachus during food scarcity
A Critical Analysis of Location as a Correlate of Body Mass Index of Children Aged 1-5 Years in Akwa Ibom State
No full textThe study critically analyzed location as a correlate of body mass index of children aged 1-5 years in Akwa Ibom State. Infants and children under 5 years old were used. Apparently, assessment of growth is the single most important measurement of nutritional status. The presence of under nutrition in children is assessed using weight for age, height for age, weight for height and body mass index. Weight for age can be used to diagnose underweight children in the form of wasting, underweight or stunting. Height for age shows linear growth and can be used to measure long-term growth faltering or stunting. Weight for height shows proper body proportion and harmony of growth. The target population of this study comprised schoolchildren registered in government-approved nursery and primary schools aged 1-2 years and 3-5 years in Akwa Ibom State. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw 1440 pupils from urban and rural nursery and primary schools in Akwa Ibom State Senatorial districts. The instrument used for data collection was a standardized instrument for anthropometric assessment. Face and content validation of the instrument was carried out by an expert in testing, measurement, and evaluation in order to ensure that the instrument has the accuracy, appropriateness, and completeness for the study under consideration. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.83, and this was high enough to justify the use of the instrument. The researcher subjected the data generated for this study to appropriate statistical techniques. The test for significance was done at 0.05 alpha levels. It was concluded that very few pupils (3.6%) out of the population of the children aged 1-2 years in Akwa Ibom State has Body Mass Index in line with WHO recommended standard, while (96.4%) of them have their body mass index below standards. It was also concluded that very few pupils (12.5%) out of the population of the children aged 3-5 years in Akwa Ibom State had Body Mass Index in line with WHO recommended standard, while (87.5%) of them had their body mass index below standards. One of the recommendations made was that since the goal of every health practitioner is to maintain a high level of nutritional health status for the population, the hospitality industry should always go for regular checkup using anthropometric indicators such as weight for height (W/H), weight for age (W/A) and height for age (H/A) to characterize the nutritional status of populations
Homocystine as a Diagnostic Marker for Preterm Labor.
No full textPreterm labor poses significant risks to maternal, fetal, and neonatal health worldwide, with elevated homocysteine levels identified as a potential marker for its diagnosis. This case-control study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, included 90 pregnant women divided into two groups: 40 with threatened preterm labor (group A) and 50 without signs of labor (group B). Serum homocysteine levels were measured using ELISA, revealing a significantly higher mean level in the preterm group (1.769±0.687 nmol/ml) compared to controls (0.810±0.261 nmol/ml) (p=0.001). At a cutoff point of 1.096 nmol/ml, homocysteine exhibited a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 86.4%, positive predictive value of 84.3%, and accuracy of 83% for predicting preterm labor. This study underscores the potential of homocysteine measurement as a screening tool in conjunction with other tests to identify high-risk patients for preterm labor, thus aiding in timely interventions and improved maternal and neonatal outcomes