Pubmedia Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Indonesia
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What Does Resting Time Rest Upon? : A Hermeneutic Study of Preschool Teachers’ Pedagogical Perspectives and Ambitions Regarding Resting Time in Relation to the Holistic Approach in Preschool Education
No full textDenna studies syfte är att undersöka och få djupare förståelse av vakenvilans innebörd i förskolans utbildning ur förskollärares perspektiv. Detta görs genom att undersöka hur förskollärare ser på och förhåller sig till vakenvilan utifrån förskolans helhetssyn samt vilka pedagogiska ambitioner de uttrycker. Studien bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex förskollärare. I studien används en hermeneutisk tolkande ansats för att skapa förståelse för det som undersöks. I resultatet framkommer att förskollärare betonar omsorg men att vakenvilan samtidigt uppfattas som ett potentiellt tillfälle för utveckling och lärande. Slutsatsen för studien är att det finns en tradition och rutin om vakenvilans praktik i förskolan som begränsar en vakenvila där helhetssynen tas i beaktning
Mellan yrkesroll och personliga erfarenheter : En kvalitativ studie om den komplexa vardagen i arbetet med alkoholproblematik.
No full textThe purpose of this study is to use interviews to examine rreatment provider’s perceptions of working with clients who have alcohol problems. The study also aims to highlight whether the treatment providers own view on alcohol has changed in different contexts, such as in their private lives, in their professional roles, and in their relationship to colleagues. The study is based on semi structured interviews with six professional treatment providers, which were analyzed using a thematic approach to identify common themes. The results show that working with alcohol is experienced as complex and emotionally demanding where the relationship whit the client is a central part of the treatment process. The treatment providers describe how professional boundaries, collegial support and opportunities for recovery are crucial for sustaining their professional role over time. The study also shows that the work affects the treatment provider own attitudes towards alcohol, were increased awareness and reflection often lead to changed attitudes in their private lives as well. Overall, the study highlights how the professional role of treatment providers characterized by the balance between professional responsibility, personal influence and organizational conditions
En kvalitativ studie om hur lärare i årskurs 1 och 2 främjar andraspråkselevers läsutveckling i svenskämnet
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur lärare i årskurs 1-2 arbetar för att främja andraspråkselevers läsutveckling, samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar lärarna beskriver med detta arbete. I studien har data samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och bearbetats utifrån en tematisk analys. Studiens resultat visar att arbetet med andraspråkselevers läsutveckling inte enbart handlar om lärarens didaktiska val och arbetssätt, utan mer om att hela undervisningen behöver utgå från ett andraspråksperspektiv. Utifrån resultatet kunde vi dra slutsatsen att arbetet med andraspråkselever kräver medvetna didaktiska val för att undervisningen ska präglas av ett andraspråksperspektiv.
Elevers känslomässiga upplevelser och lärande i matematik : Kvantitativa samband och lärares uppfattningar och strategier
No full textStudien undersöker sambandet mellan matematikångest och elevers prestationer i matematik, särskilt med hänsyn till könsskillnader. Vidare undersöks lärares strategier för att förebygga och hantera matematikångest. Studien genomfördes med mixad metod innefattande kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. Den kvantitativa metoden utgörs av tester i matematik och enkäter om matematikångest. Den kvalitativa metoden utgörs av intervjuer med elevernas lärare. Totalt deltog 66 elever i årskurs 4-6 och sex lärare. Kvantitativa analysen Chi2 test för oberoende visar inga statistiskt signifikant samband mellan matematikångest och prestationer i matematik. Dessutom fanns inga signifikanta skillnader mellan pojkar och flickor vad gäller matematikångest eller presentationer på test. Dessa resultat stämmer inte med tidigare forskning som visar att testresultaten mellan flickor och pojkar är snarlika och att flickor uppvisar något högre nivåer av ångest. De kvalitativa resultaten, utifrån lärarintervjuerna, visar på betydelsen av tryggt klassrumsklimat, individuell undervisning i mindre sammanhang, befästandet av grunderna och tidiga stödinsatser. Andra betydande aspekter som framkommer är anpassade provsituationer, en lustfylld och engagerande undervisning med utgångspunkt i elevernas intressen och vikten av uppmuntrande och snabb återkoppling där även små framsteg belyses. Forskningen betonar även vikten av lärarens undervisning och förhållningssätt. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att matematikångest formas av ett mångdimensionellt samspel mellan emotionella, kognitiva och sociala faktorer. Detta understryker vikten av att pedagoger intar ett helhetsperspektiv på eleven för att kunna förstå och bemöta ångesten på ett effektivt sätt.
Advanced Hybrid Reasoning and Transfer Learning on Multimodal Data with Transformers
No full textReasoning is a vital process in machine learning (ML), involving making inferences and drawing conclusions based on data. This capability is important for developing intelligent systems which can understand and predict complex patterns. The study investigates reasoning through two distinct methodologies: multimodal reasoning and transfer learning based reasoning. In the first approach, multimodal reasoning is used with a semi-supervised method to label unlabelled datasets. In the second approach, transfer learning has been used to transfer knowledge of data from one model to another. Both approaches are demonstrated using unlabelled vehicular telemetry data. During processing, three sets of telemetry data are used to extract features separately through the autoencoder. These features are then clustered and aligned to create labelled and unlabelled datasets. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm achieved over 98% test accuracy when applied to the labelled datasets and was then used to predict labels for the unlabelled datasets, which were later added to the labelled dataset to form three datasets for further processing. In transfer learning, a transformer model specifically designed to handle continuous features is developed. Labelled datasets are applied to the transformer model, one after the other, resulting in three final models, with each model achieving over 80% accuracy. The model’s prediction confidence is also validated using conformal learning, where the final models achieved over 80% accuracy. The transformer model is also separately trained on the datasets and compared with traditional ML models, outperforming the others by achieving an accuracy of 98%. By building on the groundwork laid by this study, future research can push the boundaries of what is possible with reasoning approaches, opening up new paths for scientific exploration and practical applications in different fields
Balancing between collaboration and autonomy : leadership insights from a Swedish preschool research-practice partnership
No full textPurpose This study examines whether the research-practice partnership (RPP) model supports preschool education leaders in navigating the new power dynamics of collaborative decision-making introduced by recent public reforms in Sweden and, if so, how it facilitates this process. It examines decision-making processes within a Swedish RPP focused on preschool improvement, with a particular emphasis on the negotiation between autonomy, control, and collaboration. Design/methodology/approach This study is a qualitative case study, drawing on 33 h of recorded meetings from a Swedish RPP initiative between 2022 and 2023. Key data include board and process manager meetings with an analytic focus on identifying key tensions and negotiations surrounding autonomy, control and collaboration. Findings The researchers and preschool practitioners negotiated among autonomy, collaboration and control throughout their work together. While initial agreements emphasized autonomous responsibilities reflecting traditional, separate roles of research and local development, tensions later emerged regarding the level of involvement. The study identifies a shift towards “collaborative autonomy,” where members of the partnership could balance both independence and collective decision-making. Originality/value This study contributes in three key ways. First, it shows how RPPs can support educational leaders in navigating tensions between autonomy and collaboration through engagement with research and researchers. Second, it highlights the evolving negotiation process within the partnership, introducing “collaborative autonomy” as a guiding concept. Finally, it extends the RPP discussion beyond the USA, exploring how the model adapts to different national and policy contexts
Comparative analysis of text mining and clustering techniques for assessing functional dependency between manual test cases
No full textText mining techniques, particularly those leveraging machine learning for natural language processing, have gained significant attention for qualitative data analysis in software testing. However, their complexity and lack of transparency can pose challenges, especially in safety-critical domains where simpler, interpretable solutions are often preferred unless accuracy is heavily compromised. This study investigates the trade-offs between complexity, effort, accuracy, and utility in text mining and clustering techniques, focusing on their application for detecting functional dependencies among manual integration test cases in safety-critical systems. Using empirical data from an industrial testing project at ALSTOM Sweden, we evaluate various string distance methods, NCD compressors, and machine learning approaches. The results highlight the impact of preprocessing techniques, such as tokenization, and intrinsic factors, such as text length, on algorithm performance. Findings demonstrate how text mining and clustering can be optimized for safety-critical contexts, offering actionable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to balance simplicity and effectiveness in their testing workflows
Development, use and evaluation of a national digital platform for physiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic - lessons learned
No full textBackground: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Swedish healthcare system was challenged, and the need for knowledge regarding how to treat, rehabilitate and evaluate patients was acknowledged from healthcare professionals’ perspective. In March 2020, three clinical researchers constructed a digital platform to facilitate communication among physiotherapists at a national level in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to describe the development process of the Swedish Physiotherapy Platform (SwePPt) and further, to evaluate the need for support and knowledge for physiotherapists in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive study, containing a process evaluation based on retrospective quantitative and qualitative data from the platform, field notes, memos and a digital survey about the use of the platform. Results: From April 2020 to January 2023, 26 webinars were held, reaching a minimum of 25 and a maximum of 204 computers. A total of 1854 visitors registered at SwePPt. The visitors represented 20 of 21 regions of Sweden and worked in hospitals, regional or municipal primary health care, private care, and other areas. The survey was answered by 228 participants (86% female, mean 51 (9.2) years) with 98% being physiotherapists. The majority (28.9%), worked in hospitals. Material from the SwePPt was used in clinical everyday life, as reported by 89%, and 61% downloaded materials related to treatment methods (80%), assessment instruments (61%) and articles (50%) and 70% reported they shared the information with others. Conclusion: The evaluation of the SwePPt discovered that the digital platform was an important source of reliable, up-to-date knowledge and was used to facilitate clinical knowledge mobilization. Furthermore, it is recommended to establish a structured approach for knowledge sharing to be prepared for future crises. Trial registration: An ethical statement was registered by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, with Dnr 2023-00040-01.
Automatic Transformation of natural language requirements to Programmable Logic Controller Open Extensible Markup Language using Large Language Models (LLM)
No full textThe transformation from requirements engineering (RE) into design artifacts presents a valuable opportunity for software development in contexts such as industrial automation. This thesis explores the feasibility of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) through Large Language Models (LLMs) to convert textual requirements into structured outputs, such as Function Block Diagrams (FBDs) in PLCopen XML format. The research aims to mitigate the challenges of manual transformation processes, including inefficiencies, ambiguity, and the growing complexity of software systems. Leveraging offline, portable, and open-source LLMs, the study evaluates their ability to generate accurate and semantically aligned structured FBD outputs. Experiments were conducted using synthetic datasets with varying levels of complexity and interdependence. Results demonstrate that larger models excel in producing high-quality outputs, particularly when supported by prompt engineering techniques. However, these models face challenges in handling specific nuances. Smaller models, while faster, exhibit limitations in managing complex or ambiguous requirements. This thesis contributes to the field by providing insights into the practical deployment of AI-driven solutions for RE (NLP4RE), emphasizing the importance of balancing automation with human oversight. The work highlights future research opportunities, including optimizing resource-efficient models, expanding datasets to real-world scenarios, and posting all the code used in public repositories to enhance reproducibility
Navigating fidelity-adaptation dilemmas during the application of evidence-based interventions
No full textModern health and welfare services are increasingly characterized by standardized methods and growing demands for services to be grounded in scientific findings. At the same time, professionals are expected to exercise judgment to meet individual needs. This thesis explores how this tension manifests in the way that professionals navigate fidelity–adaptation dilemmas while providing parenting programs in community settings in Sweden. Through a combination of qualitative interviews and a discrete choice experiment, this thesis examines (1) the circumstances that trigger adaptations, (2) the nature and consistency of modifications made to programs, and (3) how professionals weigh different outcomes when making adaptation decisions. The findings demonstrate that fidelity–adaptation decisions are pervasive and dynamic, occurring even in well-implemented programs. Study I identifies 11 distinct reasons facilitators recognize for making adaptations. Study II reveals that practitioners’ capacity to make thoughtful adjustments while maintaining program integrity varies considerably. Study III illuminates the breadth of outcomes valued by providers and recipients, highlighting the complex multi-goal context of program delivery. Study IV quantifies how professionals prioritize these different outcomes and finds that relationship quality most strongly influences adaptation decisions. The findings demonstrate that fidelity–adaptation decisions are pervasive and dynamic, occurring even in well-implemented programs. These decisions reflect the complex interplay between practitioners’ professional judgment, working conditions, and organizational demands. This thesis shows how practitioners actively negotiate competing professional demands in their daily work, demonstrates how organizational contexts and governance structures shape professional discretion, and highlights the importance of creating supportive work environments that enable practitioners to make informed decisions while managing multiple organizational goals. These insights suggest that sustainable implementation requires approaches that recognize and support practitioners’ professional agency while acknowledging the complex organizational realities in which they operate