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Analysis of Hepatotoxic Reactions During Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Pulmonary Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
Get PDF216 newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis patients suffring from multiple drug resistance (MDR) were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The fist group consisted of 164 patients in whom when admitted to hospital, GeneXpert MTB/RIF was used to test the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) to rifampicin. Initially, patients in this group were treated with chemotherapy regimen 4 (pyrazinamide, kanamycin/amikacin/capreomycin, floroquinolones, cycloserine/terizidone, prothionamide, PAS). Group 2 included 97 patients. They all were treated with chemotherapy regimen 1 (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol/streptomycin) before MDR was confimed in them by sputum culture on solid media (in 2-3 months of treatment) after that treatment regimen was amended with re-registration for chemotherapy regimen 4. It was found out that hepatotoxic reactions in patients without initial abnormal liver function when prescribing chemotherapy regimen 4 occurred in 31.3% of cases and when initially using regimen 1 followed by switching to regimen 4 – in 87.8% of cases ( p < 0.001). In the course of treatment, the signs of liver damage in patients who initially received regimen 4 were more frequent in the fist 2 months of treatment, whereas in patients treated initially with regimen 1 with subsequent switching to regimen 4 – during the fist 4 months. In the overwhelming majority of cases, hepatotoxic reactions were mild in patients who initially received regimen 4 as well as in patients initially treated with regimen 1 followed by switching to regimen 4. However, severe hepatotoxic reactions were more often observed in patients from Group 2
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Carboxylated Polyvinylpyrrolidone Conjugation with Tranexamic Acid (TXA)
Get PDFPolymer conjugation with biologically active components has become a very attractive system as it could improve the efficacy of some drugs. This study aims to prepare and formulate a topical polymer conjugate with biologically active components for a therapy of bleeding using tranexamic acid as a drug model and study the antibacterial activity of the resultant products.
The polymeric matrix involved carboxylated polyvinylpyrrolidone. Hence, carboxylated polyvinylpyrrolidone was bonding with tranexamic acid by an amide bond (P1), resulting in a product complex with iodine (P2).
In order to determine the amount of medication present in these derivatives, FTIR, DSC, and 1HNMR characterization techniques were utilized. The antibacterial potential of the prepared samples (P1, P2) with the use of PVP iodine as a control was studied against different amounts of Grammeme's negative and Grammeme's positive bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae. There were four different strains of bacteria tested. When bacteria like E. coli and S. aureus were used, the results showed that P1 and P2 were more effective at killing bacteria than PVP iodine
Serological Detection of Giardiasis in Children with Diarrhea
Get PDFThis study aimed for serological detection of giardiasis in children with diarrhea. The present study included the acquisition of 126 faecal specimens from a diverse cohort of children spanning all genders and age ranges. These samples were submitted to the laboratory located in Babylon province, Iraq, on many occasions over the period from 2020 to 2022. The gathered specimens were recorded in a tabular format, subsequently leading to the transportation of all faecal samples to the laboratory. Following this, a thorough examination of all samples was conducted using a light microscope, and any samples that raised concerns were subjected to further analysis employing a serological methodology. All samples that were predominantly recognised as G. lamblia in the laboratory were subjected to examination using a serological test. The serological test used an ELISA kit manufactured by Sanlong, and the instructions provided by the manufacturer were followed. The overall prevalence of G. lamblia infection in Babylon city was found to be 5.6%. Specifically, the infection rate among men was 4.1%, while among females it was 6.5%. In relation to the age cohorts, all participants under study were categorised into three distinct age groups. Notably, the age group including persons aged 6-10 years exhibited the greatest infection rate at 7.1%. Additionally, infection rates of 4.4% and 2.6% were seen in the age groups of 1-5 years and above 10 years, respectively. Infections were seen in faeces samples exhibiting semi-formed consistency, loose consistency, and watery consistency, as indicated by the stool types. The prevalence of infection was greater in the loose type.
In conclusion, the present cross-sectional investigation indicates that the incidence of giardiasis in Babylon city is very low. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the incidence of G. lamblia infection among children is also low. Furthermore, no significant variations were observed in relation to stool type and gender. Nevertheless, it is crucial to implement targeted and appropriate health programmes for the prevention of this disease
The Obesity Epidemic and its Implications in Anesthesia
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is among the most prevalent risk factors affecting the physical and mental well-being of overweight patients, resulting in lower survival rates. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes associated with the impact of obesity on anesthesia management.
Patients and methods: A total of 133 patients aged 25 years and above were diagnosed in different hospitals in Iraq between 17th February 2022 and 26th March 2023. The patients were categorized based on their obesity into three classes (Class I, Class II, Class III) and underwent two types of surgeries - gastric sleeve surgery and gastric bypass. Additionally, patients' postoperative well-being was evaluated using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.
Results: The clinical results showed that obesity was the most important risk factor affecting the quality of life of elderly patients over the age of 60, and the infection rate reached 42.11%, with males having a higher infection rate, 62.41%, than females, 37.59%. Most patients were obese and had a body mass index. Body mass index (31-34.9) was 51.13%, and patients with BMI (>35) was 30.08%. The results of the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment showed that the hospital was successful in managing the surgical procedure and improving patients' quality of life after surgery, despite the difficulty of the operation and the adverse effects of general anaesthesia. The assessment results showed that social relationships (71.88%), mental health (68.55%), and physical aspects (63.11%) were the most improved and effective for patients after surgery.
Conclusion: According to this recent study, patients' levels of obesity significantly affect their ability to undergo various bariatric surgery procedures. Nonetheless, our study revealed a definite improvement in the post-operative quality-of-life evaluation of obese patients regarding their physical, social, and mental health
ОПТИМАЛЬНОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ИНФЕКЦИОННОГО РИНОСИНУСИТА
Get PDFсвязь заболеваний верхних и нижних дыхательных путей отмечается в большом количестве исследований и объясняется различными теориями. В том числе имеются доказательства, что назальные симптомы при заболеваниях полости носа и околоносовых пазух влияют на обострения хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ). Соответственно, терапия, направленная на лечение риносинусита, может облегчить состояние и улучшить качество жизни, данной категории больны
Medical Education and Barriers to Funding in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
Get PDFAdequate funding is critical for the implementation of medical education in tertiary institutions. Adequate funding is the pillar that aid actualization of medical education globally. It is unfortunate that investment into medical education in Nigeria tertiary education is poor. This paper examined barriers to funding of medical education in Nigeria. The paper established that lack of political will to implement UNESCO 15% - 20% recommendation for education, corruption, insecurity, debt servicing, short fall in national revenue and revenue linkage are the barriers to funding of medical education in Nigeria. Based on these problems identified, the paper recommended that Federal and State government should implement UNESCO 15% - 20% recommendation for education funding in Nigeria. Nigerian government should block all revenue linkages and diversify the economy to improve revenue generation. Government should fight corruption in education administration by using ICT. Provost of colleges of medicine in Nigeria should look inward and improve on internally generated revenue
The Effect of Specific Areas Exercises to Develop Scoring Speed Performance of Young Football Players
Get PDFThe modern play of football requires the creation of modern methods different from what is used by coaches, including the use of exercises specific areas, it is one of the few training methods used in age groups in Iraq because of its positive impact on the acquisition and mastery of basic skills and the development of physical and skill abilities of players, the problem of research has emerged through the field follow-up of some training and matches of young people, as the researchers found that there is a weakness in the speed of performance of the scoring skill and lack of quick decisions And the loss of many opportunities achieved, the scoring skill is the essence of all aspects of training and the important and necessary factor in resolving the result of the match, so the researchers decided to study this problem using new exercises in training the specified areas for its distinctive effectiveness in developing basic football skills, including the scoring skill because this skill has a major role in reaping winning points. The exercises of the specific areas with their diverse style are more competitive in developing the speed of performance of young football players, the exercises of the specified areas are considered a recreational aspect due to the difference in the training environment from the traditional Which contributed to the development of the skill of speed of scoring performance, the exercises of the specific areas develop the components of the physical and skill game
Follow-up and Treatment Options for Breast Cancer Patients in Iraq
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to Follow-up and Treatment Options for Breast Cancer Patients in Iraq. The purpose of this retrospective research was to examine the demographic, clinical, and tumour pathological data of 210 female Iraqi patients with a histological diagnosis of breast cancer. Patients' ages, marital statuses, parities, first delivery ages, occupations, breastfeeding histories, hormone intake, family cancer and breast cancer histories, tumour grades, clinical stages, histological types, and tumour grades were among the variables examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the hormone receptor (ER) and HER2 overexpression content of the main tumours. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone replacement, and biological targeted therapy were all part of the therapeutic choices that were on the table. Three years of follow-up allowed us to assess the recurrence rate. out of the total number of breast cancer cases in this research, 8.1% (17 cases) were diagnosed at stage I, 45.7% (96 cases) were diagnosed at stage II, 39.5% (83 cases) at stage III, and 6.7% (14 cases) at stage IV. Two subcategories, IIA and IIB, were used to classify Stage II: 30.0% and 15.7% of the total, respectively. In contrast, stage III was further subdivided into IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, accounting for 26.2%, 3.8%, and 9.5% of the overall portion, respectively. The evaluating surgeons and oncologists provided treatment choices based on each patient's specific situation. There were 201 patients (95.7% of the total) who had surgery. Chemotherapy was administered to 101 patients (91.0%), whereas 134 cases (63.8%) were scheduled for radiation treatments. Among the patients who were provided hormone therapy as an adjuvant treatment option, 129 patients (61.4%) with ER and/or PR positive tumour contents were given Tamoxifen and Aromatase inhibitors. On the other hand, 58 patients (26.6%) with HER2 positive findings were given Herceptin.
In conclusion, when patients first appear with breast cancer in Iraq, the disease is often well advanced, necessitating severe mastectomies and other forms of palliative care. The future of breast cancer management hinges on early diagnosis. To track the effectiveness of treatment and prevent recurrence, patients must undergo multimodality treatment and undergo long-term, routine follow-up with the help of multidisciplinary tumour boards
The Effect of Online Advertisement on Purchase Intention Mediated by Brand Atitude (Study at Pt Akr Land Kawanua Emerald City Manado)
Get PDFThe property sector in the country is starting to improve to face the pressure of Covid 19 in 2022. Indonesia's economy in the first quarter of 2022 against the first quarter of 2021 grew by 5.01% (y-on-y). The results of the Bank Indonesia Residential Property Price Survey (SHPR) indicate that residential property prices in the primary market will increase in the first quarter of 2022 on an annual basis. The highest IHPR growth occurred in Manado City (5.07%, yoy), followed by Yogyakarta (4.00%, yoy) and Pontianak (3.97%, yoy). Sales of primary residential property in the first quarter of 2022 on an annual basis were observed to improve, even though house sales were still experiencing a contraction. The level of property sales that is starting to stabilize is a challenge for property business people not only in Indonesia but also in several regions. With competition between property developer companies, consumers are really selective in making purchasing decisions. AKR Land Kawanua Emerald City is one of the well-known property developer brands in Manado City which is the object of this research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of online advertisement on purchase intention through brand attitude. The population in the study was 371 homeowners in Kawanua Emerald City Manado and the samples in the study were 50 samples. Collecting data in research using questionnaires and in data processing using SmartPLS30. The results of this study explain that online advertisement has a significant effect on Purchase Intention. Online advertisement has no significant effect on brand attitude. Brand attitude has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. Online advertisement has a significant positive effect on purchase intention through brand attitude
Political Marketing Strategy for Z Generation in North Sulawesi
Get PDFPolitical Marketing Strategy becomes an important thing in winning general elections. Generation Z needs different information and experiences to encourage them to participate in elections. The purpose of this research is to build a political marketing strategy that can be used for generation Z in North Sulawesi. The research method used is a qualitative method with a sample that is a generation Z in North Sulawesi. The results of this study indicate that the strategy has been successfully formulated using SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate that the resulting political marketing strategy is an aggressive strategy. Several strategies that can be implemented include increasing the participation of young generation Z with political education, increasing the number of generation Z as politicians and volunteers, and providing political marketing information by implementing 7P (product, promotion, price, place, process, people, packaging) and Shorten the process and improve the quality of the political process, as well as provide training for generation Z. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that good political marketing will produce a strong influence and encourage generations