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Incidence of Bacterial Coinfection with a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Iin Hospitalized Children Below Five Years
Get PDFBackground: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a crucial motive of mortality and morbidity in youngsters under five in the growing usa.
Objective: RSV and different breathing viruses are commonly co-detected with doubtlessly pathogenic bacteria, which include Streptococcus pneumoniae, within the top airways of young children. While these bacteria are acknowledged to be carried asymptomatically, they're additionally able to opportunistic infections.
Material and methods: The present study blanketed a total of (100) samples (entire blood, serum samples, nasopharyngeal swabs, and respiratory tract secretions) have been collected from sufferers affected by breathing tract troubles who were admitted to AL-Hashmia General Hospital and Babylon Maternity and Children Hospital during a length of three months from (November 2022 to January 2023).
Result: The end result of the present-day study is that there was a considerable affiliation between RSV and Mycoplasma pneumonia. Moreover, there have been a vast association among Co-viral contamination and Legionella peumophila serogroup 1.
Discussion: and conclusion: The immunoflorecent take a look at for RSV was observed to be touchy at 10% and 97.5% precise. While the PPV became calculated at 50%, the NPV changed into 81%. The typical accuracy of the take a look at changed into eighty persent. The current information at the mechanisms underlying bacterial and viral interactions inside the respiration tract have been summarized in this examine
Risk Factors for Cerebral Oedema in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Get PDFBackground: The risk factors for this uncommon life-threatening complication haven't been defined clearly yet.
Method: We analyzed the biochemical and therapeutic risk factors for cerebral oedema in diabetic ketoacidosis by a retrospective study of 171 children admitted to two hospitals for diabetic ketoacidosis between January 2022 and January 2023. A comparison was made between the cases with and without cerebral oedema in demographic and biochemical variables at presentation and therapeutic interventions. cerebral oedema was diagnosed in 15 (8.8%) of 171 cases included in the study. The outcome was fatal only in one of these cases (7%).
Results: cerebral oedema had a significant association with the severe type of diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation i.e. low venous pH (p < 0.001), low sodium bicarbonate level (p < 0.001), and low partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide PCO2 (p < 0.001), high blood glucose (p < 0.01), high blood urea (p < 0.05) and high serum osmolality (р < 0.05). During the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, cerebral oedema had a significant association with a low level of serum phosphate (p < 0.05). Development of cerebral oedema was also significantly associated with the initiation of management for diabetic ketoacidosis before hospitalization in our hospital (p < 0.05), treatment with sodium bicarbonate (p < 0.001), higher volume of fluid given initially (p < 0.01) and delay in potassium substitution (p < 0.01).
Conclusions: Severe cases of ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia and dehydration at presentation, and low serum phosphate during treatment are significantly related to cerebral oedema formation in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. The initial severe acidosis and hyperglycemia probably lead to brain injury, which in turn causes cerebral oedema in the course of developing hypophosphatemia and cerebral hypervolemia
Knowledge and Attitudes towards Epilepsy among Parents in Osogbo Lga Osun State, Nigeria
Get PDFBackground Epilepsy is a disease characterized by abnormal brain activities causing seizures or unusual behavior, feelings and sometimes loss of awareness. It has neurological, cognitive, psychological and social after-effects and it affects people of all ages, race, social classes, and geographical location. It constitutes a major portion of the global burden of disease, affecting around 50 million people worldwide. This study therefore aims to explore the knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy among parents in Osogbo LGA Osun state, Nigeria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used and 234 participants living in Osogbo Local Government Area were used. The data collected was on knowledge of and attitude towards epilepsy. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Chi square and binary logistic regression were used.
RESULTS: Most respondents (94%) have heard of epilepsy with their main sources of information from mass media, health worker, relations/friends and internet. 95.3% of respondents had good knowledge of epilepsy, while 59% had positive attitude to epilepsy. Predictors of respondents’ attitude towards people living with epilepsy, respondents with age group of 36-45 years (OR= 0.316, Cl= 0.146 – 0.686, P= 0.004). Also respondents with good knowledge are eight times more likely (8.597) to have poor attitude towards people living with epilepsy.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, parents living in Osogbo local government area as represented by the study sample have a good level of knowledge on epilepsy and good attitude towards epilepsy in general. There is still a need for continuous community education about epilepsy with the aim of improving the knowledge and attitude of members of the community towards the diseas
The Contribution of Muslim Doctors to the Development of Medicine during the Reign of the Arab Caliphates
Get PDFThis article examines the development of medicine in Central Asia during the Arab Caliphate. The works of such scholars as Al-Harith ibn Qalada at-Takafi, Abu al-Abbas ibn Abu Usaybia, Ibn Abi Ramta at-Tamimi, Ibn Baytar and Ali ibn Isa al-Kihal are very widely covered
Increasing Physical Activity in Metabolic Syndrome
Get PDFComponents of metabolic syndrome are highly prevalent among the disorganized population. Preventive technologies used in modern medicine are not fully effective in eliminating metabolic syndrome and its components. The active involvement of modern achievements of preventive medicine in local medicine makes it possible to fully implement the prevention of components of the metabolic syndrome in patients.
In an organized and unorganized group of patients with components of the metabolic syndrome, taking into account the composition of the daily diet, recommending fats, carbohydrates, proteins, taking into account energy consumption, increases the possibility of effective prevention in patients. Calculation of the basal metabolic rate in patients and correction of the diet taking into account the coefficient of physical activity increase the effectiveness of preventive measures. This makes it possible to increase physical activity based on recommendations that take into account the individual characteristics of patients
Analytical Simulation to Study the Behavior of Cancerous Tumors by Using Shehu Transformation-Akbari-Ganji’s Method with the Padé Approximation
Get PDFThis paper presents an approximate analytical study of the dynamic model of the interaction between lymphocytes and tumor cells in the presence of cytokines. A new method that combines the Shehu transformation and Akbari-Ganji method with the Padé approximation was applied. The accuracy and high efficiency of this method were demonstrated by error tables and graphs. The study found that the rate and duration of treatment had a significant effect on preventing the growth of cancer cells and improving the function of cancer-fighting lymphocytes, confirming the importance of studying and determining the optimal concentrations of cytokines that contribute to inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and improving the function of lymphocytes in fighting cancer
Follow-up and Treatment Options for Breast Cancer Patients in Iraq
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to Follow-up and Treatment Options for Breast Cancer Patients in Iraq. The purpose of this retrospective research was to examine the demographic, clinical, and tumour pathological data of 210 female Iraqi patients with a histological diagnosis of breast cancer. Patients' ages, marital statuses, parities, first delivery ages, occupations, breastfeeding histories, hormone intake, family cancer and breast cancer histories, tumour grades, clinical stages, histological types, and tumour grades were among the variables examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the hormone receptor (ER) and HER2 overexpression content of the main tumours. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone replacement, and biological targeted therapy were all part of the therapeutic choices that were on the table. Three years of follow-up allowed us to assess the recurrence rate. out of the total number of breast cancer cases in this research, 8.1% (17 cases) were diagnosed at stage I, 45.7% (96 cases) were diagnosed at stage II, 39.5% (83 cases) at stage III, and 6.7% (14 cases) at stage IV. Two subcategories, IIA and IIB, were used to classify Stage II: 30.0% and 15.7% of the total, respectively. In contrast, stage III was further subdivided into IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, accounting for 26.2%, 3.8%, and 9.5% of the overall portion, respectively. The evaluating surgeons and oncologists provided treatment choices based on each patient's specific situation. There were 201 patients (95.7% of the total) who had surgery. Chemotherapy was administered to 101 patients (91.0%), whereas 134 cases (63.8%) were scheduled for radiation treatments. Among the patients who were provided hormone therapy as an adjuvant treatment option, 129 patients (61.4%) with ER and/or PR positive tumour contents were given Tamoxifen and Aromatase inhibitors. On the other hand, 58 patients (26.6%) with HER2 positive findings were given Herceptin.
In conclusion, when patients first appear with breast cancer in Iraq, the disease is often well advanced, necessitating severe mastectomies and other forms of palliative care. The future of breast cancer management hinges on early diagnosis. To track the effectiveness of treatment and prevent recurrence, patients must undergo multimodality treatment and undergo long-term, routine follow-up with the help of multidisciplinary tumour boards
The Nature of Dynamic Changes in The Ciliary Body After Micropulse Transsclera Laser Coagulation
Get PDFRefractory glaucoma is the most severe group of eye diseases caused by increased intraocular pressure. The group of patients with refractory glaucoma includes neovascular glaucoma, repeatedly unsuccessfully operated primary open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma, neglected and untreated primary glaucoma, uveal glaucoma, glaucoma in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes and congenital glaucoma
Main goal of research. To determine the nature of dynamic changes in the ciliary body after micropulse transscleral laser coagulation
Materials and methods. Analysis of morphometric changes of the ciliary body after micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MLTC) was carried out in 32 refractory glaucoma patients using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) method repeatedly from 12 to 50 weeks on Sonomed Еsсalon VuM device (USA). An 810 nm diode laser in micropulse mode (Subcyclio technique) was used to perform MTCT. The following radiation parameters were used: power 2000 mW, duty cycle 31.3%. Laser radiation was delivered by contact with a probe at a distance of 3 mm from the limbus. All patients underwent a thorough general clinical and ophthalmological examination prior to treatment. Visual acuity was determined by Snellen optotypes, the anterior eye was examined with a standard slit lamp, and gonioscopy was performed with a three-mirror Goldman lens. Intraocular pressure was also determined with Goldman slit lamp and Maklakov tonometer. ptico-coherence tomography of optic nerve area with HRT device, Heidelberg Engineering (Germany).
Conclusion: Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the anterior eyeball on Sonomed Escalon VuMax device (USA) is a highly informative and precise method to study morphological changes of the eye secretory apparatus in glaucoma
Glysemia in Admission to Hospital and the Features of Inhospital Period in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With ST –Segment Elevation
Get PDFThe aim was to determine the features of in-hospital period in patients with myocardial infarction with ST- segment elevation depending on the level of glycemia in admission. There have been examined 319 patients with acute myocardial infarction (190 men and 129 women) aged 59-69 years, who were divided by the level of glycemia in admission into 3 groups: group 1: 110 persons with the concentration of glucose ≤ of 7,1 mmol/l, 2-I – 138 patients with glucose 7,1-11,1 mmol/l, 3-I – 71 patient with the concentration of glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l. The level of glucose in the 3rd group was higher than in the 1-st and 2-nd groups (2,7 times and 1,8 times respectively, р1-3=0,0001, р2-3=0,0008). There has been identified the association of glycemia with traditional factors of cardiovascular risk and the level of troponin T. The blood glucose level can be considered as a universal marker, indicating the presence of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, and reflecting the stress response to ischemic myocardial damage. Hyperglycemia revealed in admission to the hospital in patients with MI is associated with adverse course of in-hospital period, including the development of lethal outcomes
Community Based Tourism Development Strategy: A Study in Tourism Villages in North Minahasa Regency
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to find out the strategies for developing community-based tourism (community-based tourism) for tourist villages, as well as what are the supporting and inhibiting factors for the development of community-based tourism (community based tourism) in tourist villages in North Minahasa Regency. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques used by researchers are interviews, documentation, and observation. While the informants in this study were the government of North Minahasa Regency, tourism object managers, traders at tourist attraction locations, tourists and the community around the tourist village. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. The data analysis technique used is triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the community-based tourism development strategy in tourist villages in North Minahasa Regency consists of first, involving the community in decision making. Second, there is certainty that local communities receive benefits from tourism activities in their villages. Third, ensure environmental sustainability. Fourth, the factors that support the development of community-based tourism are found, namely the natural beauty that is still maintained, as well as the inhibiting factors of the lack of awareness in keeping the environment clean. there is certainty that local communities receive benefits from tourism activities in their villages. Third, ensure environmental sustainability. Fourth, the factors that support the development of community-based tourism are found, namely the natural beauty that is still maintained, as well as the inhibiting factors of the lack of awareness in keeping the environment clean. there is certainty that local communities receive benefits from tourism activities in their villages. Third, ensure environmental sustainability. Fourth, the factors that support the development of community-based tourism are found, namely the natural beauty that is still maintained, as well as the inhibiting factors of the lack of awareness in keeping the environment clean