Pubmedia Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Indonesia
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Att planera för delaktighet : Lärares didaktiska val i anpassad gymnasieskolas nationella program utifrån Lundys modell
No full textSjälvbestämmande lyfts i forskning och policy som en central förutsättning för att unga ska kunna leva ett aktivt och meningsfullt vuxenliv. Samtidigt visar studier att elever i anpassad gymnasieskola ofta ges begränsade möjligheter till reellt inflytande. Denna studie undersöker hur lärare beskriver sin planering av undervisning för att stärka elevers självbestämmande, delaktighet och inkludering. Planeringsfasen betraktas som en hittills relativt outforskad men avgörande arena där didaktiska och etiska avvägningar formar de strukturella villkor som möjliggör agens – både i stunden och över tid. Studien baserades på intervjuer med tolv lärare verksamma inom anpassad gymnasieskolas nationella program. Analysen genomfördes med reflexiv tematisk analys i en abduktiv ansats. Lundys modell (Space, Voice, Audience, Influence) användes som primär analysram för att synliggöra vilka strukturer som möjliggjorde reellt inflytande. SDT och CAT användes som tolkningsstöd för att fördjupa förståelsen av hur lärares planeringspraktiker beskrev skapandet av förutsättningar för autonomi, motivation och agens, genom återkommande valmöjligheter och former för återkoppling. Resultaten visade att lärare beskrev reell delaktighet som beroende av stabila och förutsägbara ramar, tillgängliga uttrycksytor, kollegialt lyssnande och små, kontinuerliga justeringar av undervisningen. Dessa processer beskrevs av lärarna som sätt att göra sambandet mellan elevuttryck och beslut synligt och begripligt, vilket i analysen förståddes som centrala förutsättningar för utveckling av agens över tid. Delaktigheten framträdde samtidigt som sårbar för organisatoriska avbrott och bristande kontinuitet, vilket försvagade sambandet mellan elevuttryck och faktisk påverkan. Studien visade att lärarna beskrev planeringen som en långsiktig stödstruktur där didaktiska och etiska val skapade villkor för elevernas möjligheter att utveckla självbestämmande och förmågor som är betydelsefulla för deras framtida vuxenliv. Genom att integrera Lundys modell med SDT och CAT synliggjordes hur planeringspraktiker kunde förstås som en investering i elevernas framtida livschanser, snarare än som uttryck för inflytande i stunden
A critical review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of the professional development teachers typically receive
No full textIn this review, we map and summarize studies examining the effects of teachers’ participation in professional development (PD) on teaching practices and student achievement based on nationally representative datasets, reflecting both the teacher population and the PD they typically receive. We also critically assess the statistical approaches used in these studies to evaluate the credibility and robustness of their findings. The reviewed studies demonstrate that large-scale datasets (e.g., TIMSS and NAEP) offer valuable opportunities to study PD in representative settings. However, only a minority of the studies adequately address the methodological challenges associated with these datasets. As a result, while our meta-analysis indicates that PD participation correlates with teaching practices and student achievement, we caution against interpreting these results as causal due to methodological limitations in most of the reviewed studies. Finally, we propose strategies for future research to produce more credible results
A numerical investigation of particle deposition on a substrate
No full textThe deposition of nanometer-scale particles is of significant interest in various industrial processes. Although these particles offer several advantages, their deposition can have detrimental effects, such as reducing the heat transfer efficiency in nanofluid-based battery cooling systems. In this study, we investigated particle deposition around different square substrate configurations and experimentally obtained a complex porous structure in a two-dimensional setup. The particles were modeled as concentration fields using the lattice Boltzmann method, with a given external flow following a parabolic profile. Our results revealed that the deposition of particles around a substrate increases with higher fluid velocity, larger particle concentration, and higher deposition probability. Additionally, placing a number of substrates in the channel resulted in an increase in deposition on upstream substrates compared to those on downstream ones. As particle deposition around upstream substrates increases, it eventually obstructs the flow to downstream regions, thereby affecting overall system performance. The insights gained from this simplified model of particle deposition will play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of deposition processes in complex systems
Accelerated commercial battery electrode-level degradation diagnosis via only 11-point charging segments
No full textAccelerated and accurate degradation diagnosis is imperative for the management and reutilization of commercial lithium-ion batteries in the upcoming TWh era. Different from traditional methods, this work proposes a hybrid framework for rapid and accurate degradation diagnosis at the electrode level combining both deep learning, which is used to rapidly and robustly predict polarization-free incremental capacity analysis (ICA) curves in minutes, and physical modeling, which is used to quantitatively reveal the electrode-level degradation modes by decoupling them from the ICA curves. Only measured charging current and voltage signals are used. Results demonstrates that 11 points collected at any starting state-of-charge (SOC) in a minimum of 2.5 minutes are sufficient to obtain reliable ICA curves with a mean root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.2774 Ah/V. Accordingly, battery status can be accurately elevated based on their degradation at both macro and electrode levels. Through transfer learning, such a method can also be adapted to different battery chemistries, indicating the enticing potential for wide applications
An Empirical Investigation of Requirements Engineering and Testing Utilizing EARS Notation in PLC Programs
No full textRegulatory standards for engineering safety-critical systems often demand both traceable requirements and specification-based testing, during development. Requirements are often written in natural language, yet for specification purposes, this may be supplemented by formal or semi-formal descriptions, to increase clarity. However, the choice of notation of the latter is often constrained by the designers’ training, skills, and preferences. The Easy Approach to Requirements Syntax (EARS) addresses the inherent imprecision of natural language requirements concerning potential ambiguity and lack of accuracy. This paper investigates requirements specification using EARS, and specification-based testing of embedded software written in the IEC 61131-3 language, a programming standard for developing programmable logic controllers (PLC). Further, we study, utilizing an experiment, how human participants translate natural language requirements into EARS and how they use the latter to test PLC software. We report our observations during the experiments, including the type of EARS patterns that participants use to structure natural language requirements and challenges during the specification phase, and present the results of testing based on EARS-formalized requirements in real-world industrial settings
Are you in or are you out? : A longitudinal person-centered study of health and entrance and exit into self-employment
No full textThis study addresses the scarcity of research on health developments in the heterogeneous group of self-employed workers. It aims at understanding typical health progressions in this group and associations with demographic factors, work characteristics, and self-employment decisions. We investigate health profiles based on mental health problems, self-rated health, and work satisfaction, as well as transitions between them in relation to work effort, reward, overcommitment, demographic characteristics, and entrance and exit into self-employment. Using latent transition analysis, we analyzed data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH), including data from 593 participants. We identified four distinct, stable health profiles, revealing associations with work effort, reward, overcommitment, and self-employment decisions. No meaningful relations existed for demographic characteristics. Overall, the findings offer a comprehensive perspective on the health dynamics of self-employed individuals, their associations with work characteristics and decisions to enter and exit self-employment
”Det är någonting som gör att eleven inte kan … än.” : En studie om främjande läsutveckling för elever med språkstörning
No full textSyfte med denna studie är att få en djupare förståelse för hur lärare beskriver arbetet med att främja läsutveckling hos elever med språkstörning och vilka förhållningssätt samt undervisningsmetoder kan vara framgångsrika för att främja läsutveckling för elever med språkstörning. Åtta intervjuer gjordes i en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semistrukturerade intervjuer från två olika kommuner. Urvalet var lärare med lång undervisningserfarenhet samt erfarenhet av elever med språkstörning. Samtliga informanter har lärarbehörighet samt tre av dem speciallärarbehörighet inom språk, läs- och skrivutveckling. Resultatet visade att kombinationen av grafem – fonemkoppling samt språkutvecklande arbetssätt är till gagn, vilket även är evidensbaserat enligt forskning.
Choosing the Best Digital Health Literacy Measure for Research : Mixed Methods Study
No full textBackground: The global demographic shift towards longer life expectancy and complex health needs is increasing the number of people with chronic diseases, placing pressure on health and care systems. With the digitalization of healthcare, digital Health Literacy (dHL), or the use of digital skills in health, is gaining importance. It involves navigating digital health information, using digital tools effectively, and making informed health decisions. Measuring dHL can help identify gaps and develop strategies to improve dHL and health, ensuring citizens equal opportunity to participate in a digital healthcare system. The European project “The Improving Digital Empowerment for Active and Healthy Living (IDEAHL)” with the objective to empower European Union citizens to use digital instruments to take a more active role in managing their health and well-being creates the base for this overview Objective: This paper aims to conduct an overview of existing assessment tools for measuring dHL and recommend strategies for choosing relevant assessment tools. Methods: This study was carried out as a mixed method study initiated by a scoping review (10 scientific databases, 14 databases with grey literature and 14 predefined reports) in addition to three papers published after finalisations the literature search in IDEAHL, followed by a qualitative workshop study and a final analysis combining results. Results: The literature search resulted in 33 papers on dHL instruments, that was analyzed together with three recently published reviews and findings from a workshop with 13 champions (understood as professionals with expertise in HL and dHL) from five countries (Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Australia, and Germany) representing the health sector or health literacy research. Future tools should adapt to the latest trends and technologies, considering attitudes towards digital health and trust in its services. They should identify beneficiaries of digital health services, measure the impact of dHL interventions, and objectively evaluate functional skills. These tools should be evidence-based, validate instruments, interpret dHL results, and capture diverse experiences to reveal health behaviour changes. Conclusions: The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), despite being the most frequently utilized tool, has limitations in scope and adaptability. Future tools need to reflect digital trends, encompassing individual skills. However, it is important to note that the ‘adequacy’ of dHL is context-specific and relies on healthcare systems and the technology provided, particularly the user interface. The focus should be on health improvement, not just elevating dHL levels. A comprehensive approach to dHL assessments addressing diversity and relevance is crucial. Ethical considerations in dHL, including privacy and data security, are important due to potential feelings of shame among those with low literacy levels
Comparative Analysis of Battery Degradation Using EIS and Differential Capacity Methods for Single Cells and Modules
No full textBattery degradation plays a critical role in determining battery performance and in predicting the remaining useful life (RUL). Several methods exist to monitor degradation. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is well-suited for single cells, but its application becomes more challenging when analyzing battery modules composed of multiple cells connected in series. Differential capacity analysis, expressed as either differential capacity versus voltage (dQ/dV) or differential voltage versus capacity (dV/dQ), can be applied to both single cells and modules. EIS allows tracking the deterioration of specific internal mechanisms within a cell. In contrast, the differential methods provide partial insights into these mechanisms. Typically, the dQ/dV curve exhibits three distinct peaks, which can be monitored over time to quantitatively assess the degree of degradation. This, in turn, enables the estimation of the state of health (SOH), and, to a certain extent, the remaining useful life provided that the data is correlated with results from batteries that have been cycled under controlled conditions. The paper presents examples demonstrating this approach, including comparisons between single cells and cells arranged in series
Current Insight on Eco-Friendly Concrete : A Review
No full textConcrete is known for its high structural performance and workability, but itsenvironmental impact is significant in terms of the utilization of virgin resources and greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate the negative climate effects of concrete, it is essential tocontinuously develop and adopt eco-friendly practices in the construction sector. This paper provides an overview of current practices, opportunities, and challenges for developingand adopting eco-friendly concrete. Promising paths for eco-friendly concrete constructioninclude using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) instead of energy-intensivetraditional cement, incorporating locally available, waste-based materials rather than virginresources, adopting recycling and reusing techniques, employing advanced technologies,such as performance-enhanced concrete and carbon capture and utilization techniques, etc.Among the studied materials, some waste materials such as rice husk ash, mine tailings,and municipal solid waste ash have found potential and demand further research. Theadoption of new materials in concrete and attributing them in practices faces significantsocial, economic, and regulatory challenges. Addressing these obstacles requires interdisciplinary research and development, the establishment of clear standards and incentives,and educating skilled professionals and efforts to raise social awareness.