Pubmedia Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Indonesia
Not a member yet
4771 research outputs found
Sort by
ATT VÅRDA PATIENTER INOM PALLIATIV VÅRD I LIVETS SLUTSKEDE : Ur sjuksköterskors perspektiv
No full textBakgrund: I tidigare forskning upplever patienter ensamhet och bristande kommunikation, vilket påverkar deras välbefinnande negativt. Deras närstående erfor även fysiska och psykiska utmaningar av att ta ansvar över den sjuke personen. Genom att använda de 6 S:n kan sjuksköterskor få en helhetssyn kring patienters hälsotillstånd och därefter lindra deras lidandet. Syfte: Att kartlägga sjuksköterskors erfarenheter inom palliativ vård i livets slutskede. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt genomfördes. Tolv vårdvetenskapliga artiklar analyserades, nio kvalitativa och tre kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: I resultat delen framkom tre teman, första var kommunikationens betydelse, andra var betydelsen av praktiska och teoretiska kunskaper och tredje var känslomässig reaktion. När sjuksköterskor utsatte patienter och deras närstående för mer lidande, upplevde sjuksköterskor en osäkerhet kring sin roll. Detta i sin tur ledde till mentala påfrestningar hos sjuksköterskor. Trots det lyfte även sjuksköterskor fram positiva aspekter av palliativ vård. Sjuksköterskor erfor att ett effektivt samtal ökade den optimala attityden gentemot patienters emotionella behov. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplevde att en god kommunikation var kärnan i palliativ vård för att tillgodose patienters förväntningar. Negativa aspekter som påverkade sjuksköterskor att tillhandhålla en personcentrerad vård var bristande erfarenheter och tid. Background: In previous research, patients experience loneliness and lack of communication, which negatively affects their well-being. Their beloved ones also experienced physical and psychological challenges of taking responsibility for the sick person. By using the 6 S:n, nurses can gain a holistic view of the patient`s health status and subsequently alleviate their suffering. Purpose: was to map nurses experiences in palliative care at the end of life. Method: A general literature review was conducted. Twelve health science articles were analyzed, nine qualitative and three quantitative articles. Results: In the results section, three themes emerged, the first was the importance of communication, the second was the importance of practical and theoretical knowledge and the third was emotional reaction. When nurses exposed patients and their loved ones to more suffering, nurses experienced uncertainty about their role. This in turn led to mental strain on nurses. Despite this, nurses also highlighted positive aspects of palliative care. Nurses experienced that effective conversation increased optimal attitudes patient's emotional needs. Conclusion: nurses felt that good communication was the core of palliative care to meet patients' expectations. Negative aspects that affected nurses to provide person-centered care were lack of experience and time
KRAFTEN I SAMSPEL: LÄRARES OCH STUDENTERS VÄGAR TILL KUNSKAP
No full textAbstract This thesis investigates how innovative pedagogical methods can promote lifelong learning and engage high school students in considering higher education. The focus is on understanding students' reflections on the theoretical and practical components of education, and how these elements influence their motivation and learning experience. The study adopts a qualitative research approach, gathering data through workshops and semi-structured interviews with both students and educational informants. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors in teaching methods that contribute to deeper engagement in learning, and how the balance between theory and practice can be used to inspire students to take the next step in their educational journey. The study also highlights the importance of social and emotional aspects of learning and how these can influence students' long-term educational choices. By combining theoretical perspectives with empirical data, where unfiltered learning narratives from students themselves are central, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of learning and motivation. The knowledge contribution of this research lies in capturing the individual learning experiences, providing unique insights into the factors that affect students' willingness to continue their education. The results offer concrete recommendations for developing more effective and innovative pedagogical strategies in both high schools and higher education. Keywords: Service innovation, STEM education, Design Thinking, Pedagogical methods, Creative learning, Student motivation, Project-based learning, Lifelong learning, Innovation technology
Democratic work in social studies: An interview based study on teacher's strategies in upper-secondary school
No full textStudiens syfte är att undersöka vilka strategier gymnasielärare använder i undervisningen föratt främja och inkludera demokratiarbetet och arbetet med demokratiska värderingar. Studienföljer en kvalitativ ansats, där semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts på sexgymnasielärare. Målet med studien är inte att generalisera resultatet, utan att belysa någragymnasielärares uppfattningar och erfarenheter inom ämnet. Insamlad data transkriberades,kodades och materialbearbetningen följde därefter en tematisk analys. Fyra kategorierskapades och utgör resultatkapitlet. Kategorierna benämns som: relationers vikt idemokratiarbetet, kombinationen av kursplan och läroplan, diskussioner främjardemokratiarbetet och variation och perspektivbyte. Forskningsfrågan besvarades med stöd avLindström och Pennlerts (2022) didaktiska triangel och Youngs (2002) deliberativademokratimodell. I resultatdiskussionen presenteras bland annat betydelsen av diskussioneroch relationer för att främja demokratiarbetet och arbetet med demokratiska värderingar medstöd av studiens empiri och tidigare forskning. Studien har flertalet slutsatser som presenterarstrategier som på olika sätt främjar demokratiarbetet och arbetet med demokratiskavärderingar i undervisningen. Studien avslutas med tre underkapitel om metoddiskussion,validitet och reliabilitet samt framtida forskning
Comparison of numerical homogenization techniques for elliptic problems in non-divergence form
No full textMany problems in engineering and physics have a multiscale nature. In multiscale problems, the large-scale dynamics of the problem are often influenced by small scales. Therefore, these small-scale phenomena need to be taken into account in numerical simulations. A direct numerical approximation of multiscale problems is prohibitively expensive as the small scales in the problem need to be resolved over much larger macroscopic computational geometries. Multiscale modeling has emerged as an attractive alternative to replace traditional direct numerical simulations. In this thesis, we consider a multiscale elliptic partial differential equation (PDE), where the coefficient of the PDE has small-scale variations. Analytical tools such as the homogenization theory suffer from structural limitations such as periodicity of the coefficient, and analytical expressions for the homogenized limits of the coefficients are available only in a few cases of theoretical interest. While bypassing the structural limitations of analytical homogenization theory, multiscale methods have been developed recently to approximate the homogenized solutions of such multiscale problems. The main idea is to look for a homogenized (locally averaged) solution of the PDE, where there is no longer small-scale dependency in the problem, and the resulting model can then be approximated by traditional numerical methods at a cost independent of the small scale. This thesis aims to compare different mathematical models for approximating the homogenized coefficients of multiscale elliptic equations in non-divergence form. The methods do not suffer from structural assumptions in the coefficient. In particular, we consider three different approaches based on elliptic, parabolic, and second-order hyperbolic models to compute the homogenized coefficients of multiscale elliptic PDEs in non-divergence form. Numerical results (in one-dimension) demonstrate the asymptotic efficiency of the parabolic approach (in comparison to the elliptic and hyperbolic approaches) in the limit as the error tolerance tends to zero
Professionellas och omsorgsgivares observationer av hur våld i hemmet påverkar autistiska barns beteendeutveckling
No full textBarn med autism tenderar att ha större svårigheter inom social interaktion, kommunikation och kognition. Dessa utmaningar förvärras ytterligare i våldsamma hemmiljöer. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur våld i hemmet påverkar autistiska barns beteendeutvecklig utifrån professionellas och omsorgsgivares observationer, samt identifiera vilket stöd dessa barn behöver. Deltagarnas svar visar att våld leder till emotionella reaktioner, sociala problem, utvecklingsmässiga förändringar och anpassningssvårigheter. Föreslagna stödinsatser inkluderar individuellt stöd, föräldrasamverkan, professionellt stöd och kreativa uttrycksformer. Deltagarnas berättelser indikerar att våldsamma hemmiljöer kan leda till känslomässiga reaktioner och social isolering. Samtidigt framhölls individanpassade insatser, såsom tydliga rutiner och kreativa uttrycksformer, tillika samverkan mellan föräldrar och professionella som avgörande för att skapa trygghet och stabilitet. Studien understryker vikten av långsiktigt stöd och samordnade insatser för att möta behoven hos barn med autism som lever i våldsamma hemmiljöer. Resultaten ger en fördjupad förståelse för hur anpassade strategier kan främja dessa barns utveckling och välmående.
Overcoming the ambiguity requirement using Generative AI
No full textRequirements Engineering (RE) process in software engineering projects is becoming increasingly resource-intensive, making automation essential. The software requirement specification (SRS) document provides significant guidance and defines the final product. These documents are usually written in natural language (NL), which is a convenient wayof representing them. As software projects in industrial systems expand, the software requirement specification documents are also growing, becoming more challenging to analyze and potentially containing ambiguities. With the advent of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), automating tasks like ambiguity detection is now feasible due to AI’s ability to process and understand various contexts. This thesis explores the use of GenAI in RE to address ambiguities in textual requirements. We propose a structured prompt pattern through prompt engineering technique, designed to optimize the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) to specifically tackle the ambiguities in textual requirements, and develop a web-based tool that integrates different GPT versions such as GPT-3.5 and GPT4 and offers a user-friendly, chat-like interface for users to interact with the AI. Through continuous feedback, users can identify and resolve ambiguities more effectively. We evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches by applying them to real-world requirements from Alstom and literature-based datasets
BRYTPUNKTSSAMTAL - En allmän litteraturöversikt utifrån sjuksköterskors erfarenheter
No full textBackground: Nurses have a central role in breaking-point discussions. When patient care transitions from curative to palliative, it is important that the process is carried out correctly and appropriately. Nurses´ participation in breaking-point discussions can provide security for patients, as nurses are familiar with their preferences. Aim: The purpose is to describe nurses' experiences of breakpoint conversations. Method: A general literature review based on twelve scientific articles, the majority of which have a qualitative approach. Result: Four main themes emerged: Support for patients, Support for relatives, Collaboration with other professions and Changing skills and conditions. Nurses build relationships with patients during the long and challenging process. They learn about patients´ preferences, which becomes a resource during breaking-point discussions when patients´ wishes and conditions for good care are considered. Nurses requested more training, as these discussions are demanding, and they feel stability in their role. They claimed that collaboration with physicians and clear patient communication is essential. Conclusion: Conversations in healthcare are crucial before breaking point discussions with patients and relatives. Training and experience are necessary for nurses to feel confident in their role and support both patients and relatives during breaking-point discussions. Nurses sometimes felt caught between patients and physicians, which is bad. Key words: Decision making, End of life, Experiences, Nurses, Palliative care
Attitudes towards mathematics among teachers in early grades in primary school
No full textDenna studies syfte är att undersöka bakomliggande faktorer som påverkar F-3 lärares attityder till matematik samt att, baserat på dess faktorer, identifiera olika grupper av attityder bland dessa lärare. Studien använder en kvantitativ metod, där en enkät baserad på ramverket Three Dimensional Model for Attitudes (TMA) besvarades av 100 lärare. En faktoranalys och en klusteranalys tillämpades för att analysera enkätsvaren och besvara forskningsfrågorna. Fyra faktorer identifierades som betydelsefulla för lärares attityder. I klusteranalysen framträdde även fyra kluster baserat på likheter och mönster i lärarnas svar. Studiens slutsats är att lärares attityder gentemot matematik är komplexa och påverkas av flera faktorer som exempelvis self-efficacy, matematikängslan och självförtroende
Nöjd trots allt : En hermeneutisk studie av brukarnöjdhet i äldreomsorgen
No full textDenna studie handlar om brukarnöjdhet inom äldreomsorgen i Eskilstuna kommun. Syftet är att synliggöra de äldre brukarnas subjektiva upplevelse av hemtjänstens insatser i deras hem. Med hjälp av en hermeneutisk metodansats ämnar studien skapa en nyanserad och bred förståelse kring fenomenet. För att samla vår empiri har vi intervjuat nio äldre, kvinnliga brukare inom hemtjänsten, Eskilstuna kommun. För att förstå och tolka upplevelsen hos informanterna har vi använt oss av Trost & Levins teori symbolisk interaktionism utifrån Mead och Goffman, Antonovskys teori om KASAM och Strangs teori om existentiell hälsa. Resultatet presenterar vår studie i två olika steg med hjälp av den hermeneutisk spiralen. I första steget, det vill säga inledande tolkning hittade vi följande teman: kost och fysiskt välmående, bemötande och respekt, anpassning och acceptans, interaktion och kommunikation, trygghet samt utveckling och förbättring. I andra steget, det vill säga i den fördjupande tolkningen gjorde vi precisering av de tidigare teman och därmed hittade dessa teman: bemötande och tillgänglighet, mat och välbefinnande, förståelse och tolerans, samt delaktig och meningsfull. Vi kom fram till i resultatet att brukarna är nöjda trots alla synpunkter de lyfter upp som brister.
Didaktiskt samarbete för stöttning av flerspråkiga elevers språk- och kunskapsutveckling.
No full textThe overall aim of this dissertation is to gain a deeper understanding of pedagogical collaboration among mainstream teachers, special educational needs teachers, mother tongue teachers and multilingual study guidance tutors when supporting multilingual students' language and knowledge development in Swedish primary schools. The dissertation consists of a licentiate thesis, (Study I), two articles (Study II and Study III) and this introductory chapter, “kappa”. Study I, an ethnographic case study, was based on sociocultural perspectives (Vygotsky, 1999) in the design, collection, analysis, and discussion of data, which consisted of observation, interviews, informal conversations and other collected information about the class. In studies II and III, Bronstein's (2003) systematic literature review provided insight into influencing factors on interdisciplinary collaboration and was used in the analysis. Studies II and III, consisting of 13 in-depth interviews with mother tongue teachers/multilingual study guidance tutors teaching in 15 different languages. In this “kappa” the results of the three studies are synthesized by dint of Bronstein’s influencing factors on interdisciplinary collaborations. Thereafter, the results are discussed by utilizing sociocultural theories on teaching and learning as well as on recent research on pedagogical collaboration. The results of the analyses show that the collaboration between teachers, SEN-teachers and mother tongue teachers is mostly affected by structural characteristics. Besides structural characteristics, the collaboration between teachers, SEN-teachers and multilingual study guidance tutors is influenced by the perception of a tutor’s professional role, tutors’ and teachers’ personal characteristics as well as the history of collaboration. The findings indicate that the pedagogical collaboration between teachers, SEN-teachers, mother tongue teachers, and multilingual study guidance tutors could be significantly improved if better structures were created at policy level to facilitate the organization of pedagogical collaborations. Valuable pedagogical collaboration time could then focus on supporting multilingual students' language and knowledge development instead of solving practical or organizational matters. A more structured organization could also contribute to building a more sustainable future for pedagogical collaboration that is more holistic and responsive in relation to multilingual students’ needs