Pubmedia Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Indonesia
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Att vårdas isolerad på sjukhus för covid-19 : - Ur ett patientperspektiv
No full textBakgrund: Covid-19 pandemin medförde omfattande förändringar i hälso- och sjukvården, där isoleringsvård blev en central åtgärd för att minska smittspridning. Syfte: Att skapa en översikt av patienters upplevelser av isoleringsvård under pandemin. Metod: Tolv vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades, varav nio hade kvalitativ ansats medan tre använde kvantitativ eller mixad-metod. Resultat: Isoleringsvård påverkade patienterna psykiskt, emotionellt och socialt. Fyra huvudteman identifierades: psykiskt och emotionell påverkan, vårdrelationer, kommunikation och bemötande samt copingstrategier och vårdmiljön. Patienterna beskrev stark oro, rädsla och ångest, samtidigt som begränsad kontakt med närstående förstärkte känslan av ensamhet. Kommunikation med vårdpersonal framträdde som en avgörande faktor för upplevelsen av trygghet, men påverkades av skyddsutrustning och hög arbetsbelastning. Långvariga effekter såsom oro för återinsjuknande och upplevelser av stigmatisering rapporterades även efter utskrivning. Slutsats: Isoleringsvård under Covid-19 innebar betydande utmaningar för patienters psykiska och sociala välbefinnande, där vårdrelationen och kommunikationen hade en central betydelse för hur lidande upplevdes och hanterades. Nyckelord: copingstrategier, Covid-19, isolering, patientupplevelser, vårdrelation
Ett dygdetiskt perspektiv på förskollärares ledarskap och yrkeskunnande genom reflektion som verktyg
No full textThe overall aim of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of preschool teachers’ professional competence, with a particular focus on their leadership role in educational practice, and to explore how this can be interpreted through a virtue ethics perspective. A further aim is to examine how preschool teachers’ reflections within the framework of dialogue seminars can contribute to expanded insights into their own professional competence, and how such reflections may shape their understanding of their role as preschool teachers. Based on this overarching aim, the three sub-studies included in the thesis are guided by three research questions. The first question, “How do preschool teachers describe their professional competence, and which aspects are highlighted as particularly important in their narratives?”, is linked to the licentiate thesis (sub-study I). The second question, “How do preschool teachers understand and describe their pedagogical leadership through individual and collective reflection, with a focus on experiences of their practical actions in the leadership role? “, is connected to sub-study II. The third question, “What significance do individual and collective reflections have for preschool teachers’ insights into their leadership, in relation to personal, professional, and positional perspectives on leadership? “, guides sub-study III. The thesis contributes to addressing and problematizing the knowledge gaps identified in previous research by deepening the understanding of preschool teachers’ professional competence, with particular attention to their leadership role in educational practice. The results indicate that the leadership role of preschool teachers lacks a clear definition, which may lead to uncertainty regarding both its content and the preschool teachers’ mandate to act. This thesis therefore offers new perspectives on how preschool teachers’ leadership can be understood, supported, and developed in practice. It is grounded in three key theoretical frameworks. The first draws on Aristotle’s (1993 [1967]) tripartite conception of knowledge, episteme, techne, and phronesis, with particular emphasis on phronesis. The second framework is based on Saarukka’s theoretical model (2015, 2017), which offers a deeper understanding of preschool teachers’ professional competence, especially in relation to their leadership role within educational practice. Saarukka’s model encompasses personal, professional, and positional dimensions of leadership. The third theoretical foundation is a virtue ethics perspective, which serves as an analytical lens in the synthesizing analysis of the thesis’s three sub-studies (Study I, Study II, Study III). Virtue ethics enables a nuanced understanding of how preschool teachers’ professional competence and leadership are shaped through practical wisdom (phronesis), ethical judgement, and reflective practice in everyday educational situations. In this thesis, virtue ethics is used to illuminate how preschool teachers’ leadership can be understood as rooted in their experience-based professional knowledge. This thesis also draws attention to the dialogue seminar (Hammarén, 1999, 2018) as a data collection method, with the aim of achieving a deeper understanding of the professional skills of preschool teachers. Through the dialogue seminar as a form, the preschool teachers in all three studies were given the opportunity to reflect on their professional skills both individually and collectively. The findings in the synthesis indicate that the dialogue seminars provided preschool teachers with opportunities to become more aware of, and expand, their previously held understandings of the pedagogical responsibilities expected of them in their professional role. Taken together, these insights contribute to the field of didactics by clarifying the central significance of leadership within preschool practice. This contribution is relevant for several target groups: students in preschool teacher education, practicing preschool teachers, principals, and teacher educators at universities
Against Practice : An Artistic Theory of Knowledge
No full textAs artistic research grows into an established mode of academic inquiry, it has become possible to distinguish a ruling metaparadigm which we denote as the practice paradigm. This paradigm is to a large extent based on the argument that artistic research is not equipped to produce standalone theories, but instead offers ways to develop and disseminate knowledge through sensory media and embodiment. The foundations for this argument are not grounded in actual expressions of artistic reasoning and reflection in a wider perspective. The enforcement of this paradigm furthermore concerns the challenges that maturing artistic research faces in co-existing with scientific research in institutional settings. We argue that the fixation on personal practice imposes unnecessary restrictions on artistic researchers and that the reduction of exploratory artmaking to applied practices is superficial, as it ignores the way artistic theorizing has tended to be done earlier in non-institutional settings. In this position paper, we review epistemological and methodological claims made by influential promoters of the metaparadigm and critique the justification of the approach. Moreover, we propose a way to move beyond the practice paradigm by reconnecting exploratory artmaking to a kind of artistic theorization that generates creative frameworks for conceptual ideas, styles, and formats rather than a catalogue of implemented works by individual practitioners. We also speculate that the articulation of the philosophical underpinnings of artistic research in its first phase might be a premature response to a theoretical crisis in the arts in general—a crisis that indeed calls for creative solutions, but has so far been met primarily with a defense of practice
Key competencies for sustainable development in technology education – from preschool through secondary school
No full textKey competencies for sustainability (KCS) have been identified as essential for individuals to develop in order to address the complex and interconnected challenges of modern society, many of which involve technology in various ways. Education at all levels—from early childhood to higher education—should provide opportunities for students to cultivate these competencies. This study explores how education prior to university (from preschool to secondary school) can create opportunities for young people to develop KCS, with a particular focus on the subject of technology. The research questions guiding this study are: (1) which KCS are included and taught in technology education at the preschool, primary, and secondary levels? (2) what does the progression of KCS in technology look like from preschool through primary and secondary school? To address these questions, we conducted a systematic literature review and analysed Swedish curriculum documents. The findings reveal that all eight KCS outlined by UNESCO (2017) are relevant and can be developed within technology education at the preschool, primary, and secondary school levels. However, three of the KCS are particularly prominent in the Swedish technology curriculum, while international research studies highlight the relevance of four competencies to technology education. We also identified a progression in KCS development described in the literature, which begins with a focus on “soft” transversal competencies during the early years and advances toward more disciplinary competencies in later years. Finally, we highlight significant gaps in existing research that warrant further investigation
Erfarenheter Av Att Vara Anhörigvårdare Till En Person Med Demenssjukdom : En Litteraturöversikt Ur Anhörigvårdares Perspektiv
No full textBackground: Dementia affects the whole family system, and family caregivers often assume extensive responsibility at home, which may cause burden but can also be experienced as meaningful. Aim: The aim was to map experiences of being a family caregiver for a person with dementia. Method: A literature review was conducted with searches in CINAHL Plus and PubMed. Peer-reviewed articles from the past five years were included. Ten high-quality articles using qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods were analysed in a stepwise process and synthesised. Results: Three themes were identified: emotional impact, relational impact, and creating structure in everyday life. Experiences were characterized by emotional ambivalence where stress, guilt, grief and exhaustion coexisted with closeness and meaningfulness. Relationships and roles changed due to impaired communication and increased decision-making responsibility, which could contribute to loneliness and conflicts but also to maintained connectedness through adapted strategies. Creating structure in everyday life involved planning, routines, information-seeking, and coping strategies. The need for support was evident; however, barriers such as lack of continuity and administrative burden impeded respite. Conclusion: Dementia caregiving was a long-term life situation reshaping emotions, relationships and everyday structure, highlighting the need for continuous and individualised support.Bakgrund: Demenssjukdom påverkar hela familjesystemet och innebär ofta att anhörigvårdare tar ett stort ansvar i hemmet, vilket kan leda till belastning men även upplevelser av meningsfullhet. Syfte: Syftet var att kartlägga erfarenheter av att vara anhörigvårdare till en person med demenssjukdom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes med sökningar i CINAHL Plus och PubMed. Peer review-granskade artiklar publicerade under de senaste fem åren inkluderades. Tio artiklar av hög kvalitet med kvalitativ, kvantitativ och mixad metod analyserades stegvis enligt Fribergs modell och sammanfördes i en syntes. Resultat: Tre teman identifierades: emotionell påverkan, relationell påverkan samt att skapa struktur i vardagen. Erfarenheterna präglades av emotionell dubbelhet där stress, skuld, sorg och utmattning samexisterade med närhet och meningsfullhet. Relationer och roller förändrades genom försämrad kommunikation och ökat beslutsansvar, vilket kunde bidra till ensamhet och konflikter men också bevara samhörighet genom anpassade strategier. Att skapa struktur i vardagen innefattade planering, rutiner, informationssökande och copingstrategier. Behov av stöd var tydligt, men hinder som bristande kontinuitet och administrativ belastning försvårade avlastning. Slutsats: Att vara anhörigvårdare till en person med demens var en långvarig livssituation som omformade känsloliv, relationer och vardagsstruktur, vilket understryker behovet av kontinuerligt och individanpassat stöd
Test Automation for Industrial Programmable Logic Controller Software: From Requirements to Executable Tests
No full textProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLCs), which are specialized computers used to control machines and processes in industrial settings, play a vital role in the automation industry. Testing these systems to identify faults during the development phase, especially for safety-critical applications such as crane control in ports or train control systems, is crucial to ensuring the system's safety in operation. Current PLC testing practices are mostly manual, and it has been a challenge for both practitioners and researchers to develop robust, applicable test automation techniques and tools that are relevant in practice. This thesis proposes test automation solutions for PLC programs, which can improve current testing practices by augmenting manual testing. We first propose a method for selecting an appropriate test automation framework for PLCs, derived from a grey literature review and a set of empirically validated evaluation criteria. To achieve practical integration of test automation solutions, we design a method and tool, PyLC+, for automated program-to-program translation from PLC to Python. Our tool automatically translates a PLC program into executable Python code, and then verifies the latter against given assertions, using an automated Python program verifier called Nagini. PyLC+ then uses metaheuristic algorithms for automated test generation. In addition, we introduce a domain-specific LLM, PyLC-M1, which serves as an interactive test-automation assistant within PyLC+. It assists the generation of verification harnesses for formal PLC analysis while operating entirely in secure, offline environments. Investigating the applicability of a well-known syntax notation pattern for semi-formal requirements specification, called Easy Approach to Requirements Syntax, for specification-based testing through a controlled experiment is another contribution of this thesis. The applicability and efficiency of the proposed testing and verification solutions in this thesis have been evaluated on real-world industrial use cases.Programmerbara logikstyrenheter (PLC), som är specialiserade datorer som används för att styra maskiner och processer i industriella miljöer, spelar en viktig roll inom automationsindustrin. Att testa dessa system för att identifiera fel under utvecklingsfasen, särskilt för säkerhetskritiska applikationer som kranstyrning i hamnar eller tågstyrningssystem, är avgörande för att säkerställa systemets säkerhet i drift. Nuvarande PLC-testmetoder är mestadels manuella, och det har varit en utmaning för både praktiker och forskare att utveckla robusta, tillämpliga testautomationstekniker och verktyg som är relevanta i praktiken. Denna avhandling föreslår testautomationslösningar för PLC-program, vilka kan förbättra nuvarande testmetoder genom att utöka manuell testning. Vi föreslår först en metod för att välja ett lämpligt testautomationsramverk för PLC, härlett från en grå litteraturgenomgång och en uppsättning empiriskt validerade utvärderingskriterier. För att uppnå praktisk integration av testautomationslösningar designar vi en metod och ett verktyg, PyLC+, för automatiserad program-till-program-översättning från PLC till Python. Vårt verktyg översätter automatiskt ett PLC-program till körbar Python-kod och verifierar sedan det senare mot givna påståenden med hjälp av en automatiserad Python-programverifierare som heter Nagini. PyLC+ använder sedan metaheuristiska algoritmer för automatiserad testgenerering. Dessutom introducerar vi en domänspecifik LLM, PyLC-M1, som fungerar som en interaktiv testautomationsassistent inom PyLC+. Den hjälper till att generera verifieringsverktyg för formell PLC-analys samtidigt som den arbetar helt i säkra offline-miljöer. Att undersöka tillämpligheten av ett välkänt syntaxnotationsmönster för semiformell kravspecifikation, kallat Easy Approach to Requirements Syntax, för specifikationsbaserad testning genom ett kontrollerat experiment är ytterligare ett bidrag från denna avhandling. Tillämpligheten och effektiviteten hos de föreslagna test- och verifieringslösningarna i denna avhandling har utvärderats på verkliga industriella användningsfall
Påverkan av turbindrift vid införing av en större hetvattenackumulator : Analys av en turbins förändrade driftmönster efter införandet av större hetvattenackumulator för värmelagring
No full textThis thesis investigates how the operation of Turbine 6 at Mälarenergi has changed after a large underground hot-water storage system was put into operation. The storage makes it possible to store heat when the demand is low and use it later, which reduces the need to adjust the turbine’s load in real time. The purpose of the study is to examine how the turbine’s operating patterns, average output, efficiency, and role in the electricity and reserve markets have been affected by the introduction of the heat storage system. The work is based on a comparison of operating data from before and after the storage was activated. The analysis includes start and stop frequency, electricity and heat production, efficiency, and how much of the available energy was not used. The results show that the turbine now runs more steadily and needs fewer starts and stops. Both electric and heat output have increased, and the turbine’s efficiency has improved. The amount of unused energy has also decreased, which means the turbine is used more effectively. Overall, the study shows that the heat storage has made the system more flexible and efficient. Turbine 6 can operate closer to its optimal load, while Mälarenergi gains better opportunities to adjust production according to changes in electricity prices and heat demand.INT
Nitrous oxide formation in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems : Occurrence and Mitigation of N₂O in the MBR Line: A Comparison with the Activated Sludge Line at Henriksdal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Stockholm
No full textNitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from wastewater treatment plants represent a significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and are strongly influenced by biological nitrogen removal processes and operational conditions. This thesis investigates the occurrence and drivers of N₂O emissions at Henriksdal wastewater treatment plant in Stockholm, Sweden, through a comparison between a membrane bioreactor (MBR) line and a conventional activated sludge (CAS) line. Two monitoring scenarios were evaluated: Scenario A representing the baseline sensor placement used at the plant, and Scenario B involving relocation of sensors to assess the influence of monitoring location and potential emission hotspots. Continuous water-phase N₂O measurements were conducted in both treatment lines. N₂O emissions were quantified using gas–liquid mass transfer modelling based on the Unisense methodology and expressed as emission factors relative to influent nitrogen load to enable direct comparison between the treatment lines. The monitoring was complemented by grab sampling of key nitrogen species, including ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and volatile fatty acids. In addition, historical data from the CAS line were analysed, including both gas-phase and water-phase N₂O measurements together with corresponding operational parameters, to evaluate their impact on emission dynamics. Under Scenario A, the emission factor for the CAS line was higher than for the MBR line, and the CAS line also exhibited greater temporal variability and higher emission peaks. Following sensor relocation in Scenario B, substantially lower emission factors were obtained for both treatment lines, demonstrating the strong influence of sensor placement on calculated emissions. Variations in ammonium load, dissolved oxygen availability, and aeration conditions were identified as key drivers of N₂O formation. Finally, an energy assessment showed higher specific energy consumption for the MBR line compared with the CAS line, indicating differences in energy demand between the two treatment technologies
PALLIATIV VÅRD I SJUKHUSMILJÖ : En allmän litteraturöversikt ur sjuksköterskors perspektiv
No full textBackground: Palliative care is medical care for patients with severe incurable illnesses where this type of care aims to improve the patients quality of life. This type of medical care includes physical care, emotional care and spiritual assistance in some cases. Nurses in palliative care have an important role but face huge challenges in this field. Aim: To explore the nurses’ experiences in palliative care within hospital settings. Method: Based on ten reviewed scientific literature articles, with eight articles being qualitative, and two were quantitative. Results: Four main categories were lifted up that affect the nurses’ experience in palliative care. Of them are: emotional challenges, ethical challenges, lack of education in regard to palliative care, the role of communication and insufficient organisation structure. To ensure quality care for the patients, it was crucial to have a clear and empathetic communication with patients, families and colleagues. Nurses have also reported distress, emotional burden, especially the resource limited work environment where the organisational infrastructure may be insufficient sometimes. The lack of education for palliative care is also mentioned. Conclusion: Strengthening the nurses’ skills through a continuous education and skill development is a key strategy going forward. It also requires an improved communication training, and a better organisational support to ensure a better care for patients and a better working environment for nurses.
ATT FRÄMJA ÄTANDE HOS ÄLDRE : En litteraturöversikt om äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus
No full textBackground: Malnutrition is common among older adults who are hospitalized and is influenced by several interacting factors such as impaired oral health, underlying illness, and organizational barriers. Incomplete nutritional status can lead to serious complications such as delayed wound healing; increased risk of falls and prolonged hospital stays. Mealtimes play a crucial role in nutritional intake and quality of life but are affected by biological, psychological and environmental factors. Aim: To describe what promotes eating among older adults who are hospitalized. Method: A general literature review based on thirteen articles: seven quantitative, three qualitative, and three mixed-method studies. Results: Sensory stimuli, the importance of independence and social relationships are key factors in promoting eating among older patients in hospital settings. Individually adapted meals and support from staff or relatives contribute to increased appetite and improved food intake, particularly in a pleasant dining environment. Conclusion: A supportive mealtime situation involves more than meeting nutritional needs, it must be designed with sensory elements, opportunities for independence and social interaction. These factors, as interpreted through Eriksson’s theoretical framework, may promote health and alleviate suffering. The nurse’s role is central, where understanding, presence and individually adapted interventions from the basis safe and meaningful care that promotes eating and reduce the risk of undernutrition