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Development of Self Compacting Concrete with Ternary Cementitious Blend Containing OPC, Silica Fume, and High-Volume Fly Ash
Get PDFSelf-compacting concrete (SCC), alternatively known as "self-consolidating concrete" in North America, refers to a variety of customized concretes engineered to possess specific properties while in their fresh state. The standout attribute of SCC is its capability to seamlessly flow into formwork without segregation, relying primarily on its own weight. The key engineering traits of fresh SCC include resistance to segregation, excellent filling capacity, and exceptional flow split tensile strength and compressive strength ability. The suspension of particles within a matrix forms the fresh SCC, with the composite material's properties being influenced by a comprehension of how the mix composition and constituent materials interact. The composition of SCC varies significantly from country to country due to the availability of resources and amalgamation of local practices. Variations in SCC composition directly impact engineering properties such as strength, creep, durability, and shrinkage. Key challenges and opportunities associated with SCC involve aspects like flow modeling, virtual mix design, robustness, sustainability, and the compatibility of constituent materials
Exploring the Integration of Informed Machine Learning in Engineering Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFAbstract: Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into mechanical engineering catalyzes a transformative shift within Industry 4.0, offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation, efficiency, and problem-solving. This paper explores the pivotal role of AI and ML in reshaping mechanical engineering practices, from predictive maintenance and design optimization to quality control and supply chain management. By leveraging sophisticated algorithms and vast datasets, AI and ML enable mechanical systems to achieve higher autonomy, performance, and reliability levels. However, adopting these technologies also presents challenges, including technical hurdles, ethical considerations, and the need for specialized knowledge. Through a series of case studies, the paper illustrates successful implementations of AI and ML in mechanical engineering projects, highlighting the benefits and addressing the limitations encountered. Furthermore, it discusses the evolving role of mechanical engineers in this new landscape, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning and interdisciplinary collaboration to harness the full potential of AI and ML in Industry 4.0. The paper concludes with a forward-looking perspective on future research directions, underscoring the critical role of ethical AI and the development of robust algorithms to navigate the complexities of real-world applications.
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Determination of the Effectiveness of Anthelmintic Drugs in the Treatment of Moniesiosis of Goats in The Kashkadarya Region
Get PDFThis article identifies the therapeutic efficacy of brontel Plus (made in Ukraine), Monezol (made in Uzbekistan), ivermectin 1% & Praziquantel 2.5% (Made in China) anthelmintics in the treatment of goat moniesiosis
Calf Gender with Milk Traits Relationship on Buffaloes
Get PDFThe study investigates the relationship between calf gender and milk traits in buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) in Iraq during the 2018/2019 lactating season. Despite extensive research on buffalo milk production, the specific impact of calf gender on milk traits remains underexplored. Using a sample of 700 milk analyses from 72 buffaloes, fat, protein, and lactose percentages were measured alongside daily milk yield. Results showed a significant effect (P≤0.05) of calf gender on daily milk yield, with higher yields for cows birthing male calves (7.77 ±0.48 liters) compared to female calves (6.22 ±0.51 liters). However, calf gender did not significantly influence the percentages of protein, fat, lactose, and solid-not-fat (SNF) components. These findings suggest that while calf gender impacts overall milk yield, it does not affect milk composition, highlighting the potential for targeted breeding strategies using sexed semen to optimize milk production and economic outcomes for dairy farmers. Further research with larger samples over multiple seasons is recommended to confirm these findings
Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Infertility Problems Among Baghdad City Populations: Associations with Food Habits and Environmental Pollution
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection among Baghdad city populations and explore associations with infertility, food habits, environmental factors, and comorbidities like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The researcher examined 120 people in Baghdad from June 2020 to March 2022. H. pylori antibodies were detected using rapid diagnostic kits. Information on age, gender, food habits, T2DM, smoking status, and living conditions was collected. Semen analysis was done in H. pylori positive and negative males with infertility. H. pylori seroprevalence was 62.5%. Prevalence increased with age (p<0.05) and was higher among females (70%) than males (62.5%), (p<0.001). Non-spicy food consumers showed higher prevalence (67%) than spicy food eaters (33%), (p<0.001). T2DM patients demonstrated substantially higher prevalence than non-diabetics (81% vs 67%), (p=0.001). Rural inhabitants revealed greater prevalence than urban dwellers (66.6% vs 33.3% for males; 70% vs 40% for females), (p<0.01). Smokers exhibited higher seropositivity than non-smokers (41% vs 24%), (p<0.001). Infertile men showed poorer semen parameters with H. pylori infection (p<0.01). Good hygiene, healthy diets, and avoiding smoking are vital to curb H. pylori infection. Testing for this bacterium should be considered in infertility assessments
Afforestation as an Option to Reduce Desertification in Salah al-Din Governorate Challenges and Solutions
Get PDFAfforestation is one of the most important factors that contribute to combating desertification. It is the first link in destroying or building the ecosystem. The presence of trees is able to enhance the biological capacity of the land. Reduce dust storms. And the determinant in the climate changes that worry the world. Therefore, the enactment of laws that prevent unauthorized cutting of trees, and the holding of conferences and seminars on a global scale began with the necessity of rapid action in the face of the great shortage in numbers of trees. Countries began to establish campaigns to plant millions of trees annually.
And in implementation of the requirements of the United Nations Convention on Desertification, to which Iraq joined in the year 2009, the National Action Program was established in Iraq to draw up the ten-year strategic plan 2008-2018, and it showed great seriousness in finding ways to reduce desertification, as well as to fulfill its obligations towards international environmental agreements. The program concluded that: 92% of the area of Iraq is threatened by desertification, which is considered a warning bell that calls for effective and rapid action to curb this environmental problem.
Salah al-Din governorate, like the rest of Iraq, suffers from the spread of desertification in a large way, as it is among the central governorates north of the capital, Baghdad. It is astronomically located at 43.35 longitude and 34.27 latitude. Its population is about 1,500,000 according to the 2014 census, and its area is approximately 11,000,000 dunums. This is due to the joining of some areas from the neighboring governorates administratively, and sometimes their exit as well. The arable area is 6,085,932 dunums. As for the lands that are desertified and threatened with desertification, they amount to 5,372,334 dunums, and there is a significant deterioration in the natural pastures, which have an area of 1,782,239 acres.
Therefore, this study was to find out the number of trees that should be planted by knowing the area of lands threatened with desertification in the governorate. It was estimated according to the minimum number of trees in each dunum, which was agreed upon by a scientist. It was 58,000,000 trees. When starting to draw up a plan to plant this number of trees, there were three problems. Major, which is that it needs allocations of up to 800 billion and large numbers of human resources. If a million trees are planted, which is what all of Iraq aspires to plant in the field of desertification, we need 58 years to reach the goal. This is if the project was adopted by the government sector
Therefore, there was an option to involve the landowners in the afforestation program, where the state imposes the planting of a certain number of trees annually on each agricultural holding within the areas threatened with desertification, provided that the state supplies the seedlings free of charge with an irrigation system. When studying it, it was found that there are about 40,000 artesian wells distributed throughout the region, and if only 500 trees are planted for each well, it means that we can plant 20 million trees without large financial allocations. The government sector adopted the implementation of planting the same number of trees
This requires developing a program to implement this project with the participation of all ministries and agencies in order to reach a mechanism for implementing this study, and among its procedures is to stop all administrative transactions for the farmer unless the owner of the holding is committed to implementing the planting of the required number of trees
The Age of Citrus Cultivars Affects Rooting, Growth and Development of Cuttings
Get PDFThe article presents the results of research conducted to study the effect of the age of citrus varieties on the rooting, growth and development of cuttings. The article also provides valuable information on determining the phenophases of rhizogenesis in cuttings of citrus plants of different ages
Bioremediation of Wastewater by Using Bacteria An Experimental Study at Tigris River
Get PDFThe Tigris River holds great importance in the Middle East, as it traverses multiple nations and has played a crucial part in shaping the region's history and progress. The presence of trace elements in water bodies, such as the Tigris River, can substantially impact the bacteria in the environment. Bacteria are essential for nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and the overall health of ecosystems. Bacteria are essential in wastewater treatment, particularly domestic waste, due to their ability to perform bioremediation. Bacterial samples from dirty water were gathered to study bacterial potential function in wastewater treatment. Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures, two of the most abundant and pollutionresistant bacteria, were isolated from these samples and put to use in the BBM. Sewage effluent samples from untreated sewage water facilities were taken from the Tigris River for this research. Both (i) wastewater treated with a culture of H. pseudoflava and P. aeruginosa and (ii) wastewater treated without a culture of H. pseudoflava and P. aeruginosa (Control) were used to investigate the impact of bacteria on wastewater. Every fifth day, samples were taken and tested by accepted procedures to determine physicochemical parameters such pH, phosphate, nitrate, BOD and COD. Nitrate and COD are most effectively removed by H. pseudoflava, whereas P. aeruginosa reduces BOD and phosphate. The bacterial bioremediation of wastewater is the subject of the current study
Morphological and Biological Development of Fasciola Hepatica Larvae in a Mollusk
Get PDFThe article presents an analysis of literary data on the gastropod mollusk family Lymnaedae, which is an intermediate host of fasciolae, as well as the results of studies conducted in 2010-2023 on the stages of development of fasciolae parthenites in the body of mollusks
Breakthrough in Combating Yellow Rust Boosts Wheat Yield and Quality
Get PDFThis article presents modern methods of combating yellow rust disease, emphasizing research at the Southern Agricultural Research Institute. The most effective, inexpensive, and environmentally safe method to combat agricultural diseases is planting resistant, high-yielding, and high-quality grain varieties. Studying the virulence structure of rust diseases is crucial for grain production, as identifying and using effective resistance genes based on laboratory analyses can significantly combat rust diseases in grain crops. The research involved virulence testing of differentiating cultivars with specific genes, using a combination of global and European varieties, and optimal rust development techniques, including nitrogenous Norus fertilizer and Soltrol 170 for inoculation. The evaluation followed the 0-4 scale by C. Wellings et al. (1986). Marker-assisted selection (MAS) identified new breeding materials resistant to yellow rust, leading to new soft wheat varieties that can increase irrigated field productivity by 10-15 t/ha, addressing the demand for high-quality grain products